Dagestan Oblast

Dagestan *Oblast*
Дагестанская область
Dagestan Oblast Дагестанская область
Oblast
	Coat of arms
	Administrative map of the Dagestan Oblast
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Established	1860
Abolished	1921
Capital	Temir-Khan-Shura; (present-day Buynaksk)
Area
• Total	29,709.63 km2 (11,470.95 sq mi)
Highest elevation (Mount Bazardüzü)	4,466 m (14,652 ft)
Population (1916)
• Total	713,342
• Density	24/km2 (62/sq mi)
• Urban	9.81%
• Rural	90.19%

Last updated October 24, 2024

The Dagestan Oblast^{[lower-alpha 1]} was a province ( oblast ) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day southeastern Dagestan within the Russian Federation. The Dagestan oblast was created in 1860 out of the territories of the former Caucasian Imamate, bordering the Terek Oblast to the north, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the west, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the south, and Baku Governorate to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk).^[1]

Administrative divisions

The districts ( okrugs ) of the Dagestan oblast in 1917 were as follows:^[2]^[3]

Bold line denotes the largest city.

Name	Administrative centre and the largest city			Population		Area
Name		1897^[4]	1917^[5]	1897	1916	Area
Avarskiy okrug (Аварский округ)	Khunzakh	1,587	---	37,639	35,749	1,148.27 square versts (1,306.80 km² ; 504.56 sq mi )
Andiyskiy okrug (Андийский округ)	Botlikh	1,225	---	49,628	57,875	3,152.17 square versts (3,587.37 km² ; 1,385.09 sq mi )
Gunibskiy okrug (Гунибский округ)	Gunib	685	---	55,899	76,175	3,422.33 square versts (3,894.82 km² ; 1,503.80 sq mi )
Darginskiy okrug (Даргинский округ)	Levashi	1,343	---	80,943	85,131	1,525.25 square versts (1,735.83 km² ; 670.21 sq mi )
Kazikumukhskiy okrug (Казикумухский округ)	Kumukh	621	---	45,363	51,250	1,270.80 square versts (1,446.25 km² ; 558.40 sq mi )
Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug (Кайтаго-Табасаранский округ)	Madzhalis	1,327	---	91,021	82,154	2,896.54 square versts (3,296.44 km² ; 1,272.76 sq mi )
Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug (Кайтаго-Табасаранский округ)	Derbent	14,649	31,168	91,021	82,154	2,896.54 square versts (3,296.44 km² ; 1,272.76 sq mi )
Kyurinskiy okrug (Кюринский округ)	Kasumkent	1,013	---	77,680	117,218	3,066.85 square versts (3,490.27 km² ; 1,347.60 sq mi )
Samurskiy okrug (Самурский округ)	Akhty	3,190	---	35,633	71,556	3,258.87 square versts (3,708.80 km² ; 1,431.97 sq mi )
Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug (Темир-Хан-Шуринский округ)	Temir-Khan-Shura (Buynaksk)	9,214	15,239	97,348	136,234	5,464.01 square versts (6,218.38 km² ; 2,400.93 sq mi )
Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug (Темир-Хан-Шуринский округ)	Petrovsk (Makhachkala)	9,753	23,566	97,348	136,234	5,464.01 square versts (6,218.38 km² ; 2,400.93 sq mi )

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Dagestan oblast had a population of 571,154 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 283,279 men and 287,875 women. The plurality of the population indicated Avar-Andean to be their mother tongue, with significant Dargin, Kyurin, Kazi-Kumukh, Kumyk, and Tatar^{[lower-alpha 2]} speaking minorities.^[2]

