The history of Tasmania begins at the end of the Last Glacial Period (approximately 12,000 years ago) when it is believed that the island was joined to the Australian mainland. Little is known of the human history of the island until the British colonisation of Tasmania in the 19th century.
Tasmania was inhabited by an Indigenous population, the Aboriginal Tasmanians, and evidence indicates their presence in the territory, later to become an island, at least 35,000 years ago.[citation needed] At the time of the British occupation and colonisation in 1803 the Indigenous population was estimated at between 3000 and 10,000. Historian Lyndall Ryan's analysis of population studies led her to conclude that there were about 7000 spread throughout the island's nine nations;[1] Nicholas Clements, citing research by N.J.B. Plomley and Rhys Jones, settled on a figure of 3000 to 4000.[2]
The combination of the so-called Black War, internecine conflict and, from the late 1820s, the spread of infectious diseases to which they had no immunity,[3] reduced the population to about 300 by 1833. Almost all of the Indigenous population was relocated to Flinders Island by George Augustus Robinson. Until the 1970s, most people thought that the last surviving Tasmanian Aboriginal person was Truganini,[4] who died in 1876. However, this "extinction" was a myth, as documented by Lyndall Ryan in 1991.[5]
Seventeenth century map of Tasmania, showing the parts seen by Tasman.Melchisedech Thevenot (1620?–1692): Map of New Holland 1644, based on a map by the Dutch cartographer Joan Blaeu.
The first reported sighting of Tasmania by a European was on 24 November 1642 by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman, who named the island Anthoonij van Diemenslandt, after his sponsor, the Governor of the Dutch East Indies. The name was later shortened to Van Diemen's Land by the British. In 1772, a French expedition led by Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne landed on the island. Captain James Cook also sighted the island in 1777, and numerous other European seafarers made landfalls, adding a colourful array to the names of topographical features.
The first settlement was by the British at Risdon Cove on the eastern bank of the Derwent estuary in 1803, by a small party sent from Sydney, under Lt. John Bowen. An alternative settlement was established by Capt. David Collins 5km to the south in 1804 in Sullivans Cove on the western side of the Derwent, where fresh water was more plentiful. The latter settlement became known as Hobart Town, later shortened to Hobart, after the British Colonial Secretary of the time, Lord Hobart. The settlement at Risdon was later abandoned.
The early settlers were mostly convicts and their military guards, with the task of developing agriculture and other industries. Numerous other convict settlements were made in Van Diemens Land, including secondary prisons, such as the particularly harsh penal colonies at Port Arthur in the south-east and Macquarie Harbour on the West Coast. The Aboriginal resistance to this invasion was so strong, that troops were deployed across much of Tasmania to drive the Aboriginal people into captivity on nearby islands.
Timeline
Pre-1800
Date unknown (BC): Mouheneener band of South-East Tasmanian Aboriginal peoples settle in what is now the Hobart area
1798: Explorers George Bass and Matthew Flinders visit Derwent as part of circumnavigation of Van Diemen's Land; Bass climbs at least part of Mount Wellington (then known as Table Mountain) on Christmas Day
1798: Adventure Bay became the site of a whaling station, then later on a Timber station.[6]
1800–1809
Group of natives of Tasmania
1802: French explorer Nicolas Baudin surveys Derwent during month-long visit to South-East Tasmania, on which his party makes extensive notes on Aboriginal people, plants and animals.
1804: Lieutenant-Colonel David Collins' 262-member party lands at Sullivans Cove in February; the settlement, which becomes known as Hobart Town, grows to 433 with arrival in June of rest of his Port Phillip party.
1804: Soldiers temporarily refuse guard duties at Risdon amid fears of convict rebellion.
1804: Aboriginal people killed in Risdon affray and settlement there abandoned.
1807: Lieutenant Thomas Laycock leads five-man party on first overland journey from Launceston to Hobart, taking nine days, mainly to seek supplies for the northern settlement.
1809: Deposed New South Wales Governor William Bligh arrives in Hobart and temporarily disrupts David Collins' authority as lieutenant-governor.
1809: Floods in Derwent
1810–1819
Hobart Town chain gangProclamation issued in 1816 to promote friendship between Aboriginal and white people , though it had little effect
1810: David Collins dies suddenly, Lieutenant Edward Lord takes over and first of three administrators pending appointment of second lieutenant-governor.
