Kuba uezd Кубинский уезд | |
---|---|
![]() Location in the Baku Governorate | |
Country | Russian Empire |
Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
Governorate | Baku |
Established | 1840 |
Abolished | 1929 |
Capital | Kuba (present-day Quba) |
Area | |
• Total | 7,179.59 km2 (2,772.06 sq mi) |
Population (1916) | |
• Total | 198,204 |
• Density | 28/km2 (72/sq mi) |
• Urban | 13.60% |
• Rural | 86.40% |
The Kuba uezd [lower-alpha 1] was a county ( uezd ) within the Baku Governorate of Russian Empire and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolition in 1929 by Soviet authorities. The uezd was located in northern part of the Baku Governorate, bordering Caspian Sea to the east, Elizavetpol Governorate to the west, Dagestan Oblast to the north, the Geokchay, Shemakha, and Baku uezds to the south. [1] The administrative center of the uezd was the city of Kuba (present-day Quba).
The prefectures (участки, uchastki ) of the Kuba uezd in 1917 were as follow: [2] [3]
Name | Administrative centre | 1912 population | Area |
---|---|---|---|
Divichinskiy prefecture (Дивичинский участок) | Divichi (Şabran) | 41,569 | 1,764.78 square versts (2,008.43 km2 ; 775.46 sq mi ) |
Kubinskiy prefecture (Кубинский участок) | Rustov | 54,113 | 1,855.78 square versts (2,111.99 km2 ; 815.45 sq mi ) |
Kusarskiy prefecture (Кусарский участок) | Kusary (Qusar) | 53,645 | 1,437.34 square versts (1,635.78 km2 ; 631.58 sq mi ) |
Myushkyurskiy prefecture (Мюшкюрский участок) | Khachmaz | 16,540 | 1,250.71 square versts (1,423.39 km2 ; 549.57 sq mi ) |
The uezd was located on the northern slope of the eastern part of Greater Caucasus mountain range, mainly consisting of 3 main parts: Mountains, which occupies most parts of the south-west, foothills, covering most of the uezd from southwest to northeast, and lowlands, mostly in the areas bordering the Caspian sea. The highest point in the uezd, Shahdagh, is located at the western part of the uezd at 13,951 feet. [4]
The three main rivers in the uezd were Qudyal, Gilgil and Qusarchay. The Samur river formed the northern border. [4]
After the capture of the Quba Khanate by the Russian forces in 1806, during the Russo-Persian War (1804–1813), the khanate was removed and was made a province of the Russian Empire. The uezd was created in 1840 and was initially made part of the Caspian Oblast in the same year, and later part of the Shamakhi Governorate in 1846. Due to an earthquake in Shamakhi in 1859, the centre of the Shamakhi Governorate was moved from Shamakhi to Baku and the governorate was renamed Baku Governorate. [5]
In 1918, after the collapse of the Russian Empire, Azerbaijan became part of Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic. After the establishment of the Baku Commune in April 1918, [6] clashes began in the city of Baku and other uezds within the Baku Governorate, [7] called the March Days, during which 12,000 Azerbaijanis and other Muslims and 2,500 Armenians died. [8] [9] [10]
On 28 May 1918, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic declared its independence and the uezd was kept as part of its administrative units. After the Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan in 1920, Azerbaijan was integrated into the Soviet Union and the uezd was abolished by Soviet authorities in 1929.
According to the Russian Empire Census, the Kuba uezd had a population of 183,242 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 96,771 men and 86,471 women. The plurality of the population indicated Tatar [lower-alpha 2] to be their mother tongue, with significant Tat, Kyurin, and Kazi-Kumukh speaking minorities. [13]
Language | Native speakers | % |
---|---|---|
Tatar [lower-alpha 2] | 70,150 | 38.28 |
Tat | 46,430 | 25.34 |
Kyurin | 44,756 | 24.42 |
Kazi-Kumukh | 11,614 | 6.34 |
Jewish | 3,972 | 2.17 |
Russian | 2,516 | 1.37 |
Ukrainian | 1,426 | 0.78 |
Armenian | 1,191 | 0.65 |
Persian | 549 | 0.30 |
Turkish | 216 | 0.12 |
Avar-Andean | 97 | 0.05 |
Georgian | 66 | 0.04 |
Polish | 64 | 0.03 |
German | 38 | 0.02 |
Belarusian | 29 | 0.02 |
Lithuanian | 5 | 0.00 |
Mordovian | 1 | 0.00 |
Other | 122 | 0.07 |
TOTAL | 183,242 | 100.00 |
According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Kuba uezd had a population of 198,204 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 105,556 men and 92,648 women, 196,077 of whom were the permanent population, and 2,127 were temporary residents: [14]
Nationality | Urban | Rural | TOTAL | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | % | Number | % | Number | % | |
Sunni Muslims [lower-alpha 3] | 4,218 | 15.65 | 102,472 | 59.84 | 106,690 | 53.83 |
North Caucasians | 417 | 1.55 | 48,688 | 28.43 | 49,105 | 24.77 |
Shia Muslims [lower-alpha 4] | 6,830 | 25.34 | 13,627 | 7.96 | 20,457 | 10.32 |
Jews | 14,713 | 54.58 | 322 | 0.19 | 15,035 | 7.59 |
Russians | 177 | 0.66 | 5,206 | 3.04 | 5,383 | 2.72 |
Armenians | 579 | 2.15 | 933 | 0.54 | 1,512 | 0.76 |
Asiatic Christians | 22 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.00 | 22 | 0.01 |
TOTAL | 26,956 | 100.00 | 171,248 | 100.00 | 198,204 | 100.00 |
In 1926, the population of the uezd rose to 189,916 people, of which 17,902 were urban and 172,014 rural. [16]
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The Shusha uezd was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of the Ganja Governorate of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Shusha in 1840–1921.