Linguistic composition of the Dagestan *oblast* in 1897^[2]
Language	Native speakers	%
Avar-Andean	158,550	27.76
Dargin	121,375	21.25
Kyurin	94,596	16.56
Kazi-Kumukh	76,381	13.37
Kumyk	51,209	8.97
Tatar^{[lower-alpha 2]}	32,143	5.63
Russian	13,111	2.30
Jewish	7,361	1.29
Tat	2,998	0.52
Ukrainian	2,895	0.51
Nogai	1,909	0.33
Persian	1,720	0.30
Armenian	1,636	0.29
Polish	1,630	0.29
Arabic	912	0.16
Chechen	757	0.13
Lithuanian	520	0.09
Georgian	375	0.07
German	261	0.05
Belarusian	38	0.01
Other	777	0.14
TOTAL	571,154	100.00

Religious composition of the Dagestan *oblast* in 1897^[8]
Faith	Male	Female	Both
Faith	Male	Female	Number	%
Muslim	263,475	276,815	540,290	94.60
Eastern Orthodox	10,996	5,341	16,337	2.86
Judaism	5,367	4,689	10,056	1.76
Roman Catholic	2,079	137	2,216	0.39
Armenian Apostolic	955	668	1,623	0.28
Old Believer	184	114	298	0.05
Lutheran	185	100	285	0.05
Armenian Catholic	24	5	29	0.01
Baptist	1	1	2	0.00
Anglican	0	3	3	0.00
Buddhist	3	0	3	0.00
Reformed	3	0	3	0.00
Other non-Christian denomination	7	2	9	0.00
TOTAL	283,279	287,875	571,154	100.00

Linguistic composition of uezds in the Dagestan Oblast in 1897

Okrug	Avar-Andean		Dargin		Kyurin		Kazi-Kumukh		Kumyk		Tatar		TOTAL
Okrug	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%	TOTAL
Temir-Khan-Shura	15,194	15.61	9,724	9.99	15	0.02	588	0.60	49,730	51.08	1,261	1.30	97,348
Avar	36,063	95.81	18	0.05	4	0.01	13	0.03	4	0.01	5	0.01	37,639
Andi	48,637	98.00	9	0.02	1	0.00	27	0.05	24	0.05	15	0.03	49,628
Gunib	52,227	93.43	774	1.38	0	0.00	2,113	3.78	17	0.03	35	0.06	55,899
Dargin	3,131	3.87	73,899	91.3	9	0.01	3,739	4.62	0	0.00	8	0.01	80,943
Kazikumukh	2,446	5.39	3,657	8.06	943	2.08	38,014	83.8	47	0.10	145	0.32	45,363
Kaitago-Tabasaran	628	0.69	33,186	36.46	350	0.38	17,678	19.42	1,035	1.14	28,975	31.83	91,021
Kyurin	50	0.06	45	0.06	59,309	76.35	13,694	17.63	5	0.01	1,321	1.70	77680
Samur	174	0.49	63	0.18	33,965	95.32	515	1.45	346	0.97	379	1.06	35633
TOTAL	158,550	27.76	121,375	21.25	94,596	16.56	76,381	13.37	51,209	8.97	32,143	5.63	571,154

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Dagestan oblast had a population of 713,342 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 369,737 men and 343,605 women, 659,976 of whom were the permanent population, and 53,366 were temporary residents:^[3]

Nationality	Urban		Rural		TOTAL
Nationality	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
North Caucasians	12,247	17.50	533,367	82.90	545,614	76.49
Sunni Muslims ^{[lower-alpha 3]}	1,137	1.62	90,840	14.12	91,977	12.89
Russians	27,045	38.65	9,078	1.41	36,123	5.06
Jews	11,913	17.03	5,397	0.84	17,310	2.43
Shia Muslims ^{[lower-alpha 4]}	11,263	16.10	4,352	0.68	15,615	2.19
Armenians	4,668	6.67	84	0.01	4,752	0.67
Other Europeans	736	1.05	251	0.04	987	0.14
Asiatic Christians	785	1.12	0	0.00	785	0.11
Georgians	179	0.26	0	0.00	179	0.03
TOTAL	69,973	100.00	643,369	100.00	713,342	100.00