1810: First church, St David's, built
1810: Colony's first flour mill built beside Rivulet between Murray St and Elizabeth St, operated by Edward Lord and William Collins
1810: Administration launches colony's first newspaper, the Derwent Star and Van Diemen's Land Intelligencer
1814: Lieutenant-governor's court created to deal with small personal financial disputes.
1814: Governor Lachlan Macquarie offers amnesty to bushrangers
1814: Ship Argo disappears after seizure by convicts in Derwent
1815: Michael Howe's bushranging gang kills two settlers in New Norfolk raid
1815: Lieutenant-Governor Thomas Davey declares martial law against all bushrangers, mainly escaped convicts, with some military deserters; Governor Lachlan Macquarie later revokes order.
1815: Captain James Kelly circumnavigates island in whaleboat
1815: First Van Diemen's Land wheat shipment to Sydney.
1816: First emigrant ship arrives with free settlers from England
1817: Weekly mail service begins between Hobart and Launceston
1817: Work starts on new St David's Church, replacing earlier structure blown down in storm
1817: First convict ships arrive directly from England
1817: New Government House occupied in Macquarie St, on site of present Town Hall, lower Elizabeth St and Franklin Square.
1818: Government opens flour mill in Hobart
1818: Soldiers and convict kill bushranger Michael Howe on banks of Shannon River
In 1820, Tasmanian roads were first macadamised and carthorses began to replace bullocks. In the same year, the first substantial jail was completed on the corner of Macquarie Street and Murray Street; and merino sheep arrived from John Macarthur's stud in New South Wales. 1820 also saw the first Wesleyan (Methodist) meeting in the colony. The following year marked the arrival of the first Catholic clergyman, Father Phillip Conolly; and on his second visit, Governor Lachlan Macquarie chose sites for Perth, Campbell Town, Ross, Oatlands, Sorell and Brighton. In 1821, officials and convicts left Port Dalrymple to establish Macquarie Harbour penal settlement at Sarah Island.
1822 was the first year Van Diemen's Land Agricultural Society held a meeting in Hobart. In 1823 the Presbyterian Church's first official ministry in Australia occurred in Hobart and the first Tasmanian bank, Bank of Van Diemen's Land, was established.
The inauguration of the Supreme Court occurred in 1824, as did the opening of Cascade Brewery, Australia's longest continuously operating Brewery. Convict Alexander Pearce was hanged after escaping twice from Macquarie Harbour and surviving by eating his companions. Convict Matthew Brady began his bushranging career after escaping from Macquarie Harbour.
On 3 December 1825, Van Diemen's Land became independent from New South Wales with an appointed Executive Council, its own judicial establishment, and Legislative Council. Also in that year, the Richmond Bridge, Australia's oldest existing bridge, was opened; and a party of soldiers and convicts established Maria Island penal settlement
In 1826, Van Diemen's Land Company launched the North-West pastoral and agricultural development at Circular Head; and the Tasmanian Turf Club was established. Settler John Batman, later one of Melbourne's founders, helped capture bushranger Matthew Brady near Launceston. Hobart experienced a disease epidemic which was blamed on rivulet pollution. A courthouse was built on the corner of Macquarie Street and Murray Street; and street lighting with oil lamps was introduced. 1826 was also the year that the Legislative Council met formally for the first time.
1827 saw the first regatta-style events on Derwent River; and Van Diemen's Land Company began settlement at Emu Bay (now Burnie).
A proclamation made in 1828 by Lieutenant-Governor George Arthur excluded Aboriginal people from settled areas and was the year of the Cape Grim massacre. In 1828, martial law was also declared against Aboriginal people in settled areas after Van Diemen's Land Company shepherds killed 30 Aboriginal people at Cape Grim. Regular mail services to and from Sydney began. That year also saw widespread floods. The following year a jail for women convicts ("female factory") opened at Cascades; "Protector" George Augustus Robinson started an Aboriginal mission at Bruny Island, convicts seized the brig Cyprus at Recherche Bay and sailed to China; Van Diemen's Land Scientific Society was formed under patronage of Lieutenant-Governor George Arthur; and a Hobart-New Norfolk coach service began.
1830–1839
A map of Tasmania from 1837.
1830: George Augustus Robinson starts reconciliation efforts with Aboriginal people by visiting west coast
1830: Samuel Anderson, Pioneer Settler, arrives in Hobart aboard the Lang, employed as book keeper with Van Diemens Land Co. Will go on to establish the third permanent settlement in Victoria at Westernport.
