Hurricane Norma (2023)

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Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

An area of low pressure formed south of the southern coast of Mexico on October 15, producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms. [2] The showers and thunderstorms associated with the disturbance gradually became better organized as it moved parallel with the southwestern coast of Mexico, and by the afternoon of October 17, had developed enough to be classified as Tropical Storm Norma. [3] Norma quickly intensified, and by the following morning was generating intense inner-core convection. Consequently, a ring of very cold cloud tops had formed around its center, within which a ragged eye had emerged. [4] Norma then rapidly intensified from a high-end tropical storm to Category 4 hurricane by the next morning. During the 24‑hour period ending 15:00 UTC on October 19, its maximum sustained winds rose from 70 mph (115 km/h) to 130 mph (210 km/h). [5] Later, moderate wind shear caused the system to weaken below major hurricane strength as it approached the southern end of the Baja California peninsula on the morning of October 21. [6] Shortly after 20:00 UTC that afternoon, the storm made landfall with sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) about 15 mi (25 km) west-northwest of Cabo San Lucas. [7] Later, after moving offshore over the Gulf of California, strong wind shear enabled dry mid-level air to penetrate the circulation from the northwest, weakening the system to a tropical depression as it approached the coast of Sinaloa. [8] The system made its final landfall at about 16:30 UTC on October 23, near El Dorado, Sinaloa, and soon degenerated into a remnant low. [9]

Preparations and impact

Tropical storm and hurricane warnings were issued in advance of Norma’s landfalls, with the NHC anticipating rainfall totals of up to 18 in (460 mm) across portions of northwestern Mexico. [10] Schools were closed across the states of Baja California Sur and Sinaloa. Los Cabos International Airport and La Paz International Airport were also shut down in advance of the storm. [11] A total of 120 shelters were opened across Sinaloa. [12] Members of the Mexican Navy were deployed by Mexican President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador to assist residents impacted by Norma. [13]

Baja California Sur

Torrential rainfall and strong winds affected Baja California Sur as Norma passed through the state. The intense rainfall led to extreme flooding, with peak accumulations of nearly 19 in (480 mm) in some areas. [14] Several wind gusts of over 90 mph (145 km/h) were recorded across the state, peaking at 107 mph (170 km/h) at a weather station on the outskirts of Cabo San Lucas. [15] Numerous streets and canals across La Paz flooded as Norma passed through Baja California Sur. Strong winds from Norma blew down numerous trees and palapas. Additionally, many sailboats and yachts were damaged in their piers along the city's coast. [11] [13] The port of La Paz was closed, leaving over 400 people stranded onboard a ferry crossing the Gulf of California from Sinaloa. [16] Downed utility poles in Cabo San Lucas disrupted electrical service to over 10,000 people. [17] A disaster declaration was issued by the governor of Baja California Sur, Víctor Manuel Castro Cosío, due to the extensive damage Norma wrought to public infrastructure in southern regions of the state. [18] Three stores in La Paz suffered MXN$80–90 thousand (USD$4.6–5.2 thousand) worth of damage. [19]

Infrastructural damage across Baja California Sur reached MXN$200 million (USD$11.1 million), according to Governor Castro. The governor also stated that he was not anticipating financial assistance from the Mexican federal government to cover the cost of damage produced by Norma. [20] [21]

Sinaloa

Norma dumped heavy rainfall and caused widespread power outages across southern areas of Sinaloa as it made landfall on the state as a tropical depression. [11] Peak accumulations of 12 in (300 mm) fell near where Norma's center came ashore. [14] Three people died in the state, including two in vehicle-related accidents and a 3-year-old child due to electrocution. Broken glass, fallen trees and damage to homes and business was reported, mainly in the municipalities of Los Mochis, Ahome and Guasave. [12] The hurricane caused infrastructural damages totaling MXN$220.5 million (USD$12.2 million) across Sinaloa, damaging several roads and four bridges, as well as causing eighteen sinkholes to form across thirteen municipalities. [22]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ A major hurricane is a hurricane that reaches Category 3 status or higher on the Saffir-Simpson scale
  2. ↑ All monetary values converted using exchangerates.org, based on exchange rates for October 30, 2023

