| Kazan Governorate | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governorate of the Russian Empire | |||||||||||
| 1708–1920 | |||||||||||
 Coat of arms | |||||||||||
 Location in the Russian Empire | |||||||||||
| Capital | Kazan | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
• | 63,618 km2 (24,563 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• 1913 | 2,850,000 | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Established | 1708 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1920 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Kazan Governorate [lower-alpha 1] was an administrative-territorial unit ( guberniya ) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR from 1708 to 1920, with its capital in Kazan.
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Kazan Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on December 29 [ O.S. December 18], 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great's edict [1] on the lands of the Khanates of Kazan, Sibir, and Astrakhan, with addition of some lands from the Nogai Horde. These were the areas historically governed by the Kazan Palace's Prikaz. As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Kazan Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities. [2]
In 1717, Astrakhan Governorate was separated from Kazan Governorate; in 1719—Nizhny Novgorod; in 1744—Orenburg; in 1781—Vyatka, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates were separated. Under Catherine the Great (1781–1796) Kazan was the center of a namestnichestvo (viceroyalty), with Kazan, Penza, and Saratov Governorates as its integral parts. [ citation needed ]
At first the governorate was divided into lots (доли, doli), then into provinces (провинции, provintsii) in 1719, and into uyezds (уезды) in 1775. Prior to 1796, there were Kazan, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Sviyazhsk, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, and Yadrin uyezds.
In 1913, the area of the governorate comprised 55,900 square versts, its population was estimated at 2.85 million (38.9% Russians, 31.2% Tatars, 22.8% Chuvash, 5.1% Mari, 1.2% Mordva). There were 7,272 settlements, including 13 towns: Kazan, Arsk, Sviyazhsk, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, Yadrin; and two posads: Mariinsky Posad and Troitsky Posad. [ citation needed ]
The governorate was finally abolished during the Bolshevik administrative reform (see Idel-Ural State). Thereupon its Eastern part was proclaimed the Tatar ASSR, while the Western part was eventually divided between Chuvashia and Mari El. [ citation needed ]
Kazan Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses):
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnic group. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
This is a list of units of administrative division of the Republic of Tatarstan, a federal subject of Russia.
Zilant is a legendary creature, something between a dragon and a wyvern. Since 1730, it has been the official symbol of Kazan. This winged snake is mentioned in legends about the foundation of Kazan.
Smolensk Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR. It existed, with interruptions, between 1708 and 1929.
Archangelgorod Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel (Arkhangelsk). The governorate was located in the north of the Russian Empire and bordered Siberia Governorate in the east, Kazan Governorate in the southeast, Moscow and Ingermanland Governorates in the southwest, Sweden in the west, and Norway in north-west. In the north, the governorate was limited by the White and Barents Seas.
Kokshaysk is a village (selo) in Zvenigovsky District, Mari El Republic, Russia. It is administratively subordinated to the city of Yoshkar-Ola, as the river port of Yoshkar-Ola is located there. Kokshaysk is situated near the Mari village of Kokshamary, on the left bank of the Bolshaya Kokshaga River, where it flows into the Volga. A road connects the village with Yoshkar-Ola (56 km) and Novocheboksarsk (34 km). In 2003, the population of Kokshaysk was 1,340, mostly ethnic Russians, Mari, Chuvash, Tatars.
The history of Chuvashia spans from the region's earliest attested habitation by Finno-Ugric peoples to its incorporation into the Russian Empire and its successor states.
Siberia Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1782. Its seat was in Tobolsk. The governorate was located in the east of Russian Empire and bordered China in the south, Kazan Governorate in the southwest, and Archangelgorod Governorate in the northwest. In the north and the east, the governorate was limited by the seas of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. In terms of area, Siberia Governorate was by far the biggest of all the governorates, as it included areas in the Urals, Siberia, and the Russian Far East some of which were not yet even settled by Russians at the time.
Vyatka Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR from 1796 to 1929, with its capital in Vyatka. The area of the governorate roughly corresponds to modern-day Kirov Oblast and Udmurtia.
Ufa Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire with its capital in the city of Ufa. It was created in 1865 by separation from Orenburg Governorate. On June 14, 1922 the governorate was transformed into the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. It occupied an area of 122,005 square kilometres (47,106 sq mi) and the territory of governorate was divided to six uyezds.
Voronezh Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1708 to 1779 and again from 1796 to 1928. Its capital was located in Voronezh since 1725.
Caucasus Governorate was an administrative division (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1802 until 1822. Its seat was located in Georgiyevsk. The governorate was located in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire. In 1822, the governorate was abolished and transformed into Caucasus Oblast, with the administrative center in Stavropol. In terms of modern administrative divisions of Russia, the area of Caucasus Governorate is currently split between Stavropol and Krasnodar Krais, Rostov Oblast, and the Republics of Kabardino-Balkaria, North Ossetia–Alania, Ingushetia, Chechnya, Dagestan, and Kalmykia, with the major part of it being located in Stavropol Krai.
Kiev Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire. It was established in December 1708 as one of the eight guberniyas first created during the reforms of Peter the Great.
Ryazan Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, which existed from 1796 to 1929. Its capital was in Ryazan.
Nizhny Novgorod Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire, Russian Republic, and the Russian SFSR, roughly corresponding to the Upper and Middle Volga region and what is now most of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. In the early 20th Century, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate bordered Kostroma and Vyatka governorates to the north, Vladimir Governorate to the west, Kazan and Simbirsk governorates to the east, and Penza with Tambov governorates to the south.
Shoorcha rebellion — uprising against feudal relations Mari, Tatar, Chuvash peasants to protect their property rights in the 19th century.
The entry of Chuvashia into the Russian state was an event in the history of the Chuvash people that occurred in 1551, when the Chuvash of the mountain side became a subject of the Russian state.
Sviyazhsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Sviyazhsk.
Spassky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Spassk (Bolgar).
Cheboksarsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Cheboksary.