1830: Administration launches "Black Line" military campaign across most of colony to round up Aboriginal people; in seven weeks two are shot and two are captured
1831: New land regulations discontinue free land grants, replacing them with sales
1832: George Augustus Robinson arrives in Hobart with Aboriginal people from Oyster Bay and Big River tribes, the last Aboriginal people removed from European-settled areas; Wybalenna, Flinders Island, chosen for Aboriginal resettlement site.
1832: Ends of martial law against Aboriginal people
1843: Bushranger Martin Cash captured in Hobart, his death sentence was commuted and he was later pardoned
1844: First Catholic bishop, Robert Willson, arrives
1844: Formation of Royal Society of Tasmania, first branch outside Britain, as development of society founded in 1837 by Sir John Franklin; society branch takes over botanical gardens
1844: Norfolk Island, formerly administered by NSW, comes under Tasmanian control
1845: Emigrant ship Cataraqui wrecked near King Island, 406 lives lost
1845: Hobart Savings Bank opens
1845: Jewish community consecrates Hobart Synagogue, Australia's oldest
1845: Artist John Skinner Prout organises first known Australian exhibition of pictures in Hobart
1846: Absconding Act introduced to detain escaping convicts.[7]
1846: Foundation of the Hutchins School and Launceston Grammar School
1846: Lieutenant-governor Sir John Eardley-Wilmot dismissed, allegedly for failure to suppress convict homosexuality
1868: First royal visit, during which Prince Alfred (Duke of Edinburgh) lays foundation stone for St David's Cathedral and turns first sod for Tasmania's first railway, Launceston-Deloraine line, built by a private company.
1868: With Education Act, Tasmania becomes first Australian colony to have compulsory state education system, administered by local school boards
1869: Death of William Lanne ("King Billy"), reputedly the last full blood Tasmanian Aboriginal man; whose remains were disrespected horribly after disagreement over who should have his remains.
1893: Government establishes Tasmanian Tourist Association
1894: Hobart international exhibition opens
1894: Government introduces flat-rate income tax system
1895: The premiers conference in Hobart discusses proposals for federal constitution and plebiscite.
1895: Launceston becomes first southern hemisphere city to get electric light after first Tasmanian hydro-electric station opens at Duck Reach on South Esk River
1896: Entrepreneur George Adams launches Tattersalls lottery venture in Hobart; first lottery held to dispose of assets of failed Bank of Van Diemen's Land
1909: Guy Fawkes Day (5 November) fire destroy Hobart market, City Hall later built on site
1909: First statewide use of Hare-Clark voting system elects first Labor government, led by John Earle; government lasts only one week, with return of conservatives
1932: Former premier Joseph Lyons becomes prime minister, only Tasmanian to hold that office
1933: Commonwealth Grants Commission appointed to inquire into affairs of claimant states, including Tasmania
1934: Holyman Airways (a forerunner of Ansett) launches Launceston–Melbourne service, within months, company plane Miss Hobart disappears over Bass Strait with loss of 12 people, including proprietor Victor Holyman
1934: Election of government led by Albert Ogilvie starts 35 years of continuous Labor governments
1935: Five die when Holyman Airways plane Loina crashes off Flinders Island.
1935: Hobart gets first electric trolley buses
1935: Legislation for three-year state parliament terms
1936: SS Paringa sinks in Bass Strait while towing tanker, 31 die
1940: German naval raiders Pinguin and Atlantis lay mines off Hobart and other Australian areas. Hobart closed to shipping because of mine threat; Bass Strait closed after mine sinks British steamer Cambridge.
1948: Margaret McIntyre wins Legislative Council seat in May, becoming the first woman member of Tasmanian Parliament; airliner crash in NSW in September kills her and 12 others.