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1981 Pacific hurricane season</span> Hurricane season in the Pacific Ocean

The 1981 Pacific hurricane season was a slightly below average Pacific hurricane season. The season officially started on May 15 in the eastern Pacific basin and June 1 in the central Pacific basin. Both basins' seasons ended on November 30; these dates conventionally delimit the period during which most tropical cyclones form in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. The first tropical cyclone of the season was designated on May 30, and the final storm of the season, Hurricane Otis, dissipated on October 30. The season produced fifteen named storms and a total of eight hurricanes, which was near normal. However, the total of one major hurricane was below the average of three.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Paul (1982)</span> Category 2 Pacific hurricane in 1982

Hurricane Paul was a particularly deadly and destructive Pacific hurricane which killed a total of 1,625 people and caused US$520 million in damage. The sixteenth named storm and tenth hurricane of the 1982 Pacific hurricane season, Paul developed as a tropical depression just offshore Central America on September 18. The depression briefly moved inland two days later just before heading westward out to sea. The storm changed little in strength for several days until September 25, when it slowly intensified into a tropical storm. Two days later, Paul attained hurricane status, and further strengthened to Category 2 intensity after turning northward. The hurricane then accelerated toward the northeast, reaching peak winds of 110 mph (175 km/h). Paul made landfall over Baja California Sur on September 29, and subsequently moved ashore in Sinaloa the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Marty (2003)</span> Category 2 Pacific hurricane in 2003

Hurricane Marty was a Category 2 Pacific hurricane that caused extensive flooding and damage in northwestern Mexico just weeks after Hurricane Ignacio took a similar course. Marty was the thirteenth named storm, fourth hurricane, and the deadliest tropical cyclone of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season. Forming on September 18, it became the 13th tropical storm and fourth hurricane of the year. The storm moved generally northwestward and steadily intensified despite only a marginally favorable environment for development, and became a Category 2 hurricane before making two landfalls on the Baja California peninsula and mainland Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Paul (2006)</span> Category 2 Pacific hurricane in 2006

Hurricane Paul was a Category 2 Pacific hurricane that struck Mexico as a tropical depression in October 2006. The seventeenth named storm and tenth hurricane of the annual hurricane season, Paul developed from an area of disturbed weather on October 21. The cyclone slowly intensified as it moved into an area of warm waters and progressively decreasing wind shear. Paul attained hurricane status on October 23, and later that day the storm reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (169 km/h), a strong Category 2 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson scale. A strong trough turned the hurricane to the north and northeast into an area of strong vertical shear, and Paul weakened to a tropical storm on October 24. It accelerated northeastward, and after passing a short distance south of Baja California Sur the low level circulation became decoupled from the rest of the convection. Paul weakened to a tropical depression on October 25 a short distance off the coast of Mexico, and after briefly turning away from the coast it made landfall on northwestern Sinaloa on October 26. The depression dissipated shortly thereafter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Ignacio (2003)</span> Category 2 Pacific hurricane in 2003

Hurricane Ignacio was the latest-forming first hurricane of a Pacific hurricane season since reliable satellite observation began in 1966. The ninth tropical storm of the 2003 Pacific hurricane season, Ignacio developed out of a tropical wave on August 22 a short distance off the coast of Mexico. It was initially predicted to track out to sea and remain a weak tropical storm, though it unexpectedly organized rapidly to attain peak winds of 105 mph (169 km/h) on August 24 while located a short distance southeast of southern Baja California Sur. Land interaction weakened Ignacio to an 80 mph (130 km/h) hurricane by the time it made landfall near La Paz, and it dissipated on August 27 in the central Baja California peninsula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Isis (1998)</span> Category 1 Pacific hurricane in 1998