Notes

↑ Russian: Дагестанская область, romanized: Dagestanskaya oblast
1 2 Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[6]^[7]
↑ Primarily Turco-Tatars.^[9]
↑ Primarily Tatars.^[9]

Related Research Articles

The Black Sea Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, established in 1896 on the territory of the Black Sea Okrug of the Kuban Oblast. The administrative center of the governorate was the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. In 1905, the population of the governorate was approximately 70,000 and its area was 6,455 square versts, making it the smallest Russian governorate by both measures. The governorate ceased to exist when the Black Sea Soviet Republic was established on its territory in the spring of 1918—later the governorate was incorporated into the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast of the Russian SFSR in March 1920.

The Kuban oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of the Kuban and Circassia regions. It was created in 1860 out of Kuban Cossack territories that had once been part of the Crimean Khanate and the land of the Circassians. It was dissolved upon the assumption of supreme authority by the Kuban Rada in 1917 and the independence of the Kuban People's Republic in 1918. Its capital was the city of Yekaterinodar.

The Terek Oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, roughly corresponding to the central part of Russia's North Caucasian Federal District. Тhe оblast was created out of the former territories of the North Caucasian Peoples, following their conquests by Russia throughout the 19th century. The Terek Oblast bordered the Astrakhan and Stavropol governorates to the north, the Kuban Oblast to the west, the Kutaisi and Tiflis governorates to the south, and the Dagestan Oblast to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Vladikavkaz, the current capital of North Ossetia–Alania within Russia.

The Batalpashinsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Stavropol Governorate to the north, the Labinsky and Maykopsky otdels to the west, the Sochi and Sukhumi okrugs to the south, and the Terek Oblast to the east. The area of the Batalpashinsky otdel included most of the contemporary Karachay-Cherkessia region of Russia. The administrative capital was the city of Batalpashinskaya.

The Yeysky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Don Host Oblast to the north, the Black Sea to the west, the Kavkazsky otdel to the south, and the Stavropol Governorate to the east. The area of the Yeysky otdel included most of the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of Russia. The administrative capital was the city of Umanskaya.

The Yekaterinodarsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Kavkazsky otdel to the north, the Tamansky otdel to the west, the Black Sea Governorate to the south, and the Maykopsky otdel to the east. The area of the Yekaterinodar otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Yekaterinodar.

The Labinsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Kavkazsky otdel to the north, the Maykopsky otdel to the west, the Batalpashinsky otdel to the south, and the Stavropol Governorate to the east. The area of the Labinsky otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of the Russian Federation. The administrative capital of the district was the city of Armavir.

The Maykopsky otdel was a district of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Kavkazsky otdel to the north, the Yekaterinodarsky otdel to the west, the Black Sea Governorate to the south, and the Labinsky and Batalpashinsky otdels to the east. The area of the Maykopsky otdel mostly corresponded to Adygea within Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Maykop.

The Avarskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Avarskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Khunzakh.

The Andiyskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Andiyskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Botlikh.

The Gunibskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Gunibskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's centre was Gunib.

The Darginskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Darginskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Levashi.

The Kazikumukhskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kazikumukhskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Kumukh.

The Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kaytago-Tabasaranskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Madzhalis.

The Kyurinskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kyurinskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Kasumkent.

The Samurskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Samurskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Akhty.

The Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Temir-Khan-Shurinskiy okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Temir-Khan-Shura.

The Nalchiksky okrug was a district (okrug) of the Terek Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Nalchiksky okrug made up part of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Nalchik.

The Groznensky okrug was a district (okrug) of the Terek Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Groznensky okrug made up part of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative centre, Grozny.

The Kizlyarsky otdel was a Cossack district of the Terek oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Kizlyarsky otdel makes up part of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kizlyar.

