Dagestan Oblast Дагестанская область | |
---|---|
Country | Russian Empire |
Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
Established | 1860 |
Abolished | 1921 |
Capital | Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk) |
Area | |
• Total | 29,709.63 km2 (11,470.95 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 4,466 m (14,652 ft) |
Population (1916) | |
• Total | 713,342 |
• Density | 24/km2 (62/sq mi) |
• Urban | 9.81% |
• Rural | 90.19% |
The Dagestan Oblast [lower-alpha 1] was a province ( oblast ) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day southeastern Dagestan within the Russian Federation. The Dagestan oblast was created in 1860 out of the territories of the former Caucasian Imamate, bordering the Terek Oblast to the north, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the west, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the south, and Baku Governorate to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk). [1]
The districts ( okrugs ) of the Dagestan oblast in 1917 were as follows: [2] [3]
Name | Capital | Population | Area | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1897 | 1916 | |||
Avarskiy okrug (Аварский округ) | Khunzakh | 37,639 | 35,749 | 1,148.27 square versts (1,306.80 km2 ; 504.56 sq mi ) |
Andiyskiy okrug (Андийский округ) | Botlikh | 49,628 | 57,875 | 3,152.17 square versts (3,587.37 km2 ; 1,385.09 sq mi ) |
Gunibskiy okrug (Гунибский округ) | Gunib | 55,899 | 76,175 | 3,422.33 square versts (3,894.82 km2 ; 1,503.80 sq mi ) |
Darginskiy okrug (Даргинский округ) | Levashi | 80,943 | 85,131 | 1,525.25 square versts (1,735.83 km2 ; 670.21 sq mi ) |
Kazikumukhskiy okrug (Казикумухский округ) | Kumukh | 45,363 | 51,250 | 1,270.80 square versts (1,446.25 km2 ; 558.40 sq mi ) |
Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug (Кайтаго-Табасаранский округ) | Madzhalis | 91,021 | 82,154 | 2,896.54 square versts (3,296.44 km2 ; 1,272.76 sq mi ) |
Kyurinskiy okrug (Кюринский округ) | Kasumkent | 77,680 | 117,218 | 3,066.85 square versts (3,490.27 km2 ; 1,347.60 sq mi ) |
Samurskiy okrug (Самурский округ) | Akhty | 35,633 | 71,556 | 3,258.87 square versts (3,708.80 km2 ; 1,431.97 sq mi ) |
Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug (Темир-Хан-Шуринский округ) | Temir-Khan-Shura (Buynaksk) | 97,348 | 136,234 | 5,464.01 square versts (6,218.38 km2 ; 2,400.93 sq mi ) |
According to the Russian Empire Census, the Dagestan oblast had a population of 571,154 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 283,279 men and 287,875 women. The plurality of the population indicated Avar-Andean to be their mother tongue, with significant Dargin, Kyurin, Kazi-Kumukh, Kumyk, and Tatar [lower-alpha 2] speaking minorities. [2]
Language | Native speakers | % |
---|---|---|
Avar-Andean | 158,550 | 27.76 |
Dargin | 121,375 | 21.25 |
Kyurin | 94,596 | 16.56 |
Kazi-Kumukh | 76,381 | 13.37 |
Kumyk | 51,209 | 8.97 |
Tatar [lower-alpha 2] | 32,143 | 5.63 |
Russian | 13,111 | 2.30 |
Jewish | 7,361 | 1.29 |
Tat | 2,998 | 0.52 |
Ukrainian | 2,895 | 0.51 |
Nogai | 1,909 | 0.33 |
Persian | 1,720 | 0.30 |
Armenian | 1,636 | 0.29 |
Polish | 1,630 | 0.29 |
Arabic | 912 | 0.16 |
Chechen | 757 | 0.13 |
Lithuanian | 520 | 0.09 |
Georgian | 375 | 0.07 |
German | 261 | 0.05 |
Belarusian | 38 | 0.01 |
Other | 777 | 0.14 |
TOTAL | 571,154 | 100.00 |
Faith | Male | Female | Both | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | |||
Muslim | 263,475 | 276,815 | 540,290 | 94.60 |
Eastern Orthodox | 10,996 | 5,341 | 16,337 | 2.86 |
Judaism | 5,367 | 4,689 | 10,056 | 1.76 |
Roman Catholic | 2,079 | 137 | 2,216 | 0.39 |
Armenian Apostolic | 955 | 668 | 1,623 | 0.28 |
Old Believer | 184 | 114 | 298 | 0.05 |
Lutheran | 185 | 100 | 285 | 0.05 |
Armenian Catholic | 24 | 5 | 29 | 0.01 |
Baptist | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.00 |
Anglican | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0.00 |
Buddhist | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0.00 |
Reformed | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0.00 |
Other non-Christian denomination | 7 | 2 | 9 | 0.00 |
TOTAL | 283,279 | 287,875 | 571,154 | 100.00 |
According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Dagestan oblast had a population of 713,342 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 369,737 men and 343,605 women, 659,976 of whom were the permanent population, and 53,366 were temporary residents: [3]
Nationality | Urban | Rural | TOTAL | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
North Caucasians | 12,247 | 17.50 | 533,367 | 82.90 | 545,614 | 76.49 |
Sunni Muslims [lower-alpha 3] | 1,137 | 1.62 | 90,840 | 14.12 | 91,977 | 12.89 |
Russians | 27,045 | 38.65 | 9,078 | 1.41 | 36,123 | 5.06 |
Jews | 11,913 | 17.03 | 5,397 | 0.84 | 17,310 | 2.43 |
Shia Muslims [lower-alpha 4] | 11,263 | 16.10 | 4,352 | 0.68 | 15,615 | 2.19 |
Armenians | 4,668 | 6.67 | 84 | 0.01 | 4,752 | 0.67 |
Other Europeans | 736 | 1.05 | 251 | 0.04 | 987 | 0.14 |
Asiatic Christians | 785 | 1.12 | 0 | 0.00 | 785 | 0.11 |
Georgians | 179 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.00 | 179 | 0.03 |
TOTAL | 69,973 | 100.00 | 643,369 | 100.00 | 713,342 | 100.00 |