Hurricane Isis was the only hurricane to make landfall during the 1998 Pacific hurricane season. The ninth tropical storm and sixth hurricane of the season, Isis developed on September 1 from an interaction between a tropical wave and a large surface circulation to the southwest of Mexico. It moved northward, striking the extreme southeastern portion of the Baja California peninsula before attaining hurricane status in the Gulf of California. Isis made landfall at Topolobampo in the Mexican state of Sinaloa on September 3, and quickly lost its low-level circulation. The remnants persisted for several days before dissipating over the U.S. state of Idaho on September 8.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Lester (1992)</span> Category 1 Pacific hurricane in 1992

Hurricane Lester was the first Pacific tropical cyclone to enter the United States as a tropical storm since 1967. The fourteenth named storm and eighth hurricane of the 1992 Pacific hurricane season, Lester formed on August 20 from a tropical wave southwest of Mexico. The tropical storm moved generally northwestward while steadily intensifying. After turning to the north, approaching the Mexican coast, Lester attained hurricane status. The hurricane reached peak winds of 85 mph (137 km/h) before making landfall on west-central Baja California. The system weakened while moving across the peninsula and then over northwestern Mexico. Not long after entering Arizona, Lester weakened to a tropical depression, and degenerated into an extratropical low on August 24, 1992, over New Mexico. The storm's remnants later merged with the remnants of Hurricane Andrew and another frontal system on August 29.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Fausto (1996)</span> Category 3 Pacific hurricane in 1996

Hurricane Fausto was a Pacific hurricane that caused light damage to Baja California Sur in September 1996. On September 10, a tropical depression developed a short distance south-southeast of the Mexican Riviera. Slowly intensifying, Fuasto paralleled the coastline. It became a hurricane on September 12, and after briefly reaching major hurricane intensity, increasing wind shear resulted in a weakening trend. It traversed Baja California Sur on September 13 as minimal hurricane, and struck Sinaloa the next day. Inland, it degenerated into a remnant circulation by September 15. Fausto's remnants continued moving eastward across the Gulf of Mexico and later emerged into the Atlantic, before developing into a large nor'easter on September 17. Afterward, the system moved northeastward, before it was last noted on September 18.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Norbert (2008)</span> Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 2008

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Norman (2012)</span> Pacific tropical storm in 2012

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Paul (2012)</span> Category 3 Pacific hurricane in 2012

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Odile</span> Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 2014

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Blanca (2015)</span> Pacific hurricane in 2015

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Newton (2016)</span> Category 1 Pacific hurricane in 2016

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Lidia (2017)</span> Pacific tropical storm

Tropical Storm Lidia was a large tropical cyclone that caused flooding in Baja California Peninsula and parts of western Mexico. The fourteenth tropical cyclone and twelfth named storm of the 2017 Pacific hurricane season, Lidia developed from a large area of disturbed weather west of the Pacific Coast of Mexico on August 31. The storm intensified while moving generally northward or northwestward, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 65 mph (105 km/h) later that day. On September 1, Lidia made landfall in Mexico near Puerto Chale, Baja California Sur, at peak intensity. The storm weakened while traversing the peninsula, ultimately emerging over the Pacific Ocean on September 3, where the storm degenerated into a remnant low. The system brought thunderstorms and wind gusts to Southern California, before dissipating on September 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Lorena (2019)</span> Category 1 Pacific hurricane in 2019

Hurricane Lorena was a strong Pacific hurricane in September 2019 that brought heavy rainfall, flooding, and mudslides to Southwestern Mexico and the Baja California Peninsula and also brought severe weather to the U.S. state of Arizona. Lorena was the thirteenth named storm and seventh and final hurricane of the 2019 Pacific hurricane season. A tropical wave, originally from the North Atlantic, entered the East Pacific basin on September 16. With increasing thunderstorm development, Lorena formed as a tropical storm on September 17 alongside Tropical Storm Mario. Lorena made its passage northwestward and quickly gained strength before it made landfall as a Category 1 hurricane in Jalisco on September 19. Due to interaction with the mountainous terrain, Lorena weakened back to a tropical storm. After moving into the warm ocean temperatures of the Gulf of California, however, Lorena re-strengthened into a hurricane, and reached its peak intensity with 1-minute sustained winds of 85 mph (137 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 985 millibars (29.1 inHg) Lorena made a second landfall in the Mexican state of Baja California Sur, and quickly weakened thereafter. Lorena weakened to a tropical storm over the Gulf of California, and became a remnant low on September 22, shortly after making landfall in Sonora as a tropical depression. The remnant low moved inland over Mexico, and eventually dissipated inland over Arizona on September 24.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Genevieve (2020)</span> Category 4 Pacific hurricane in 2020