References

↑ Tsutsiev 2014.
1 2 3 "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru.
1 2 Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 186–193.
↑ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
↑ Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian).
↑ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
↑ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
↑ "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
1 2 Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

Bibliography

Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.

Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

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[1] Russian: Дагестанская область, romanized: Dagestanskaya oblast

[Caucasian_Tatars-9] 1 2 Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[6]^[7]

[12] Primarily Turco-Tatars.^[9]

[13] Primarily Tatars.^[9]

[FOOTNOTETsutsiev2014-2] Tsutsiev 2014.

[:1-3] 1 2 3 "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru.

[FOOTNOTEКавказский_календарь_на_1917_год186–193-4] 1 2 Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 186–193.

[5] "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2024-09-20.

[6] Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian).

[FOOTNOTEBournoutian201835_(note_25)-7] Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).

[FOOTNOTETsutsiev201450-8] Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.

[10] "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.

[FOOTNOTEHovannisian197167-11] 1 2 Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

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v t e Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Governorates (List)	Azov ¹ +Altai² Arkhangelsk Archangelgorod Astrakhan Belgorod Bessarabia Bratslav Belarus Caucasus Chernigov Grodno Finland Iziaslav Ingermanland Irkutsk Kazan Kaluga Kiev (1708) Kiev Kharkov Kherson Kholm Kovno Kolyvan Kostroma Kursk Lithuania Little Russia (1764) Little Russia (1796) Minsk Mogilev Moscow Nikolayev Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod-Seversky Novgorod Novorossiya Olonets Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Petrograd² Podolia Polotsk* Poltava Pskov Ryazan Samara Saint Petersburg Saratov Siberia Simbirsk Sloboda Ukraine Slonim Smolensk Stavropol Taurida Tambov Tver Tobolsk Tomsk Tula Ufa Vilna Vitebsk Vladimir Voznesensk Vologda Volhynia Voronezh Vyatka Vyborg Yaroslavl Yekaterinoslav Yeniseysk
Oblasts	Amur Belostok Bessarabia Don Host Transbaikal Kamchatka Caspian Kwantung Orenburg Kirghiz Omsk Primorskaya Sakhalin Taurida Tarnopol Turgay Ural Yakutsk
Oblasts of Stepnoy Krai	Akmolinsk Siberian Kirghiz Semipalatinsk
Oblasts of Turkestan Krai	Transcaspian Samarkand Semirechye Oblast Syr-Darya Oblast Turkestan Fergana
Caucasus Viceroyalty	Baku (Governorate) Black Sea Derbent Elizavetpol Erivan Georgia-Imeretia Georgia Kutaisi Shemakha Tiflis Armenian Batum Dagestan Imeretia Kars Kuban Terek Sukhumi Zakatal Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
Baltic Governorates³	Courland Livonia Reval Riga Estonia
Governorates of Finland	Abo-Byorneborg Vaza Vyborg Kuopio Nyuland Sankt-Mikhel Tavastgus Uleaborg
Governorates of Poland	Avgustov Warsaw Kalish Keltsy Krakov Lomzha Lyublin Mazovia Petrokov Plotsk Podlyashye Radom Sandomir Sedlets Suvalki
Governorates of Galicia and Bukovina	Lvov Peremyshl Tarnopol Chernovtsy
Dependencies	Bukey Horde Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Russian America Uryankhay Krai² Khanate of Khiva Zeravshan Okrug*
¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (+) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.

Dagestan Oblast Дагестанская область
Oblast
Coat of arms
Administrative map of the Dagestan Oblast
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Established	1860
Abolished	1921
Capital	Temir-Khan-Shura (present-day Buynaksk)
Area
• Total	29,709.63 km² (11,470.95 sq mi)
Highest elevation (Mount Bazardüzü)	4,466 m (14,652 ft)
Population (1916)
• Total	713,342
• Density	24/km² (62/sq mi)
• Urban	9.81%
• Rural	90.19%