Kuban oblast

Last updated

Kuban oblast
Кубанская область
Coat of arms of Kuban Oblast 1874.svg
Kuban Oblast ATD.png
Administrative map of the Kuban Oblast
Country Russian Empire
Viceroyalty Caucasus
Established1860
Abolished1917
CapitalYekaterinodar
(present-day Krasnodar)
Area
  Total
94,783.07 km2 (36,595.95 sq mi)
Highest elevation5,642 m (18,510 ft)
Population
 (1916)
  Total
3,022,683
  Density32/km2 (83/sq mi)
   Urban
9.52%
   Rural
90.48%

The Kuban oblast [a] was a province ( oblast ) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of the Kuban and Circassia regions. It was created in 1860 out of Kuban Cossack territories that had once been part of the Crimean Khanate and the land of the Circassians. It was dissolved upon the assumption of supreme authority by the Kuban Rada in 1917 and the independence of the Kuban People's Republic in 1918. Its capital was the city of Yekaterinodar (present-day Krasnodar). [1]

Contents

Administrative divisions

The Cossack districts ( otdels ) of the Kuban oblast in 1917 were as follows: [2] [3]

NameAdministrative centre and the largest cityPopulationArea
1897 [4] 1916 [5] 18971916
Batalpashinsky otdel (Баталпашинскій отдѣлъ)Batalpashinskaya (Cherkessk)11,473---215,400298,20815,328.05 square versts (17,444.27  km2 ; 6,735.27  sq mi )
Yeysky otdel (Ейскій отдѣлъ) Yeysk 35,41444,765277,300384,84612,127.84 square versts (13,802.24  km2 ; 5,329.07  sq mi )
Umanskaya (Leningradskaya)11,137---
Yekaterinodarsky otdel (Екатеринодарскій отдѣлъ)Yekaterinodar (Krasnodar)65,606103,624245,173371,7887,357.78 square versts (8,373.61  km2 ; 3,233.07  sq mi )
Kavkazsky otdel (Кавказскій отдѣлъ) Kavkazskaya 8,293---249,182462,23513,941.40 square versts (15,866.18  km2 ; 6,125.97  sq mi )
Labinsky otdel (Лабинскій отдѣлъ) Armavir 18,11346,873305,733518,7745,919.94 square versts (6,737.26  km2 ; 2,601.27  sq mi )
Maykopsky otdel (Майкопскій отдѣлъ) Maykop 34,32754,762283,117468,45314,435.76 square versts (16,428.79  km2 ; 6,343.19  sq mi )
Tamansky otdel (Таманскій отдѣлъ)Slavyanskaya (Slavyansk-na-Kubani)15,167---342,976518,37914,173.84 square versts (16,130.71  km2 ; 6,228.10  sq mi )
Temryuk 14,73420,221

Structure

The militarized nature of the Kuban meant that, rather than a traditional governorate ( guberniya ) with counties ( uezds ), the territory was administered by the Kuban Cossacks as an oblast which was split into otdels. Each otdel had its own sotnias which in turn would be split into stanitsas and khutors. The ataman ("commander") for each region was not only responsible for the military preparation of the Cossacks, but for the local administration duties. Local stanitsa and khutoratamans were elected, but approved by the atamans of the otdel. These, in turn, were appointed by the supreme ataman of the Kuban host, who was in turn appointed directly by the Russian emperor. Prior to 1870, this system of legislature in the oblast remained a robust military one and all legal decisions were carried out by the stanitsa ataman and two elected judges. Afterwards, however, the system was bureaucratized and the judicial functions were independent of the stanitsas.[ citation needed ]

Demographics

Ethnic groups in 1897; yellow represents Ukrainians and red, Russians (in Ukrainian) 1897 Obl Kuban ethno.jpg
Ethnic groups in 1897; yellow represents Ukrainians and red, Russians (in Ukrainian)

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Kuban oblast had a population of 1,918,881 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 973,023 men and 945,858 women. The plurality of the population indicated Ukrainian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Russian speaking minority. [2]

Linguistic composition of the Kuban oblast in 1897 [2]
LanguageNative speakers%
Ukrainian 908,81847.36
Russian 816,73442.56
Circassian 38,4882.01
Karachay 26,8771.40
German 20,7781.08
Greek 20,1371.05
Kabardian 14,3400.75
Armenian 13,9260.73
Abkhaz 12,4810.65
Belarusian 12,3560.64
Nogai 5,8800.31
Romanian 5,3700.28
Tatar [b] 3,8480.20
Polish 2,7190.14
Turkish 2,1870.11
Ossetian 1,9730.10
Jewish 1,9420.10
Romani 1,7530.09
Mordovian 1,4940.08
Czech 1,2130.06
Georgian 9170.05
Estonian 8800.05
Latvian 8480.04
Kyurin 6150.03
Kalmyk 3780.02
Bulgarian 3220.02
Persian 2520.01
Lithuanian 2380.01
Kumyk 2050.01
Kazi-Kumukh 1750.01
Bashkir 1380.01
Avar-Andean 1270.01
Other4720.02
TOTAL1,918,881100.00
Religious composition of the Kuban oblast in 1897 [8]
FaithMaleFemaleBoth
Number%
Eastern Orthodox 884,028863,2911,747,31991.06
Muslim 53,19949,721102,9205.36
Old Believer 12,36312,58024,9431.30
Lutheran 8,5598,18216,7410.87
Armenian Apostolic 7,9976,65314,6500.76
Roman Catholic 4,4133,1217,5340.39
Judaism 1,0841,0212,1050.11
Mennonite 5675801,1470.06
Reformed 4254098340.04
Buddhist 1941613550.02
Armenian Catholic 104391430.01
Karaite 4249910.00
Baptist 3343760.00
Other Christian denomination104140.00
Other non-Christian denomination5490.00
TOTAL973,023945,8581,918,881100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

A 1916 map of Kuban Oblast with the neighboring Black Sea Governorate and part of Sukhumi Okrug (in Russian)
. Map of Kuban Oblast (1916).jpg
A 1916 map of Kuban Oblast with the neighboring Black Sea Governorate and part of Sukhumi Okrug (in Russian).

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Kuban oblast had a population of 3,022,683 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 1,523,057 men and 1,499,626 women, 1,870,280 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,152,403 were temporary residents. [3]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number%Number%Number%
Russians 257,67589.502,561,35693.662,819,03193.26
North Caucasians 6740.23132,9974.86133,6714.42
Other Europeans 10,0983.5120,6670.7630,7651.02
Armenians 15,5575.409,0140.3324,5710.81
Sunni Muslims [c] 1,1440.405,2920.196,4360.21
Asiatic Christians 3900.143,2700.123,6600.12
Jews 1,1800.411,1730.042,3530.08
Georgians 7660.272300.019960.03
Shia Muslims [d] 940.037200.038140.03
Roma 2780.10630.003410.01
Kurds 450.0200.00450.00
TOTAL287,901100.002,734,782100.003,022,683100.00

Notes

  1. Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani". [6] [7]
  2. Primarily Turco-Tatars. [9]
  3. Primarily Tatars. [9]

References

  1. Tsutsiev 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей".
  3. 1 2 Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 222–229.
  4. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2024-09-23.
  5. Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian).
  6. Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  7. Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  8. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
  9. 1 2 Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

Bibliography

45°02′N38°58′E / 45.033°N 38.967°E / 45.033; 38.967