Artvin okrug

Artvin *okrug*
Артвинскій округъ
Artvin okrug Артвинскій округъ
Okrug
	Coat of arms
	Location in the Batum Oblast
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Oblast	Batum
Established	1878
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk	3 March 1918
Capital	Artvin
Area
• Total	3,272.00 km2 (1,263.33 sq mi)
Population (1916)
• Total	37,414
• Density	11/km2 (30/sq mi)
• Urban	18.70%
• Rural	81.30%

Last updated August 30, 2023

The Artvin okrug^{[lower-alpha 1]} was a district ( okrug ) of the Batum Oblast of the Russian Empire, existing between 1878 and 1918. The district was eponymously named for its administrative centre, Artvin, presently part of the Artvin Province of Turkey. The district bordered with the Olti okrug to the south, the Ardahan okrug to the east, the Batumi okrug to the north, and the Ottoman Empire to the west. Between 1883 and 1903, the Artvin okrug formed a part of the Kutaisi Governorate.^[1]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties ( uchastoks ) of the Artvin okrug were:^[2]

Name	1912 population	Area
Ardanuchskiy uchastok (Арданучскій участокъ)	18,336	684.64 square versts (779.16 km² ; 300.84 sq mi )
Artvinskiy uchastok (Артвинскій участокъ)	12,804	1,120.18 square versts (1,274.83 km² ; 492.22 sq mi )
Shavsheto-Imerkhevskiy uchastok (Шавшето-Имерхевскій участокъ)	23,780	1,070.24 square versts (1,218.00 km² ; 470.27 sq mi )

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Artvin okrug had a population of 56,140 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 29,064 men and 27,076 women. The majority of the population indicated Turkish to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian and Georgian speaking minorities.^[3]

Linguistic composition of the Artvin *okrug* in 1897^[3]
Language	Native speakers	%
Turkish	41,468	73.87
Armenian	7,819	13.93
Georgian	5,506	9.81
Ukrainian	714	1.27
Russian	308	0.55
Kurdish	112	0.20
Greek	67	0.12
Polish	21	0.04
Imeretian	15	0.03
German	13	0.02
Abkhazian	6	0.01
Tatar^{[lower-alpha 2]}	5	0.01
Belarusian	4	0.01
Persian	2	0.00
Ossetian	1	0.00
Other	79	0.14
TOTAL	56,140	100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Artvin okrug had a population of 37,414 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 19,276 men and 18,138 women, 33,945 of whom were the permanent population, and 3,469 were temporary residents:^[6]

Nationality	Urban		Rural		TOTAL
Nationality	Number	%	Number	%	Number	%
Georgians	882	12.61	25,849	84.98	26,731	71.45
Armenians	5,451	77.90	3,977	13.07	9,428	25.20
Russians	217	3.10	109	0.36	326	0.87
North Caucasians	304	4.34	0	0.00	304	0.81
Shia Muslims ^{[lower-alpha 3]}	143	2.04	140	0.46	283	0.76
Roma	0	0.00	145	0.48	145	0.39
Sunni Muslims ^{[lower-alpha 4]}	0	0.00	104	0.34	104	0.28
Asiatic Christians	0	0.00	69	0.23	69	0.18
Other Europeans	0	0.00	24	0.08	24	0.06
TOTAL	6,997	100.00	30,417	100.00	37,414	100.00

Notes

↑
- Russian: Артви́нскій о́кругъ, romanized: Artvínsky ókrug
- Turkish: Artvin Okrugu
- Georgian :ართვინის ოკრუგი, romanized:artvinis ok'rugi
- Armenian: Արդվինի գավառ, romanized: Ardvini gavaṙ
↑ Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[4]^[5]
↑ Primarily Tatars.^[7]
↑ Primarily Turco-Tatars.^[7]

Related Research Articles

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References

↑ Tsutsiev 2014.
↑ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 144–147.
1 2 "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
↑ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
↑ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
↑ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 182–185.
1 2 Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.

Bibliography

Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.

Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

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Oblasts of Stepnoy Krai	Akmolinsk Siberia Kirgiz Semipalatinsk
Oblasts of Turkestan Krai	Transcaspian Samarkand Semirechye Oblast Syr-Darya Oblast Turkestan Fergana
Caucasus Viceroyalty	Baku (Governorate) Black Sea Derbent Elizavetpol Erivan Georgia-Imeretia Georgia Kutaisi Shemakha Tiflis Armenian Batum Dagestan Imeretia Kars Kuban Terek Sukhumi Zakatal Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
Baltic Governorates³	Courland Livonia Reval Riga Estonia
Governorates of Finland	Abo-Byorneborg Vaza Vyborg Kuopio Nyuland Sankt-Mikhel Tavastgus Uleaborg
Governorates of Poland	Avgustov Warsaw Kalish Keltsy Krakov Lomzha Lyublin Mazovia Petrokov Plotsk Podlyashye Radom Sandomir Sedlets Suvalki
Governorates of Galicia and Bukovina	Lvov Peremyshl Tarnopol Chernovtsy
Dependencies	Bukey Horde Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Russian America Uryankhay Krai² Khanate of Khiva Zeravshan Okrug*
¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (*) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.