The Aresh uezd, later known as the Agdash uezd, was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire and later of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Aresh from 1874 until its formal abolition in 1929 by Soviet authorities.
The Nukha uezd was a county (uezd) of the Elizavetpol Governorate of the Russian Empire and later of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic with its center in Nukha from 1868 until its formal abolition in 1921 by the Soviet authorities of the Azerbaijan SSR.
The Erivan uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Etchmiadzin and Surmalu uezds to the west, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, the Sharur-Daralayaz uezd to the south, and Iran to the southwest. It included most of the Ararat Province and southern parts of the Kotayk Province of central Armenia, the Sadarak District of the Nakhchivan exclave of Azerbaijan, and the Aras corridor of the Aralık District of the Iğdır Province of Turkey. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Erivan.
The Sharur-Daralayaz uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the governorate's Erivan and Nor Bayazet uezds to the north, the Nakhichevan uezd to the south, the Zangezur and Jevanshir uezds of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the east, and Persia to the southwest. It included most of the Vayots Dzor Province of present-day Armenia and the Sharur District of the Nakhchivan exclave of present-day Azerbaijan. The administrative centre of the county was Bashnorashen.
The Etchmiadzin uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Alexandropol uezd to the north, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, Erivan uezd to the north, the Surmalu uezd to the south, and the Kars Oblast to the west. It included all of the Armavir Province and most of the Aragatsotn Province of present-day Armenia. The administrative centre of the county was Vagorshapat (Vagharshapat), also referred to as Etchmiadzin—the administrative capital of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
The Ozurgeti uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Senaki uezd to the north, the Kutaisi uezd to the east, the Akhaltsikhe uezd of the Tiflis Governorate to the southeast, the Batum Okrug of the Batum Oblast to the south, and the Black Sea to the west. The area of the Ozurgeti uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Guria region of Georgia. The county was eponymously named for its administrative center, Ozurgeti.
The Javad uezd, known after 1921 as the Salyan uezd, was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929 by the Soviet authorities. The uezd was located in the central part of the governorate, bordering the Geokchay, Shemakha, and Baku uezds to the north, Caspian Sea to the east, Lenkoran uezd to the south and Iran to the west. The administrative center of the uezd was the city of Salyan.
The Zugdidi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Sukhumi Okrug to the north, the Lechkhumi uezd to the east, the Senaki uezd to the south, and the Black Sea to the west. The area of the Zugdidi uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The county was eponymously named for its administrative center, Zugdidi.
The Baku uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The uezd was located in eastern part of the Baku Governorate, bordering Caspian Sea to the east, Shemakha uezd to the west, Kuba uezd to the north and Lenkoran uezd to the south. The administrative center of the uezd was the village Sarai.
The Lenkoran uezd or Talysh uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The county was located on the southern part of the governorate, bordering Caspian Sea to the east, Javad uezd to the north, and Iran to the southwest. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Lenkoran.
The Shemakha uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The county was located in central part of the Baku Governorate, bordering the Javad uezd to the south, Baku uezd to the east, Geokchay uezd to the west and Kuba uezd to the north. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Shemakha.
The Geokchay uezd was a county (uezd) of the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The uezd was located in the central part of the governorate, bordering the Kuba uezd to the north, the Shemakha uezd to the east, the Javad uezd to the south and the Elizavetpol Governorate to the west. The administrative center of the uezd was the city of Geokchay.
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The Kutaisi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Akhaltsikhe uezd of the Tiflis Governorate to the south, the Ozurgeti and Senaki uezds to the west, the Lechkhumi and Racha uezds to the north, and the Shorapani uezd to the east. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Imereti region of Georgia. The Kutaisi uezd was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kutais.
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On one side were fighting the Soviet Red Guard; the Red International Army, recently organized by us; the Red Fleet, which we had succeeded in reorganizing in a short time; and Armenian national units. On the other side the Muslim Savage Division in which there were quite a few Russian officers, and bands of armed Muslims, led by the Musavat Party... For us the results of the battle were brilliant. The destruction of the enemy was complete... More than three thousand were killed on both sides
The tensions and fighting between the Azeris and the Armenians in the federation culminated in the massacre of some 12,000 Azeris in Baku by radical Armenians and Bolshevik troops in March 1918