Tionety uezd

Tionety *uezd*
Тіонетскій уѣздъ
Tionety uezd Тіонетскій уѣздъ
Uezd
	Coat of arms
	Location in the Tiflis Governorate
Country	Russian Empire
Governorate	Tiflis
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Established	1874
Abolished	1930
Capital	Tionety; (present-day Tianeti)
Area
• Total	4,836.83 km2 (1,867.51 sq mi)
Population (1916)
• Total	49,350
• Density	10/km2 (26/sq mi)
• Rural	100.00%

Last updated February 07, 2023

The Tionety uezd^{[lower-alpha 1]} was a county ( uezd ) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Tionety (present-day Tianeti).^[1] The area of the uezd roughly corresponded to the contemporary Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of Georgia.

History

Following the Russian Revolution, the Tionety uezd was incorporated into the short-lived Democratic Republic of Georgia.^[1]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties ( uchastoks ) of the Tionety uezd in 1913 were as follows:^[2]

Name	1912 population	Area
Pshavo-Khevsuretskiy uchastok (Пшаво-Хевсуретскій участокъ)	13,967	1,781.87 square versts (2,027.88 km² ; 782.97 sq mi )
Tushino-Kakhetinskiy uchastok (Тушино-Кахетинскій участокъ)	13,017	1,601.16 square versts (1,822.22 km² ; 703.56 sq mi )
Ertsoyskiy uchastok (Эрцойскій участокъ)	16,403	867.03 square versts (986.73 km² ; 380.98 sq mi )

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Tionety uezd had a population of 34,153 on 28 January [ O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 16,431 men and 17,722 women. The majority of the population indicated Georgian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Chechen speaking minority.^[3]

Linguistic composition of the Tionety *uezd* in 1897^[3]
Language	Native speakers	%
Georgian	30,302	88.72
Chechen	2,113	6.19
Russian	637	1.87
Armenian	538	1.58
Kist	284	0.83
Ossetian	227	0.66
Persian	24	0.07
Turkish	10	0.03
Avar-Andean	6	0.02
Greek	5	0.01
Tatar^{[lower-alpha 2]}	3	0.01
Belarusian	1	0.00
French	1	0.00
Jewish	1	0.00
Polish	1	0.00
TOTAL	34,153	100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar , the Tionety uezd had a population of 49,350 on 14 January [ O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 24,402 men and 24,948 women, 48,666 of whom were the permanent population, and 684 were temporary residents:^[6]

Nationality	Number	%
Georgians	47,515	96.28
Armenians	1,726	3.50
Russians	56	0.11
North Caucasians	39	0.08
Jews	12	0.02
Other Europeans	2	0.00
TOTAL	49,350	100.00

Notes

↑
- Russian: Тіоне́тскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Tionétsky uyézd
- Georgian :თიანეთის მაზრა, romanized:tianetis mazra
↑ Prior to 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918 with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[4]^[5]

Related Research Articles

The Borchaly uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and later of the independent and Soviet republics of Georgia. Its administrative center was the town of Shulavery. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary Lori Province of Armenia and the Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia.

The Dagestan oblast was a province (oblast) of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of present-day southeastern Dagestan within the Russian Federation. The Dagestan oblast was created in 1860 out of the territories of the former Caucasian Imamate, bordering the Terek Oblast to the north, the Tiflis Governorate and Zakatal Okrug to the west, the Elizavetpol Governorate to the south, and Baku Governorate to the east. The administrative center of the oblast was Temir-Khan-Shura.

The Etchmiadzin uezd was a county (uezd) of the Erivan Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The uezd bordered the Alexandropol uezd to the north, the Nor Bayazet uezd to the east, Erivan uezd to the north, the Surmalu uezd to the south, and the Kars Oblast to the west. It included all of the Armavir Province and most of the Aragatsotn Province of present-day Armenia. The administrative centre of the county was Vagorshapat (Vagharshapat), also referred to as Etchmiadzin—the administrative capital of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

The Ozurgeti uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Senaki uezd to the north, the Kutaisi uezd to the east, the Akhaltsikhe uezd of the Tiflis Governorate to the southeast, the Batum Okrug of the Batum Oblast to the south, and the Black Sea to the west. The area of the Ozurgeti uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Guria region of Georgia. The county was eponymously named for its administrative center, Ozurgeti.