1948: Robert Cosgrove resumes premiership after acquittal on corruption and bribery charges
1948: ABC forms Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra on permanent basis
1948: Fire destroys Ocean Pier
1948: Antarctic research station established on Macquarie Island
1949: Poliomyelitis epidemic
1949: Government introduces compulsory X-rays in fight against tuberculosis
1949: Tasmanian politician Dame Enid Lyons, widow of former prime minister Joseph Lyons, becomes first woman to reach federal ministry rank, as Executive Council vice-president
1954: Queen Elizabeth II becomes first reigning monarch to visit state, accompanied by Prince Philip. As part of 150th anniversary celebrations, she unveils monument to pioneer British settlers
1954: Hobart Rivulet area damaged as severe floods affect southern and eastern Tasmania
1954: Metropolitan Transport Trust formed
1954: Tattersalls Lotteries moves headquarters from Hobart to Melbourne
1954: Spouses of property owners get right to vote in Legislative Council elections
1955: First ingot poured at Bell Bay aluminium refinery
1955: Labor Party's federal conference in Hobart brings Australian Labor Party split over industrial groups to head, leading to formation of Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist), later Democratic Labor Party
1956: University of Tasmania Council dismisses Professor Sydney Orr, alleging improper conduct by him with female student; Orr launches unsuccessful court action against university for wrongful dismissal
1956: Tasmania gets first woman mayor, Dorothy Edwards of Launceston
1957: Water Act establishes Rivers and Water Supply Commission
1958: Hobart waterside works block two Australian Labor Party (Anti-Communist) members, father Frank Hursey and son Denis, from working in dispute over their objection to paying union levy that would partly go to ALP; police guard Hurseys after court order; Supreme Court awards them damages
1971: First state Aboriginal conference held in Launceston
1972: Conservationists lose battle to prevent flooding of Lake Pedder in South-West for hydro-electric scheme
1972: Liberal-Centre Party coalition government collapses
1972: Tasmanian College of Advanced Education opens in Hobart
1972: Ferry Princess of Tasmania makes last Tasmanian voyage
1972: Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre opens at Tasmanian Aboriginal Information Centre
1973: Coastal freighter Blythe Star sinks with loss of three men, seven survivors spend eight days adrift in lifeboat before coming ashore on Forestier Peninsula
1973: Sir Stanley Burbury, formerly chief justice, becomes first Australian-born governor of Tasmania
1974: Three die when boiler explosion demolishes laundry at Mt St Canice Convent, Sandy Bay
1974: Tasmanian workers under state wages board awards get four weeks annual leave; woman awarded equal pay
1974: Hobart suburban rail services cease
1975: Freighter MV Lake Illawarra crashes into Tasman Bridge, causing 12 deaths and bringing down part of bridge; temporary Bailey bridge put across Derwent
1976: Freight equalisation scheme subsidises sea cargo to and from state
1977: Repaired Tasman Bridge reopens to traffic
1977: Royal visit, during which Aboriginal activist Michael Mansell presents the Queen with land rights claim
1977: Tasmanian Film Corporation launched
1978: Australian National Railways takes over Tasmanian rail system; Tasman Limited ceases operations, ending regular passenger train services in state
1978: Hydro-Electric Commission proposes power scheme involving Gordon, Franklin and King rivers
1979: Tasmanian College of Advanced Education moves to Launceston
1981: Plebiscite on preferred new hydro-electric power development scheme shows 47% of voters favour Gordon-below-Franklin development, 8% prefer Gordon-above-Olga, with 45% casting informal votes, including 'no dams' write-ins.
1982: Tasmanians elect Liberals as government in their own right for first time in state's history
1983: Federal regulations block Franklin Dam construction; High Court rules in favour of federal sovereignty, ending the proposed Gordon-below-Franklin scheme
1983: Tasmanian Aboriginal Land Council established
1988: International fleet of about 200 sailing, cruise and naval ships from about 20 countries calls at Hobart as part of Australian Bicentennial celebrations; more than 150 leave on race to Sydney
1989: State election ends with Labor-Green accord involving five independents; their no-confidence vote in Robin Gray's minority Liberal government gives Labor's Michael Field premiership
1990–1999
1990: Sea Cat Tasmania, built in Hobart by Incat, begins summer crossings of Bass Strait
1992: State's unemployment rate reaches 12.2% as jobs decline in public and private sectors; rallies of angry workers force temporary closure of House of Assembly
1993: State Government reduces total of municipalities from 46 to 29, number of departments from 17 to 12
1994: End to 80 years of dam building as state's last power station, Tribute, opens near Tullah
1994: HMAS Huon naval base decommissioned
1995: All-day Saturday shop trading begins
1995: Government announces legislation to transfer 38km2 of culturally significant land to Aboriginal community, including Risdon Cove and Oyster Cove
1995: States unemployment rate falls to 9.6% as number of Tasmanians in work sets record
1996 (28 April): Gunman Martin Bryant kills 35 people and injures 20 more in shooting rampage at Port Arthur historic site; Supreme Court sentences him to life imprisonment
1996: Former federal Liberal minister Peter Nixon heads Commonwealth state inquiry into Tasmanian economy
1997: Tasmania becomes first state to formally apologise to Aboriginal community for past actions connected with the 'stolen generation'.
