Lenkoran uezd

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Lenkoran uezd
Ленкоранский уезд
Uezd
Baku gub coa n655.png
Coat of arms
Lenkoran Uyezd of Baku Governorate.png
Location in the Baku Governorate
Country Russian Empire
Viceroyalty Caucasus
Governorate Baku
Established1840
Abolished1929
CapitalLenkoran
(present-day Lankaran)
Area
 • Total5,379.48 km2 (2,077.03 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total203,319
 • Density38/km2 (98/sq mi)
 •  Urban
8.76%
 •  Rural
91.24%
Preceded by Talysh Khanate
Succeeded by Azerbaijan SSR

The Lenkoran uezd [lower-alpha 1] or Talysh uezd [lower-alpha 2] was a county ( uezd ) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. [1] [2] The county was located on the southern part of the governorate, bordering Caspian Sea to the east, Javad uezd to the north, and Iran to the southwest. [3] The administrative centre of the county was the city of Lenkoran (present-day Lankaran).

Contents

Administrative divisions

The prefectures (участки, uchastki ) of the Lenkoran uezd in 1917 were as follow: [4] [5]

NameAdministrative centre1912 populationArea
Arkevanskiy prefecture (Аркеванский участок)Nikolayevka33,413700.16 square versts (796.83  km2 ; 307.66  sq mi )
Zuvandskiy prefecture (Зувандский участок) Lerik 30,0581,198.15 square versts (1,363.57  km2 ; 526.48  sq mi )
Lenkoranskiy prefecture (Ленкоранский участок)Lenkoran (Lankaran)30,6051,180.53 square versts (1,343.52  km2 ; 518.73  sq mi )
Sebidazhskiy prefecture (Себидажский участок)Prishib (Göytəpə)40,6521,648.04 square versts (1,875.57  km2 ; 724.16  sq mi )
Astarinskiy rayon (Астаринский район) Astara 6,730–

History

Talysh uezd on the map of the Caucasian region in 1842 Talyshinskii uezd na karte Kavkazskogo kraia 1842 goda.jpg
Talysh uezd on the map of the Caucasian region in 1842

The county was established on 10 April 1840 on the basis of Talysh Khanate. It was initially made a part of the Caspian oblast on 1840, and later renamed Lenkoran uezd in 1845 [2] and made part of the Shamakhi Governorate in 1846. [6] Due to an earthquake in Shamakhi in 1859, the centre of the Shamakhi Governorate was moved from Shamakhi to Baku and the governorate was renamed Baku Governorate. [7] [2]

In 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Azerbaijan Democratic Republic gained brief independence. Bolshevik Baku Commune was in control of Baku at the time, and they were trying to spread their control over other places in Azerbaijan, such as Lenkoran uezd. This led to the creation of the Mughan Soviet Republic in the territories of the Lenkoran uezd on 25 April 1919, but the republic was short-lived and it collapsed 3 months later, on 27 July 1919. Subsequently, the county was integrated into Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. [8]

After the Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan in 1920, Azerbaijan was integrated into the Soviet Union and the county was abolished by Soviet authorities in 1929.

Demographics

According to the "Code of statistical data on the population of the Transcaucasian region" from 1886, the population of the county was 109,340 people, of which 50,887 (46.5%) Talysh, 50,510 (46.2%) were Azerbaijanis, 7,634 were Russians and 273 (0.2%) were Armenians. [9]

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Lenkoran uezd had a population of 130,987 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 72,492 men and 58,495 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar [lower-alpha 3] to be their mother tongue, with significant Talysh and Russian speaking minorities. [12]

Linguistic composition of the Lenkoran uezd in 1897 [12]
LanguageNative speakers%
Tatar [lower-alpha 3] 84,72564.68
Talysh 34,99126.71
Russian 9,4817.24
Armenian 4830.37
Ukrainian 2430.19
Jewish 2070.16
Polish 2050.16
Mordovian 1690.13
German 1320.10
Persian 890.07
Turkish 820.06
Tat 740.06
Georgian 170.01
Avar-Andean 140.01
Greek 90.01
Lithuanian 50.00
Belarusian 40.00
Kyurin 40.00
Swedish 20.00
Kazi-Kumukh 10.00
Other500.04
TOTAL130,987100.00

The significant share reduction of the Talysh population in comparison with the data of 1886 cannot be explained by natural demographic processes and is a consequence of the registration of Iranian-speaking Talysh as Azerbaijanis (“Caucasian Tatars”). After 1886, the Talysh did not move out and did not die out. It is clear that a significant part of the Talysh, on the basis of their language, are ranked among the Azerbaijanis (“Caucasian Tatars”). [13]

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Lenkoran uezd had a population of 203,319 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 106,891 men and 96,428 women, 195,247 of whom were the permanent population, and 8,072 were temporary residents: [14]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number%Number%Number%
Shia Muslims [lower-alpha 4] 15,14785.09161,81587.22176,96287.04
Russians 1,87410.5316,2068.7418,0808.89
Sunni Muslims [lower-alpha 5] 820.467,0863.827,1683.53
Armenians 5503.092860.158360.41
Jews 990.561180.062170.11
Other Europeans 490.2870.00560.03
TOTAL17,801100.00185,518100.00203,319100.00

Soviet census (1926)

In 1926, the population of the county rose to 208,479. [16]

Notes

  1. ↑
  2. ↑ Russian: Талышинский уезд, pre-reform orthography : Талышинскій уѣздъ, romanized: Talyshinskiy uyezd [təɫɨʂɨnskʲɪjʊ(j)ɪst]
  3. 1 2 Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani". [10] [11]
  4. ↑ Primarily Tatars. [15]
  5. ↑ Primarily Turco-Tatars. [15]

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References

  1. ↑ Исмаилов Э.Э. (2001). Генеология Талышинских-Талышхановых. Абилов, Зейналов и сыновья. p. 10. ISBN   5-87459-246-6.
  2. 1 2 3 Чичкин А.А. (2013). Друзья и враги за Кавказским хребтом. Москва: Вече. p. 27. ISBN   978-5-4444-0737-0.
  3. ↑ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 59.
  4. ↑ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 2–22.
  5. ↑ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 140–143.
  6. ↑ Исмаилов Э.Э. (2001). Генеология Талышинских-Талышхановых. Баку. p. 10. ISBN   5-87459-246-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ↑ "Administrative Territorial Division" (PDF). preslib.az. p. 9.
  8. ↑ Smele, Jonathan D. (2015). Historical Dictionary of the Russian Civil Wars, 1916-1926. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 771. ISBN   9781442252813.
  9. ↑ Закавказский статистический комитет. Свод статистических данных о населении Закавказскаго края, извлеченных из посемейных списков 1886 г. / Главноначальствующий гражданскою частию на Кавказе. — Тифлис: Тип. И. Мартиросиянца, 1893, 1893. — С. 337. — 487 с.
  10. ↑ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  11. ↑ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  12. 1 2 "Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России" (in Russian). Демоскоп.
  13. ↑ Г.Ф.ЧУРСИН. ТАЛЫШИ. — Известия кавказского историко-археологического общества. ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАМЕТКИ.. — Тифлис, 1926. — С. 15-45.
  14. ↑ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 178–181.
  15. 1 2 Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
  16. ↑ "Population of Lankaran Uyezd". Demoskop Weekly.

Bibliography

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