Hand luggage

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Hand luggage compartments of an Airbus A340-600 aircraft (economy class), also referred to as "overhead bins" Luggage compartments Airbus.JPG
Hand luggage compartments of an Airbus A340-600 aircraft (economy class), also referred to as "overhead bins"
A portable scale used to check if hand luggage is within weight limits. Supermini-Scale.jpg
A portable scale used to check if hand luggage is within weight limits.

The term hand luggage or cabin baggage (normally called carry-on in North America) refers to the type of luggage that passengers are allowed to carry along in the passenger compartment of a vehicle instead of a separate cargo compartment. Passengers are allowed to carry a limited number of smaller bags with them in the vehicle, which typically contain valuables and items needed during the journey. There is normally storage space provided for hand luggage, either under seating, or in overhead lockers. Trains usually have luggage racks above the seats and may also (especially in the case of trains travelling longer distances) have luggage space between the backs of seats facing opposite directions, or in extra luggage racks, for example, at the ends of the carriage (train car in American English) near the doors.

Contents

Commercial air travel

Hand baggage allowance is a topic frequently discussed in the context of commercial air travel. On the one hand, passengers may want to have more of their possessions at hand during flight, skip the often time-consuming baggage claim process, and avoid the risk of having their checked baggage lost or damaged. On the other hand, safety concerns, takeoff weight limitations, and financial incentives (e.g. charging for checked bags) cause airlines to impose limits on how much and what passengers can take into the aircraft cabin. A large amount of hand luggage also slows the security screening of passengers, and can slow boarding as it takes longer to find space in cabin storage areas.

Studies have found that passengers often pause to retrieve cabin baggage during an emergency evacuation, despite instructions to the contrary in pre-flight safety briefings. This is not a new phenomenon, as it was observed during the evacuation of a Boeing 737 that caught fire in 1984. At least one passenger re-entered a Boeing 777 that crashed in 2008 to retrieve personal belongings. Video of the evacuation of a Sukhoi Superjet that caught fire on landing in 2019 clearly shows passengers on the emergency slides with large suitcases, raising questions as to whether this contributed to the loss of life. Remote locking of overhead baggage bins is being considered as a solution to the issue. [1]

Allowances

A luggage gauge, used to ensure carry-ons are within Aer Lingus's size limits. Luggage.jpg
A luggage gauge, used to ensure carry-ons are within Aer Lingus's size limits.

The International Air Transport Association (IATA) sets guidelines for cabin baggage/hand luggage/carry-on luggage size. [2] As of 2022, the IATA recommends a maximum size of 56 cm × 45 cm × 25 cm (22.0 in × 17.7 in × 9.8 in), including protuberances like wheels, handles, and pockets. [3]

The IATA guidelines are voluntary; the actual size and weight limits of cabin baggage imposed by airlines differ widely. In some cases they are dependent on the aircraft model being used, in other cases it depends on the booking class.

