| Kazan Governorate | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governorate of the Russian Empire | |||||||||||
| 1708–1920 | |||||||||||
 Coat of arms | |||||||||||
 Location in the Russian Empire | |||||||||||
| Capital | Kazan | ||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||
• | 63,618 km2 (24,563 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||
• 1913 | 2,850,000 | ||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||
• Established | 1708 | ||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1920 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Kazan Governorate [lower-alpha 1] was an administrative-territorial unit ( Governorate ) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR from 1708 to 1920, with its capital in Kazan.
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Kazan Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on December 29 [ O.S. December 18], 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great's edict [1] on the lands of the Khanates of Kazan, Sibir, and Astrakhan, with addition of some lands from the Nogai Horde. These were the areas historically governed by the Kazan Palace's Prikaz. As with the rest of the governorates, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Kazan Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities. [2]
In 1717, Astrakhan Governorate was separated from Kazan Governorate; in 1719—Nizhny Novgorod; in 1744—Orenburg; in 1781—Vyatka, Simbirsk, and Ufa Governorates were separated. Under Catherine the Great (1781–1796) Kazan was the center of a namestnichestvo (viceroyalty), with Kazan, Penza, and Saratov Governorates as its integral parts. [ citation needed ]
At first the governorate was divided into lots (доли, doli), then into provinces (провинции, provintsii) in 1719, and into uyezds (уезды) in 1775. Prior to 1796, there were Kazan, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Sviyazhsk, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, and Yadrin uyezds.
In 1913, the area of the governorate comprised 55,900 square versts, its population was estimated at 2.85 million (38.9% Russians, 31.2% Tatars, 22.8% Chuvash, 5.1% Mari, 1.2% Mordva). There were 7,272 settlements, including 13 towns: Kazan, Arsk, Sviyazhsk, Kozmodemyansk, Laishev, Mamadysh, Spassk, Tetyushi, Tsaryovokokshaysk, Tsivilsk, Cheboksary, Chistopol, Yadrin; and two posads: Mariinsky Posad and Troitsky Posad. [ citation needed ]
The governorate was finally abolished during the Bolshevik administrative reform (see Idel-Ural State). Thereupon its Eastern part was proclaimed the Tatar ASSR, while the Western part was eventually divided between Chuvashia and Mari El. [ citation needed ]
Kazan Governorate consisted of the following uyezds (administrative centres in parentheses):
Chuvashia, officially known as Chuvash Republic — Chuvashia, is a republic of Russia located in Eastern Europe. It is the homeland of the Chuvash people, a Turkic ethnic group. Its capital is the city of Cheboksary. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 1,251,619.
The Khanate of Kazan was a medieval Tatar Turkic state that occupied the territory of the former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552. The khanate covered contemporary Tatarstan, Mari El, Chuvashia, Mordovia, and parts of Udmurtia and Bashkortostan; its capital was the city of Kazan. It was one of the successor states of the Golden Horde (Mongol state), and it came to an end when it was conquered by the Tsardom of Russia.
This is a list of units of administrative division of the Republic of Tatarstan, a federal subject of Russia.
Zilant is a legendary creature, something between a dragon and a wyvern. Since 1730, it has been the official symbol of Kazan. This winged snake is mentioned in legends about the foundation of Kazan.
The Taw yağı or Viryal was a historical region of Tatarstan, Khanate of Kazan, Volga Bulgaria, the name is known since the 1550s. This land was situated at the Hill, i.e. right bank of the Volga. Since 1547, this region was disintegrated from the khanate. The Feudal lords of the Hill Bank Land eventually joined Russia following 1556. Sviyazhsk was established as the center of the Hill Bank Land. Later, this part of the former khanate was incorporated to Sviyazhsk Uyezd. The region had multiethnic population and included Tatars, Chuvashes, Hill Mari and Mordvins.
Kokshaysk is a village (selo) in Zvenigovsky District, Mari El Republic, Russia. It is administratively subordinated to the city of Yoshkar-Ola, as the river port of Yoshkar-Ola is located there. Kokshaysk is situated near the Mari village of Kokshamary, on the left bank of the Bolshaya Kokshaga River, where it flows into the Volga. A road connects the village with Yoshkar-Ola (56 km) and Novocheboksarsk (34 km). In 2003, the population of Kokshaysk was 1,340, mostly ethnic Russians, Mari, Chuvash, Tatars.
The history of Chuvashia spans from the region's earliest attested habitation by Finno-Ugric peoples to its incorporation into the Russian Empire and its successor states.
Vyatka Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR from 1796 to 1929, with its capital in Vyatka. The area of the governorate roughly corresponds to modern-day Kirov Oblast and Udmurtia.
Kiev Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire. It was established in December 1708 as one of the eight guberniyas first created during the reforms of Peter the Great.
Shoorcha rebellion — uprising against feudal relations Mari, Tatar, Chuvash peasants to protect their property rights in the 19th century.
The entry of Chuvashia into the Russian state was an event in the history of the Chuvash people that occurred in 1551, when the Chuvash of the mountain side became a subject of the Russian state.
Staro-Almetevskaya Volost was an administrative division of Chistopol Uyezd of the Kazan Namestnichestvo until 1796, the Kazan Governorate from 1796 to 1920, then as part of the Chistopol Canton of the Tatar ASSR from 1920 to 1930.
Kozmodemyansky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Kozmodemyansk.
Sviyazhsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the central part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Sviyazhsk.
Spassky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Spassk (Bolgar).
Tetyushsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Tetyushi.
Tsaryovokokshaysky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the northwestern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Tsaryovokokshaysk (Yoshkar-Ola).
Tsivilsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Tsivilsk.
Cheboksarsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the western part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Cheboksary.
Chistopolsky Uyezd was one of the subdivisions of the Kazan Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Chistopol.