Hurricane Genevieve was a strong tropical cyclone that almost made landfall on the Baja California Peninsula in August 2020. Genevieve was the twelfth tropical cyclone, eighth named storm, third hurricane, and second major hurricane of the 2020 Pacific hurricane season. The cyclone formed from a tropical wave that the National Hurricane Center (NHC) first started monitoring on August 10. The wave merged with a trough of low pressure on August 13, and favorable conditions allowed the wave to intensify into Tropical Depression Twelve-E at 15:00 UTC. Just six hours later, the depression became a tropical storm and was given the name Genevieve. Genevieve quickly became a hurricane by August 17, and Genevieve began explosive intensification the next day. By 12:00 UTC on August 18, Genevieve reached its peak intensity as a Category 4 hurricane, with maximum 1-minute sustained winds of 130 mph and a minimum central pressure of 950 millibars (28 inHg). Genevieve began to weaken on the next day, possibly due to cooler waters caused by Hurricane Elida earlier that month. Genevieve weakened below tropical storm status around 18:00 UTC on August 20, as it passed close to Baja California Sur. Soon afterward, Genevieve began to lose its deep convection and became a post-tropical cyclone by 21:00 UTC on August 21, eventually dissipating off the coast of Southern California late on August 24.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Pacific hurricane season</span> Hurricane season in the Pacific Ocean

The 2023 Pacific hurricane season was an active and destructive Pacific hurricane season. In the Eastern Pacific basin, 17 named storms formed; 10 of those became hurricanes, of which 8 strengthened into major hurricanes – double the seasonal average. In the Central Pacific basin, no tropical cyclones formed, though four entered into the basin from the east. Collectively, the season had an above-normal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) value of approximately 168 units. This season saw the return of El Niño and its associated warmer sea surface temperatures in the basin, which fueled the rapid intensification of several powerful storms. It officially began on May 15, 2023 in the Eastern Pacific, and on June 1 in the Central; both ended on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most tropical cyclogenesis occurs in these regions of the Pacific.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Olaf (2021)</span> Category 2 Pacific hurricane in 2021

Hurricane Olaf was a Category 2 Pacific hurricane that struck the Baja California Peninsula in September 2021. The fifteenth named storm and sixth hurricane of the 2021 Pacific hurricane season, the cyclone formed from an area of low pressure that developed off the southwestern coast of Mexico on September 5, 2021. The disturbance developed within a favorable environment, acquiring more convection and a closed surface circulation. The disturbance developed into Tropical Depression Fifteen-E by 18:00 UTC on September 7. The depression strengthened into a tropical storm and was named Olaf at 12:00 UTC the next day. Olaf quickly strengthened as it moved to the north-northwest, and was upgraded to a hurricane 24 hours after being named. Hurricane Olaf continued to intensify and reached peak intensity while its center was just offshore the southwestern coast of Baja California Sur, with maximum sustained winds of 105 mph (169 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 975 mbar (28.8 inHg). Just after reaching peak intensity, the hurricane made landfall near San José del Cabo. Interaction with the mountainous terrain of the Baja California Peninsula caused Olaf to quickly weaken. It was downgraded to a tropical storm at 12:00 UTC on September 10. The system became devoid of convection later that day and degenerated to a remnant low by 06:00 UTC on September 11.