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The Terek Oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, roughly corresponding to the central part of Russia's North Caucasian Federal District. Тhe оblast was created out of the former territories of the North Caucasian Peoples, following their conquests by Russia throughout the 19th century. The Terek Oblast bordered the Astrakhan and Stavropol governorates to the north, the Kuban Oblast to the west, the Kutaisi and Tiflis governorates to the south, and the Dagestan Oblast to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Vladikavkaz, the current capital of North Ossetia–Alania within Russia.
The Etchmiadzin uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Alexandropol uezd to the north, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, Erivan uezd to the north, the Surmalu uezd to the south, and the Kars Oblast to the west. It included all of the Armavir Province and most of the Aragatsotn Province of present-day Armenia. The administrative centre of the county was Vagorshapat (Vagharshapat), also referred to as Etchmiadzin—the administrative capital of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
The Zugdidi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Sukhumi Okrug to the north, the Lechkhumi uezd to the east, the Senaki uezd to the south, and the Black Sea to the west. The area of the Zugdidi uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The county was eponymously named for its administrative center, Zugdidi.
The Batumi okrug was a district (okrug) of the Batum Oblast of the Russian Empire existing between 1878 and 1918. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, the town of Batum, now part of Adjara within Georgia. The okrug bordered with the Artvin okrug in the south, the Ardahan okrug of the Kars Oblast to the southeast, the Tiflis Governorate to the northeast, the Kutaisi Governorate to the north, and the Trebizond Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire to the west.
The Lechkhumi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Terek and Kuban oblasts to the north, the Sukhumi Okrug to the west, the Zugdidi, Senaki, and Kutais uezds to the south and the Racha uezd to the east. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The administrative center of the Lechkhumi uezd was the town of Tsageri.
The Batalpashinsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Stavropol Governorate to the north, the Labinsky and Maykopsky otdels to the west, the Sochi and Sukhumi okrugs to the south, and the Terek Oblast to the east. The area of the Batalpashinsky otdel included most of the contemporary Karachay-Cherkessia region of Russia. The administrative capital was the city of Batalpashinskaya.
The Yeysky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Don Host Oblast to the north, the Black Sea to the west, the Kavkazsky otdel to the south, and the Stavropol Governorate to the east. The area of the Yeysky otdel included most of the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of Russia. The administrative capital was the city of Umanskaya.
The Yekaterinodarsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Kavkazsky otdel to the north, the Tamansky otdel to the west, the Black Sea Governorate to the south, and the Maykopsky otdel to the east. The area of the Yekaterinodar otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Yekaterinodar.
The Kavkazsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Yeysky otdel to the north, the Tamansky otdel to the west, the Yekaterinodarsky and Maykopsky otdels to the south, and the Stavropol Governorate to the east. The area of the Kavkazsky otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of the Russian Federation. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kavkazskaya.
The Labinsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Kavkazsky otdel to the north, the Maykopsky otdel to the west, the Batalpashinsky otdel to the south, and the Stavropol Governorate to the east. The area of the Labinsky otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of the Russian Federation. The administrative capital of the district was the city of Armavir.
The Maykopsky otdel was a district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Kavkazsky otdel to the north, the Yekaterinodarsky otdel to the west, the Black Sea Governorate to the south, and the Labinsky and Batalpashinsky otdels to the east. The area of the Maykopsky otdel mostly corresponded to Adygea within Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Maykop.
The Avarskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Avarskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Khunzakh.
The Andiyskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Andiyskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Botlikh.
The Kazikumukhskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kazikumukhskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Kumukh.
The Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Madzhalis.
The Kyurinskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kyurinskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Kasumkent.
The Samurskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Samurskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Akhty.
The Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Temir-Khan-Shura.
The Kizlyarsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Terek oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kizlyarsky otdel makes up part of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kizlyar.