Hurricane Adrian (2011)

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Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

By June 3, a surface low formed off an area of disturbed weather that existed several hundred miles south-southeast of Acapulco, Mexico during the first few days of June. [2] Slow development of this system was anticipated by the National Hurricane Center (NHC). [2] Remaining nearly stationary, it managed to produce a few disorganized showers and thunderstorms. [3] Favorable environmental conditions allowed gradual organization, and convection became better defined on June 5. [4] It subsequently acquired sufficiently organized structure to be recognized as a tropical cyclone and NHC initiated advisories on the newly formed tropical depression One-E at 1200  UTC, June 7 while it was located around 365 mi (590 km) south of Acapulco, Mexico. [1] [5]

As a tropical depression, it was situated over warm sea surface temperatures of around 30 °C (86 °F). [6] Upper-level wind shear in its vicinity were minimal, which was also conducive for intensification. [6] As a result, the tropical depression continued to become better organized, with a large rainband flaring up to the west of the circulation. [7] Based on the improved appearance on satellite imagery, it is estimated the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Adrian at 0000 UTC on June 8, twelve hours after formation. [1] [8] Briefly caught within light steering winds, Adrian tracked toward the north-northwest. [8] Continuing to increase in deep convection, NHC re-assessed the intensity to 60 mph (95 km/h) at around 0900 UTC. [9] By nightfall, the eye-like feature developed into a central dense overcast (CDO), and at around 0000 UTC on June 9, the NHC upgraded Adrian to a minimal hurricane as it attained sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). [1] [10]

Hurricane Adrian at peak intensity on June 10, while transitioning to an annular hurricane Adrian 2011-06-10 2010Z.jpg
Hurricane Adrian at peak intensity on June 10, while transitioning to an annular hurricane

Later that day, a well-defined eye formed beneath the CDO and the surrounding cloud tops reached below −80 °C (−112 °F), indicating intensification is present. [11] Adrian rapidly deepened, and over the following 24 hours, it is estimated by satellite observations that winds increased from 80 mph (120 km/h) to 140 mph (240 km/h) and its barometric pressure decreased by 43  mbar (hPa; 1.27  inHg), going from a category 1 to a category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS). [12] [13] During that time, its eye became more distinct, and the upper-level outflow was symmetrical. [14] Throughout most of June 9, Adrian began transitioning into an annular hurricane, displaying a large and circular eye around 25 miles (40 km) in diameter, devoid of any convective banding. [15]

Contrary to previous predictions by the NHC, Adrian continued to intensify, reaching its peak intensity at around 0000 UTC on June 10 while located about 320 mi (515 km) south-southwest of Manzanillo, Mexico. [1] [16] When Adrian peaked, it had maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (220 km/h) and a barometric pressure estimated at 944  mbar (hPa; 27.88  inHg). [13] Later that morning, convection associated with the Adrian had lessened. [17] Initially, NHC suggested slow weakening could occur due to progressively cooler water temperatures. [17] By then, Adrian also began moving into a more stable environment with stronger westerly wind shear, which is highly unfavorable for the sustaining tropical cyclones. [18] By June 11, Adrian's eye completely disappeared on satellite imagery, and it no longer maintained its symmetrical structure. [19] Steered by a low-to-mid-level ridge over the northeastern Pacific, Adrian recurved to the west, traversing sea surface temperatures cooler than 26.5 °C (79.7 °F). [19] [20]

Deteriorating faster than anticipated due to an unexpected increase in wind shear, Adrian weakened back into a tropical storm around 1800 UTC on June 11. [1] [21] Soon enough, Adrian degenerated into a tight swirl of low-level clouds with very limited deep convection. [22] Intermittent bursts of deep convection kept satellite intensity estimates at 45 mph (65 km/h), briefly halting the weakening process. [23] Weakening resumed and Adrian degenerated into a tropical depression six hours later, [24] and subsequently decaying into a remnant low-pressure area at around 1200 UTC on June 12 while located about 585 mi (940 km) southwest of the southernmost tip of Baja California peninsula. [1] [25] [26] Devoid of any convection, the remnant low of Adrian continued to move west for roughly two days, until gradual dissipation, as the low-level circulation opened up into a surface though. [1]