1999: Wild winds and heavy rain caused chaos across Tasmania, one casualty being the Ferris Wheel at the Royal Hobart Regatta which blew over onto the Gee Whizzer ride. 113km/h winds in Hobart, 158km/h winds on Mount Wellington.
1999: Tasmanian cricketer David Boon announced his retirement from Sheffield Shield cricket
March 1999: Tasmania is almost booked out for the millennium New Year's Eve party—a once-in-1000-year event for Tasmania's key resorts, hotels, motels and restaurants
1999: Albanian refugees from Kosovo housed at Brighton military camp, renamed Tasmanian Peace Haven
1999: Legislation passed to give Aboriginal community control of Wybalenna, Flinders Island
2002 (12 October): Tasmanian Tim Hawkins killed in Bali bombing
2002: Deregulated shop trading hours begin
2003 (January): People urged by Tasmanian Fire Service to abandon their Australia Day long-weekend plans and prepare their homes for a potential firestorm as a number of fires pose the worst fire threat in 30 years
2003: Tasmania passed some of the most progressive relationship laws in the world including same-sex adoptions and registration of 'significant' relationships
Robson, L. L. (1983). A History of Tasmania. Volume I. Van Diemen's Land From the Earliest Times to 1855. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-554364-5.
Robson, L. L. (1991). A History of Tasmania. Volume II. Colony and State From 1856 to the 1980s. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-553031-4.
Fenton, James. A history of Tasmania from its discovery in 1642 to the present time. London: Macmillan and Co., 1884. (link)
Hobart is the capital and most populous city of the island state of Tasmania, Australia. Located in Tasmania's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent, it is the southernmost capital city in Australia. Despite containing nearly half of Tasmania's population, Hobart is the least-populated Australian state capital city, and second-smallest by area after Darwin if territories are taken into account. Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre (4,170 ft) kunanyi / Mount Wellington, and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world, with much of the city's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land. The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart, to differentiate it from the City of Hobart, one of the seven local government areas that cover the city. It has a mild maritime climate.
Tasmania is an island state of Australia. It is located 240 kilometres to the south of the Australian mainland, and is separated from it by the Bass Strait. The state encompasses the main island of Tasmania, the 26th-largest island in the world, and the surrounding 1000 islands. It is Australia's least populous state, with 569,825 residents as of December 2021. The state capital and largest city is Hobart, with around 40% of the population living in the Greater Hobart area. Tasmania is the most decentralised state in Australia, with the lowest proportion of its residents living within its capital city.
Van Diemen's Land was the colonial name of the island of Tasmania used by the British during the European exploration and colonisation of Australia in the 19th century. The island was previously discovered and named by the Dutch in 1642. Explorer Abel Tasman discovered the island, working under the sponsorship of Anthony van Diemen, the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. The British retained the name when they established a settlement in 1803 before it became a separate colony in 1825. Its penal colonies became notorious destinations for the transportation of convicts due to the harsh environment, isolation and reputation for being inescapable.
The River Derwent, also known as timtumili minanya in palawa kani, is a significant river and tidal estuary in Tasmania, Australia. It begins its journey as a freshwater river in the Central Highlands at Lake St Clair, descending over 700 metres (2,300 ft) across a distance of more than 200 kilometres (120 mi). At the settlement of New Norfolk in the Derwent Valley its waters become brackish, flowing through Hobart, the capital city of Tasmania, its seawater estuary eventually empties into Storm Bay and the Tasman Sea.
Risdon Cove is a cove located on the east bank of the Derwent River, approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) north of Hobart, Tasmania. It was the site of the first British settlement in Van Diemen's Land, now Tasmania, the island state of Australia. The cove was named by John Hayes, who mapped the river in the ship Duke of Clarence in 1794, after his second officer William Bellamy Risdon.
Clarence City Council is a local government body in Tasmania, and one of the five municipalities that constitutes the Greater Hobart Area. The Clarence local government area has a population of 61,531, covering the eastern shore of the Derwent River from Otago to the South Arm Peninsula and the smaller localities of Cambridge, Richmond, and Seven Mile Beach.
George Town is a large town in north-east Tasmania, on the eastern bank of the mouth of the Tamar River. The Australian Bureau of Statistics records the George Town Municipal Area had a population of 6,764 as of 30 June 2016.