DimensionsVol.Linear
equiv. †
Airlines and notes
40 cm × 25 cm × 20 cm20 L85 cm Ryanair has introduced a smaller carry on size, valid for all new bookings and all flights from 2018-11-01 onwards. It is possible to take also the previous bigger size carry on by booking Priority Boarding. [4]
40 cm × 30 cm × 20 cm24 L90 cm Wizz Air free backpack/carry-on (trolley bag with "WIZZ Priority" service only), [5] Transavia underseat accessory, [6] Volotea, [7] Vueling [8]
45 cm × 35 cm × 20 cm32 L100 cm Japan Airlines on aircraft with under 100 seats on domestic flights [9]
45 cm × 36 cm × 20 cm32 L101 cm EasyJet allows one free cabin bag per person which needs to be kept under the seat in front, and can weigh max 15 kg [10]
48 cm × 36 cm × 20 cm35 L104 cm Aurigny class Regional (one bag max. 10 kg) or class Inter-Island (max. 6 kg) [11]
55 cm × 35 cm × 20 cm39 L110 cm IATA 2015 proposed "Cabin OK" standard (largely abandoned), [a] Flybe (+ one smaller bag, e.g. laptop) [18]
55 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm44 L115 cm Asiana Airlines, [19] Korean Air, [20] Vueling, [21] Ukraine International Airlines, [22] Air China (one bag no more than 5 kg for Economy Class, two bags no more than 8 kg each for First Class/Business Class), [23] Ryanair (not guaranteed to travel in cabin, first bag max. 10 kg;. Second bag of size 35 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm also allowed, valid for existing booking of flights before 2018-11-01 only, for other bookings see below.). [24] Level (airline) [25]
22 in × 14 in × 9 in
(~56 cm × 36 cm × 23 cm)
45 L115 cm American Airlines (one bag plus one personal item), [26] Delta Air Lines (one bag plus one personal item), [27] United Airlines (one bag plus one personal item), [28] Allegiant Air, [29] Hawaiian Airlines, [29] Jetblue Airways, [30] Nok Air, [29] US Airways [29]
56 cm × 36 cm × 23 cm46 L115 cm Virgin Atlantic, [31] Air Asia [29]
55 cm × 35 cm × 25 cm48 L115 cm Air France (weight allowance depends on route and class), [32] Malaysia Airlines; (one bag up to 7 kg plus one personal item). [33] From April 2019, all Brazilian airlines adopt this standard, verifying luggage size before the security checkpoint and weight is limited to 10 kg by ANAC (Brazilian Civil Aviation Agency) regulations.
55 cm × 40 cm × 23 cm51 L118 cm Austrian Airlines, Edelweiss Air, Lufthansa, Swiss Global Air Lines, Swiss International Air Lines (one bag max. 8 kg or a foldable garment bag up to 57 cm × 54 cm × 15 cm) also allowed in the cabin: another item of carry-on baggage (max. 30 × 40 × 10 cm, e.g. handbag, laptop bag);, [34] [35] Air Canada (10 kg plus one personal item not exceeding 43 cm × 33 cm × 16 cm), [36] Wizz Air trolley bag in combination with "WIZZ Priority" service; [5] Scandinavian Airlines (SAS); [37] Norwegian [38]
55 cm × 40 cm × 24 cm53 L119 cm Aer Lingus (one bag max. 10 kg plus one personal item not exceeding 33 cm × 25 cm × 20 cm) [39]
55 cm × 40 cm × 25 cm55 L120 cm All Nippon Airways, Japan Airlines on aircraft with at least 100 seats on domestic flights, [9] for all aircraft on international flights, Transavia (45 × 40 × 25 cm guaranteed to be allowed on board while 55 × 40 × 25 cm may be transported in hold, free of charge. [40]
24 in × 16 in × 10 in
(~61 cm × 41 cm × 25 cm)
63 L127 cm Airtran Airways, [29] Frontier Airlines, [29] Southwest Airlines, [29] Virgin America [29]
56 cm × 45 cm × 25 cm63 L126 cmIATA guideline size. British Airways (one bag plus one bag up to 40 cm × 30 cm × 15 cm, up to 23 kg each); [41] EasyJet (one bag, no special weight limit, not guaranteed to travel in cabin); [42] Finnair (one bag, max. 8 kg plus one personal item) [43] Aegean Airlines (one bag up to 8 kg); [44]
22 in × 18 in × 10 in
(~56 cm × 46 cm × 25 cm)
64 L127 cm Spirit Airlines [29]
24 in × 17 in × 10 in
(~61 cm × 43 cm × 25 cm)
66 L129 cm Alaska Airlines [29]
Isometric projection of hand luggage allowance sizes in centimetres
+: an additional unspecified personal item is permitted Comparison hand luggage allowance.svg
Isometric projection of hand luggage allowance sizes in centimetres
+: an additional unspecified personal item is permitted

† Dimensions are sometimes listed as "linear", meaning that when added together, height, width, and length are not to exceed a certain total number.

Business class, first class passengers and holders of high level mileage club members are often allowed to carry on a second bag of a similar or smaller size and weight. [46]

On smaller sized aircraft, sometimes the hand baggage can be carried to the aircraft door, where it is collected by baggage handlers for stowing in the cargo area and returned to the passenger right after landing.[ citation needed ]

Security restrictions

Following the increase in restrictions imposed on flights from UK airports and to the US after the events of August 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot, hand baggage on such flights was restricted to one cabin bag no bigger than 45 cm × 35 cm × 16 cm (17¾" x 13¾" x 6¼") effective since 15 August 2006. [47] On 21 September 2006, the British Airports Authority advised that from the following day, the allowable size of the single item of hand baggage on outgoing flights from the UK would be increased to 56 cm × 45 cm × 25 cm (approx. 22 in × 17.75 in × 9.85 in), [48] the IATA guideline size. Most UK airports still have a strict limit of one piece of cabin baggage per passenger, including business class.[ citation needed ]

European Union

Vending machine for carry-on luggage plastic bags at Munich Airport Vending machine for carry-on luggage plastic bags at MUC.jpg
Vending machine for carry-on luggage plastic bags at Munich Airport

A common regulation for cabin baggage restrictions was introduced on 6 November 2006 in European Union and in Switzerland, Norway and Iceland.