References

  1. ↑ Bucci, Lisa (15 March 2024). "Hurricane Norma – Tropical Cyclone Report (EP172023)" (PDF). National Hurricane Center . University Park, Florida, United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. pp. 1–26. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  2. ↑ Berg, Robbie (October 15, 2023). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  3. ↑ Kelly, Larry (October 17, 2023). Tropical Storm Norma Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  4. ↑ Reinhart, Brad (October 18, 2023). Tropical Storm Norma Discussion Number 5 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  5. ↑ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (October 19, 2023). "Norma and Tammy gain strength en route to Mexico, Leeward Islands". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  6. ↑ Reinhart, Brad (October 21, 2023). Hurricane Norma Discussion Number 16 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  7. ↑ Kelly, Larry; Reinhart, Brad (October 21, 2023). Hurricane Norma Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 21, 2023.
  8. ↑ Brown, Daniel (October 23, 2023). Tropical Depression Norma Depression Number 23 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
  9. ↑ Cangialosi, John (October 23, 2023). Post-Tropical Cyclone Norma Discussion Number 24 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  10. ↑ Bowman, Emma; Marx, Willem; Hernandez, Joe (October 22, 2023). "A weakened Norma crosses Mexico, while Hurricane Tammy threatens Caribbean islands". NPR. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  11. 1 2 3 Bonaccorso, Nicole (October 23, 2023). "Photos Show Hurricane Norma's Impacts In Mexico". weather.com. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  12. 1 2 Sánchez, Samuel (October 23, 2023). "Imágenes de daños causados por Norma; mueren 3 personas en Sinaloa" [Images of damage caused by Norma; 3 people die in Sinaloa]. Uno TV (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved October 28, 2023.
  13. 1 2 "Storm Norma weakens after dropping heavy rain on Mexico, as Hurricane Tammy makes landfall in Barbuda". CBS News. 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
  14. 1 2 Precipitación acumulada (mm) del 20 al 22 de octubre de 2023 por al huracán Norma (Map) (in Mexican Spanish). Conagua. Retrieved October 31, 2023.
  15. ↑ Barker, Aaron; Oberholtz, Chris; Wulfeck, Chris; Sistek, Scott (October 23, 2023). "Norma dissipates over Mexico after making 2nd landfall Monday". FOX Weather. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
  16. ↑ "Norma downgraded to tropical storm in Mexico as Hurricane Tammy leaves minor damage in Caribbean". PBS NewsHour. 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
  17. ↑ Cappucci, Matthew (2023-10-23). "Tropical storms and hurricanes still roam the Atlantic and Pacific". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2023-10-30.
  18. ↑ "Los Cabos Hotels Suffer Very Little Damage From Hurricane Norma". The Cabo Sun. October 24, 2023. Retrieved October 28, 2023.
  19. ↑ Alan Flores (December 9, 2023). "90 mil pesos requieren mercados de La Paz por daños de "Norma"" [90 thousand pesos require La Paz markets due to “Norma” damages]. El Sudcaliforniano (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  20. ↑ "Huracán Norma dejó 200 mdp en daños a infraestructura; no habrá apoyo federal: Gobernador de BCS" [Hurricane Norma left 200 million pesos in damage to infrastructure; there will be no federal support: Governor of BCS]. BCS Noticias (in Mexican Spanish). October 30, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  21. ↑ Elvira Vargas (November 1, 2023). "200 MDP en daños por huracán Norma, en BCS: gobernador" [200 million pesos in damages from Hurricane Norma, in BCS: governor]. Cabo Mil 96.3 (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2023.
  22. ↑ Javier Martínez (October 30, 2023). "Tormenta tropical "Norma" causó daños en carreteras, puentes y abrió 18 socavones en Sinaloa" [Tropical storm "Norma" caused damage to roads, bridges and opened 18 sinkholes in Sinaloa]. El Universal (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved December 9, 2023.

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Hurricane Norma
Norma 2023-10-19 1200Z.jpg
Norma at its peak intensity while south of the Baja California peninsula on October 19
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