Kyirong language

Last updated
Kyirong
  • Lende
  • Kyerung
स्युबा
Region Tibet
Native speakers
100 (2002) [1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 kgy
Glottolog kyer1238   Kyerung

Kyirong is a language from the subgroup of Tibetic languages [2] spoken in the Gyirong County of the Shigatse prefecture, of the Tibetan Autonomous Region.

Contents

Kyirong has lexical tone, with a three-tone system. [3]

Relationship to other languages

There is a varying degree of mutual intelligibility between Kyirong and other Kyirong-Yolmo varieties. It is most closely related to the Nubri and Gyalsomdo languages, [4] and more distantly related to other languages in the family. [5]

Phonology

Consonants

There are 36 consonants in Kyirong, which are summarized in the table below. [3]

Bilabial Apico- Dental Retroflex Lamino-
post-alveolar
Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate
voiceless p t ts ʈ c k
aspirated tsʰ ʈʰ tɕʰ
voiced b d dz ɖ ɟ ɡ
Fricative voiceless s ɕ h
voiced z ʑ ɦ
Liquid rhotic r
voiced lateral l
unvoiced lateral ɬ
Semivowel w j

Vowels

There are eight places of articulation for vowels. There is a length distinction at each place of articulation, as well as a long nasalised vowel. [3]

Front Central Back
Close i     y     u    
Half-close e     ø   øː   øː ɔ   ɔː   ɔː
Half-open ɛ   ɛː   ɛː
Open a    

Tone

Kyriong has a three tone system; high, medium and low. Low tone is often accompanied by breathy voice. [3]

Sources

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References

  1. Kyirong at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed Access logo transparent.svg
    Kyirong at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) Closed Access logo transparent.svg
  2. N. Tournadre (2005) "L'aire linguistique tibétaine et ses divers dialectes." Lalies, 2005, n°25, p. 7–56
  3. 1 2 3 4 Huber, Brigitte (2005). The Tibetan dialect of Lende (Kyirong). Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.
  4. Hedlin, Matthew (2011). An investigation of the relationship between the Kyirong, Yòlmo, and Standard Spoken Tibetan speech varieties (unpublished MA thesis). Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
  5. Gawne, Lauren (2013). "Report on the relationship between Yolmo and Kagate". Himalayan Linguistics. 12: 1–27.