Preparations and impact

As Adrian became a major hurricane off the coastline of Mexico, a tropical storm watch was issued by the National Weather Service of Mexico along the coast of southwestern Mexico spanning from Acapulco to Punta San Telmo. The tropical storm watch was in effect at 1500  UTC on June 8 and discontinued at 0300  UTC on June 9. Despite these watches, no tropical storm force winds were observed on the coast of Mexico. [1] The National Weather Service of Mexico also issued heavy rain alerts for Colima, Michoacán and Guerrero. [27] The Mexican civil defense system declared a green alert (low risk) for these three states. In addition, a blue alert (minimal risk) was issued for coast of Nayarit and Oaxaca. [28]

Across the southwestern Mexican coastline, Adrian sent waves up to 13 ft (4.0 m) high, generating swells and rough seas. [29] Plumes of moisture from the outer rainbands of Adrian caused heavy rain in the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Michoacán. [30] As much as 2.11 in (54 mm) of precipitation was recorded at Lake Chapala in a 24-hour period. [31] Similarly, a weather station at Tequisistlán, Oaxaca recorded 2.02 in (51 mm) of rainfall accumulation. [31] Ships traveling within the vicinity of Adrian were advised to take extreme caution as Adrian paralleled the Mexican coastline. [30] Overall, Adrian had limited effects on land since it stayed in the open Pacific waters, thus there were no reports of notable damage or casualties as a result of Adrian. [1]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Robbie Berg (September 7, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  2. 1 2 Eric Blake (June 3, 2011). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center . Retrieved 2011-06-21.
  3. ↑ Daniel Brown (June 4, 2011). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
  4. ↑ Todd Kimberlain and Michael Brennan (June 5, 2011). Tropical Weather Outlook. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
  5. ↑ John Cangialosi (June 7, 2011). Tropical Depression One-E Public Advisory One. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-06-25.
  6. 1 2 John Cangialosi (June 7, 2011). Tropical Depression One-E Forecast Discussion Number One. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
  7. ↑ Wallace Hogsett and John Cangialosi (June 7, 2011). Tropical Depression One-E Forecast Discussion Number Two. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
  8. 1 2 Eric Blake (June 8, 2011). Tropical Storm Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Three. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-03.
  9. ↑ Jack Beven (June 8, 2011). Tropical Storm Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Four. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-04.
  10. ↑ Eric Blake (June 9, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Seven. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-05.
  11. ↑ Jack Beven (June 9, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Eight. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-08.
  12. ↑ Eric Blake and Todd Kimberlain (June 9, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Public Advisory Number Seven. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-08.
  13. 1 2 Stacy R. Stewart (June 10, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Public Advisory Number Eleven. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-08.
  14. ↑ Lixion Avila (June 9, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Nine. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  15. ↑ Lixion Avila (June 9, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Ten. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  16. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (June 10, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Eleven. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  17. 1 2 Lixion Avila (June 10, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Thirteen. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  18. ↑ Christopher Landsea and Lixion Avila (June 10, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Fourteen. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  19. 1 2 Stacy R. Stewart (June 11, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Fifteen. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  20. ↑ Jack Beven (June 11, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Sixteen. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  21. ↑ Christopher Landsea and Lixion Avila (June 11, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Seventeen. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  22. ↑ Lixion Avila (June 11, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Eighteen. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  23. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (June 11, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Nineteen. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  24. ↑ Stacy R. Stewart (June 12, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Twenty. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  25. ↑ Todd Kimberlain (June 12, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Forecast Discussion Number Twenty-One. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  26. ↑ Todd Kimberlain (June 12, 2011). Hurricane Adrian Public Advisory Number Twenty-One. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
  27. ↑ "Huracán Adrián se fortalece y se aleja" (in Spanish). Voanoticias. June 9, 2011. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  28. ↑ "Huracán Adrián se convierte en categoría 4" (in Spanish). La Prensa. June 10, 2011. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  29. ↑ "Huracán Adrian ahora es categoría 4" (in Spanish). Univision Noticias. June 10, 2011. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  30. 1 2 "Alerta en Pacífico por fuerza de Adrián" (in Spanish). El Universal. June 10, 2011. Retrieved 2013-05-22.
  31. 1 2 Hernández Unzón, Alberto. "Reseña del huracán " Adrián " del Océano Pacífico" (PDF). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico) (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 June 2013.
Hurricane Adrian
Adrian 2011-06-10 0925Z.jpg
Adrian at peak intensity on June 10
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