New Norfolk is a town on the River Derwent, in the south-east of Tasmania, Australia. With a population of 6,153 in 2021, New Norfolk is the principal township of the Derwent Valley region. Located within the Derwent Valley Council, New Norfolk is situated 32 kilometres (20 mi) north-west of the state capital Hobart on the Lyell Highway and classified as part of the Greater Hobart statistical area.
The Tasman Highway is a highway in Tasmania, Australia. Like the Midland Highway, it connects the major cities of Hobart and Launceston – however it takes a different route, via the north-eastern and eastern coasts of the state. The Highway also acts as a major commuter road to Hobart residents living on the eastern side of the Derwent River. The designation "Tasman Highway" arises from its location facing the Tasman Sea – named, like the state itself, after Abel Tasman. The highway is one of the longest in Tasmania – 410 km (250 mi), with an average travelling time of 41⁄2 hours.
Geilston Bay is a largely residential suburb of Hobart between Risdon Vale, Shag Bay, and Lindisfarne, in the City of Clarence located on the Eastern Shore of the Derwent River, taking its name from an inlet of that river of the same name. The inlet and locality were sometimes known by the alternative name "Limekiln Bay" on account of lime kilns which operated there between approximately the 1830s and the 1920s, the remains of which remained visible for some decades thereafter; another early name for the Bay was "James's Bay". The present suburb name derives from an early land holding "Geils Town" in the region purchased by Andrew Geils, Commandant of Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania) for a brief period in 1812-1813, who subsequently left his Australian holdings behind when he moved back to Scotland.
The West Coast of Tasmania has a significant convict heritage. The use of the west coast as an outpost to house convicts in isolated penal settlements occurred in the eras 1822–33, and 1846–47.
Between 1788 and 1868 the British penal system transported about 162,000 convicts from Great Britain, Ireland, Canada, India, New Zealand, Hong Kong, the West Indies and Mauritius to various penal colonies in Australia.
The modern history of the Australian city of Hobart in Tasmania dates to its foundation as a British colony in 1804. Prior to British settlement, the area had been occupied definitively for at least 8,000 years, and possibly for as long as 35,000 years, by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe, a sub-group of the Nuenonne, or South-East tribe. The descendants of theses indigenous Tasmanians now refer to themselves as 'Palawa'. Little is known about the region from prehistoric times. As with many other Australia cities, urbanisation has destroyed much of the archaeological evidence of indigenous occupation, although aboriginal middens are often still present in coastal areas.
The following lists events that happened during 1804 in Australia.
Campbell Town is a town in Tasmania, Australia, on the Midland Highway. At the 2021 census, the town had a population of 823.
The Lieutenant Governor's Court was a court established in the early 19th century in the colony of Van Diemen's Land which subsequently became Tasmania, a state of Australia. The court had jurisdiction to deal with civil disputes where the amount in dispute was not more than £50 sterling in the colony. The establishment of the court was the first practical civil court in the settlement. This was an important first step in improving the resolution of civil disputes in the settlement. The Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land eventually replaced it in 1823 when the court's charter was revoked by the Third Charter of Justice.
Mount Heemskirk is a mountain in Western Tasmania, west of the West Coast Range. It has an elevation of 751 metres (2,464 ft) above sea level. The closest town is Zeehan, about 14 kilometres (9 mi) away.
The Colony of Tasmania was a British colony that existed on the island of Tasmania from 1856 until 1901, when it federated together with the five other Australian colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia. The possibility of the colony was established when the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed the Australian Constitutions Act in 1850, granting the right of legislative power to each of the six Australian colonies. The Legislative Council of Van Diemen's Land drafted a new constitution which they passed in 1854, and it was given royal assent by Queen Victoria in 1855. Later in that year the Privy Council approved the colony changing its name from "Van Diemen's Land" to "Tasmania", and in 1856, the newly elected bicameral parliament of Tasmania sat for the first time, establishing Tasmania as a self-governing colony of the British Empire. Tasmania was often referred to as one of the "most British" colonies of the Empire.
William Buelow Gould was a painter born in the United Kingdom and later working in Van Diemen's Land. He was transported to Australia as a convict in 1827, after which he would become one of the most important early artists in the colony, despite never really separating himself from his life of crime.
The British colonisation of Tasmania took place between 1803 and 1830. Known as Van Diemen's Land, the name changed to Tasmania, when the British government granted self-governance in 1856. It was a colony from 1856 until 1901, at which time it joined five other colonies to form the Commonwealth of Australia. By the end of the colonisation in 1830 the British Empire had annexed large parts of mainland Australia, and all of Tasmania.
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