  • Restrictions on liquids:
    • only liquids with max 100 ml (3½ fl. oz.) per piece
    • all pieces assembled in a single zippable plastic bag of max 1000ml (1 quart)
    • the plastic resealable bag must not exceed 20 by 20 cm (7.9 by 7.9 in)
    • maximum of 1 plastic bag per passenger
    • liquids include gels and lotions (shampoo, tooth paste), lip sticks, moist paper tissue, contact lens solution
    • Exceptions:
      • prescribed medicine of any size, non-prescribed medicine-only items
      • baby milk and other items for infants
      • nutrition for diabetes diet
  • Restrictions on dangerous objects:
    • Firearms (including imitation firearms) and other projectile weapons (e.g. bows, crossbows)
    • sharp objects, even small ones, including dart arrows and razor blades
      • The recommendation allows for light knives and scissors with blades up to 6 cm (2.4 in) but some countries do not accept these either (e.g. nail care items)[ citation needed ]
    • blunt objects, clubs and all larger sticks, including sports utilities (e.g. skateboard)
    • inflammable objects, including ethanol, alcoholic beverage above 70%, some match sticks
    • toxic chemicals, including pepper spray, liquid batteries, blood samples [49]

United States

The United States Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has introduced a series of restrictions effective since 26 September 2006 under the name "3:1:1" for liquids. [50]

  • Restrictions on liquids:
    • 3.4 ounce or smaller of containers for liquids and gels (100 ml)
    • 1 quart-size clear plastic zip-top bag holding the liquid contents (approx. 950 ml)
    • 1 bag per traveler shown openly in the security bin
    • the TSA guidelines explicitly accept the metricized portions of 100 ml / 1 liter as defined later in the European Union
    • the list of exceptions for liquids (baby milk, diabetes diet) is identical to EU guidelines.

The TSA has additional restrictions for security searches: for example, the baggage should not be locked (except with a special luggage locks that TSA staff can open), gifts should not be wrapped, and shoes may be required to be taken off during body search with the metal detector. Food items in the luggage may be mistaken for dangerous material triggering an intensive search.

See also

Notes

  1. In 2015, the IATA made an effort to introduce a common smaller size for cabin luggage by introducing the "IATA Cabin OK" logo. Major airlines have expressed their interest to accept luggage of that size on their flights. This is specified as 55 × 35 × 20 cm (or 21.5 × 13.5 × 7.5 inches). [12] The Washington Post reported that the move was backed by eight "major" airlines. [13] The new size restrictions were criticised widely [14] [15] with the introduction program to be put on hold a few days later. [16] [17] As of April 2016, none of these airlines has introduced the new format.

Related Research Articles

After the September 11 attacks, there was an immediate call to action regarding the state of aviation security measures as the hijackers involved in 9/11 were able to successfully pass through security and take command of the plane. The existing security measures flagged more than half of the 19 hijackers in 9/11; however, they were cleared to board the plane because their bags were not found to contain any explosives. In the months and years following September 11, 2001, security at many airports worldwide were reformed to deter similar terrorist plots.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transportation Security Administration</span> United States federal government agency

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that has authority over the security of transportation systems within and connecting to the United States. It was created as a response to the September 11 attacks to improve airport security procedures and consolidate air travel security under a combined federal law enforcement and regulatory agency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airport security</span> Measures to prevent crime at an airport

Airport security includes the techniques and methods used in an attempt to encourage malicious harm, crime, terrorism, and other threats.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Checked baggage</span> Baggage stored in a vessels cargo hold

Checked baggage is luggage delivered to an airline or train for transportation in the hold of an aircraft, storage on a coach bus or baggage car of a passenger train. Checked baggage is inaccessible to the passenger during the flight or ride, as opposed to carry-on baggage.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lost luggage</span> Travellers accoutrements which fail to reach their intended destination

Lost luggage is luggage conveyed by a public carrier such as an airline, seafaring cruise ship, shipping company, or railway which fails to arrive at the correct destination with the passenger. In the United States, an average of 1 in 150 people have their checked baggage misdirected or left behind each year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baggage</span> Travelers accoutrements container


Baggage or luggage consists of bags, cases, and containers which hold a traveler's personal articles while the traveler is in transit. A modern traveler can be expected to have packages containing clothing, toiletries, small possessions, trip necessities. On the return trip, travelers may have souvenirs and gifts. For some people, luggage and the style thereof is representative of the owner's wealth and status. Luggage is constructed to protect the items during travel either with a hard shell or a durable soft material. Luggage often has internal subdivisions or sections to aid in securing items. Handles are typically provided to facilitate carrying, and some luggage may have wheels and/or telescoping handles or leashes to make moving them easier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baggage handler</span>

In the airline industry, a baggage handler is a person who loads and unloads baggage, and other cargo for transport via aircraft. With most airlines, the formal job title is "fleet service agent/clerk", though the position is commonly known amongst airline employees as a "ramp agent", due to the job's location on the airport ramp (tarmac).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nantes Atlantique Airport</span> Airport in Bouguenais, France

