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Himachal Pradesh is a state in the northern part of India. Situated in the Western Himalayas, it is one of the thirteen mountain states and is characterized by an extreme landscape featuring several peaks and extensive river systems. Himachal Pradesh is the northernmost state of India and shares borders with the union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the north, and the states of Punjab to the west, Haryana to the southwest, Uttarakhand to the southeast and a very narrow border with Uttar Pradesh to the south. The state also shares an international border to the east with the Tibet Autonomous Region in China. Himachal Pradesh is also known as Dev Bhoomi, meaning 'Land of Gods' and Veer Bhoomi which means 'Land of the Brave'.
The Lahaul and Spiti district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh consists of the two formerly separate districts of Lahaul and Spiti. The present administrative center is Kyelang in Lahaul. Before the two districts were merged, Kardang was the capital of Lahaul, and Dhankar the capital of Spiti. The district was formed in 1960 and is the fourth least populous district in India. It is the least densely populated district of India, according to the Census of India 2011.
Kinnaur district is one of the twelve administrative districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The district is divided into three administrative areas and has six tehsils. The administrative headquarters of the district is at Reckong Peo. The mountain peak of Kinnaur Kailash is found in this district. As of 2011, it is the second least populous district of Himachal Pradesh, after Lahaul and Spiti.
The Western Pahari languages are a group of Northern Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Northern India, primarily in the state of Himachal Pradesh and Chenab Valley region of Jammu.
Kinnauri, also known as Kanauri, Kanor, Koonawur, Kanawari or Kunawar, is a Sino-Tibetan dialect cluster centered on the Kinnaur district of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
Shimla district is a one of the twelve districts of the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India. Its headquarters is the state capital of Shimla. Neighbouring districts are Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, Uttarakhand in the southeast, Solan to the southwest and Sirmaur in the south. The elevation of the district ranges from 987 metres (3,238 ft) to 4,500 metres (14,764 ft).
The North Indian state of Himachal Pradesh is a state that has remained largely uninfluenced by Western culture. Himachal Pradesh is a multi-religion practising, multicultural and multilingual state. Some of the most commonly spoken languages are Hindi and the various Pahari languages. The Hindu communities residing in Himachal include the Brahmins, Rajputs, Kannets, Rathis and Kolis. There are also tribal population in the state which mainly comprise Gaddis, Kinnarms, Gujjars, Pangawals and Lahaulis.
Sunam is an underdocumented Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Sunnam village, Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Pattani, also known as Manchad, is an endangered Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
The West Himalayish languages, also known as Almora and Kanauric, are a family of Sino-Tibetan languages centered in Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and across the border into Nepal. LaPolla (2003) proposes that the West Himalayish languages may be part of a larger "Rung" group.
Byangsi is a West Himalayish language of India and Nepal. Estimates of numbers of speakers vary, but some sources say that the language is spoken by about 1,000-1,500 people, while others estimate as many as 3,300. Byangsi is from a region of high language density, that is to say that there are many languages among few people. It is the most dominant language in this region, although it is not widely known outside of its small hill district and those who speak it have difficulty classifying themselves for central government dealings.
Shumcho is an underdocumented Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Kinnaur district, Himachal Pradesh, India.
Sirmauri is a Western Pahari language spoken in the Sirmaur district in the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Its two main varieties are Dharthi and Giripari.
Pahari Kinnauri, or Kinnauri Pahari, also known as Oras Boli, is a Western Pahari of northern India. It is spoken by different tribal groups in Kinnaur District; the language used to be commonly known as ‘Kinnauri Tribal language’, but this is now considered a derogatory term. It is not clear how distinct it is from other varieties of Himachali.
Chitkuli Kinnauri is a language spoken in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is spoken in two villages in the Sangla division of Kinnaur - specifically in Chitkul and Rakchham villages. The number of speakers as per Ethnologue was 1060 in 1998.
Thakur Sen Negi was an Indian politician and member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Negi was a member of the Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly from the Kinnaur constituency in Kinnaur district. Born on 5 September 1909, at a village Shong in district Kinnaur. His father's name was Narayan Dass and mother's name was Smt. Niram Dass, did B.Sc. (agriculture) and LLB. Joined government service in 1932 and retired only in 1966 as Chief Secretary to Himachal Pradesh Government. Later on made Advisor to Himachal Pradesh Government. Elected to State Assembly in 1967, 1972, 1977 and 1982. From 1966 to 1972, was leader of United Opposition Front. Became leader of Progressive Front from 1972 to 1977. In 1977 was made Cabinet Minister. Was President of State Unit of the Janta Party from 1977 to 1979. Elected Speaker of the State Assembly during Janta Party rule from 1979 to 1984. Member of Commission for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe. Besides this he has been in Indian Institute of Public Administration, Indian Council of World Affairs, Bharat Krishak Samaj, Indian Society of Agriculture Economics, Amnesty International, participated in Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Conference from 1979-84 etc. Wrote famous book titled -"Scheduled Tribes of Himachal Pradesh ". Once again, occupied the chair of Speaker in Himachal Pradesh Assembly after winning June 1990 election.
Pangwali is a Western Pahari language of Himachal Pradesh, India. It is spoken in the Pangi Tehsil of Chamba district, and is threatened to go extinct. Pangwali is natively written in the Takri script, but Devanagari is used as well. It is much similar with the Padderi language of Padder, J&K.
Gaddi is an Indo-Aryan language of India. It is spoken by the Gaddi people primarily in Bharmour Tehsil of Chamba district in Himachal Pradesh. It is also spoken in neighbouring parts of Jammu, with Gaddi villages found in Udhampur, Kathua and Doda districts.
Mud is a small village in the cold desert region of Spiti in Himachal Pradesh, India. Located at an altitude of 3,810 m (12,500 ft) on the left bank of the Pin River, a right bank tributary of the Spiti River, the village nestles at the base of the Parbati range that towers almost vertically 1,600 m (5,200 ft) above. Mud is near the boundary of the Pin Valley National Park and is a convenient base for treks in the park, and to the neighbouring districts of Kullu and Kinnaur. It is the last village on the Spiti side of the Pin Parbati trek to Kullu and the Pin Bhaba trek to Kinnaur.
Tobdan is a historian and linguist from Himachal Pradesh, India. He is noted for his work on the cultural traditions, histories, and languages of the Lahaul and Spiti district, and some neighboring regions.
References
- ↑ "Jangshung", Endangered Languages Project, retrieved 2023-02-01
- ↑ also known as Jangiam, Jangrami, Thebor and Zhang-Zhung
- ↑ Negi, Harvinder Kumar (2012), "A Sociolinguistic Profile of the Kinnaura Tribe", Nepalese Linguistics, 27: 101–105
- 1 2 "Research and Documenting Endangered Languages of Kinnaur", Austrian Academy of Sciences , retrieved 2023-02-01
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
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| Western Himalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand, Nepal, Sikkim) |
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| Eastern Himalayas (Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo-Burmese border |
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| East and Southeast Asia |
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| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
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| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||