Nantes Atlantique Airport is an international airport serving Nantes, France. It is located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) southwest of the city, in Bouguenais.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bag tag</span> Ticket attached to luggage for identification

Bag tags, also known as baggage tags, baggage checks or luggage tickets, have traditionally been used by bus, train, and airline carriers to route checked luggage to its final destination. The passenger stub is typically handed to the passenger or attached to the ticket envelope:

  1. to aid the passenger in identifying their bag among similar bags at the destination baggage carousel;
  2. as proof—still requested at a few airports—that the passenger is not removing someone else's bag from the baggage reclaim hall; and
  3. as a means for the passenger and carrier to identify and trace a specific bag that has gone astray and was not delivered at the destination. The carriers' liability is restricted to published tariffs and international agreements.
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marseille Provence Airport</span> International airport serving Marseille, France

Marseille Provence Airport is an international airport located 27 km northwest of Marseille, on the territory of Marignane, both communes of the Bouches-du-Rhône département in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France. The airport's hinterland goes from Gap to Arles and from Toulon to Avignon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport</span> Airport serving Bordeaux, France

Bordeaux–Mérignac Airport is an international airport of Bordeaux, in southwestern France. It is situated in the commune of Mérignac, 12 km (7.5 mi) west of Bordeaux, within the département of the Gironde. It mainly features flights to metropolitan and leisure destinations in Europe, Northern Africa, and Canada, and serves as a base for easyJet and Volotea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Security repercussions due to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot</span>

The 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot was a terrorist plot to detonate liquid explosives, carried aboard airliners travelling from the United Kingdom to the United States and Canada, disguised as soft drinks. The plot was discovered by British Metropolitan police during an extensive surveillance operation. A number of security measures were taken in response to the 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Strasbourg Airport</span> International airport serving Strasbourg, France

Strasbourg Airport is a minor international airport located in Entzheim and 10 km west-southwest of Strasbourg, both communes of the Bas-Rhin département in the Alsace région of France. In 2018, the airport served 1,297,177 passengers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Airport check-in</span> Process of being approved to board an airplane

Airport check-in is the process whereby an airline approves airplane passengers to board an airplane for a flight. Airlines typically use service counters found at airports for this process, and the check-in is normally handled by an airline itself or a handling agent working on behalf of an airline. Passengers usually hand over any baggage that they do not wish or are not allowed to carry in the aircraft's cabin and receive a boarding pass before they can proceed to board their aircraft.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Premium economy class</span> Travel class offered on some airlines

Premium economy class, also known by brand names which vary by company, is a travel class offered on many airlines. It is usually positioned between standard economy class and business class in terms of price, comfort, and available amenities. On December 12, 1992, EVA Air introduced the Economy Deluxe Class on the inaugural flight of its first trans-Pacific route (TPE-LAX), becoming the first airline to offer this class of service. In some countries, this class has emerged as a response from governments and companies requiring economy class for travel done by staff, while still getting some benefits like airport priority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baggage allowance</span> Bags allowed per commercial transportation passenger

On commercial transportation, mostly with airlines, the baggage allowance is the amount of checked baggage or hand/carry-on luggage the company will allow per passenger. There may be limits on the amount that is allowed free of charge and hard limits on the amount that is allowed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 transatlantic aircraft plot</span> Foiled terrorist plot in the United Kingdom

The 2006 transatlantic aircraft plot was a terrorist plot to detonate liquid explosives, carried aboard airliners travelling from the United Kingdom to the United States and Canada, disguised as soft drinks. The plot was discovered by British Metropolitan Police during an extensive surveillance operation. As a result of the plot, unprecedented security measures were initially implemented at airports. The measures were gradually relaxed during the following weeks, but passengers are still not allowed to carry liquid containers larger than 100 ml onto commercial aircraft in their hand luggage in the UK and most other countries, as of 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Air travel with firearms and ammunition</span>

Air travel with firearms and ammunition involves a number of laws, regulations and practices that travelers with firearms or ammunition must comply with and should be familiar with before travel. The main rules are set by the International Air Transport Association (IATA), but there are a number of local variations between airlines and local laws that sometimes are conflicting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basic economy class</span> Type of airfare offered by airlines

Basic economy class is a travel class offered by a number of airlines. The class has superseded economy class as the cheapest airfare option for passengers and generally comes with more restrictions when compared to standard economy fares. Restrictions vary between different airlines, but they generally include not allowing passengers to change or cancel tickets or select seats for free. They are seen as a strategy for market segmentation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baggage sizer</span> Device to measure hand baggage

A baggage sizer, also known as a bag sizer, is a piece of furniture that is used primarily at airport check-in desks and boarding gates to assist and inform passengers and airport ground staff of baggage size limits for personal and cabin luggage or bags.

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