The Zugdidi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Sukhumi Okrug to the north, the Lechkhumi uezd to the east, the Senaki uezd to the south, and the Black Sea to the west. The area of the Zugdidi uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The county was eponymously named for its administrative center, Zugdidi.

The Shemakha uezd was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The county was located in central part of the Baku Governorate, bordering the Javad uezd to the south, Baku uezd to the east, Geokchay uezd to the west and Kuba uezd to the north. The administrative centre of the county was the city of Shemakha.

The Geokchay uezd was a county (uezd) of the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire and then of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The uezd was located in the central part of the governorate, bordering the Kuba uezd to the north, the Shemakha uezd to the east, the Javad uezd to the south and the Elizavetpol Governorate to the west. The administrative center of the uezd was the city of Geokchay.

The Akhalkalaki uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Akhalkalak. The county bordered the Gori uezd to the north, the Borchaly uezd to the east, the Alexandropol uezd of the Erivan Governorate and the Kars and Ardahan okrugs of the Kars Oblast to the south, and the Akhaltsikhe uezd to the west. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary Samtskhe–Javakheti region of Georgia.

The Akhaltsikhe uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative center in Akhaltsikh. The uezd bordered the Gori uezd and the Kutaisi Governorate to the north, the Akhalkalaki uezd to the east, the Ardahan Okrug of the Kars Oblast to the south, and the Batum Okrug of the Batum Oblast to the west. The area of the uezd roughly corresponded to the contemporary Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia.

The Gori uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative center in Gori. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary Shida Kartli region of Georgia.

The Dusheti uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Dushet. The area of the uezd roughly corresponded to the contemporary Mtskheta-Mtianeti region of Georgia.

The Signakh uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Signakh. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary Kakheti region of Georgia.

The Telavi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative center in Telavi. The area of the county roughly corresponded to the contemporary Samtskhe-Javakheti region of Georgia.

The Tiflis uezd was a county (uezd) of the Tiflis Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, and then of Democratic Republic of Georgia, with its administrative centre in Tiflis. The area of the uezd roughly corresponded to the contemporary Kvemo Kartli region of Georgia. The district bordered the Telavi uezd to the northeast, the Tionety and Dusheti uezds to the north, the Gori uezd to the northwest, the Borchaly uezd to the west, the Kazakh uezd of the Elizavetpol Governorate to the south, and the Signakh uezd to the east.

The Kutaisi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Akhaltsikhe uezd of the Tiflis Governorate to the south, the Ozurgeti and Senaki uezds to the west, the Lechkhumi and Racha uezds to the north, and the Shorapani uezd to the east. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Imereti region of Georgia. The Kutaisi uezd was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kutais.

The Lechkhumi uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Terek and Kuban oblasts to the north, the Sukhumi Okrug to the west, the Zugdidi, Senaki, and Kutais uezds to the south and the Racha uezd to the east. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The administrative center of the Lechkhumi uezd was the town of Tsageri.

The Senaki uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Zugdidi uezd to the west, the Lechkhumi uezd to the north, the Kutaisi uezd to the east, and the Ozurgeti uezd to the south. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti region of Georgia. The Senaki uezd was eponymously named for its administrative center, Senaki.

The Shorapani uezd was a county (uezd) of the Kutaisi Governorate of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Racha uezd to the north, the Kutaisi uezd to the west, and the Tiflis Governorate to the east. The area of the uezd corresponded to most of the contemporary Imereti region of Georgia. The administrative center of the Shorapani uezd was Kvirila.

The Avarsky okrug was a district (okrug) of the Dagestan Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Avarsky okrug is included in contemporary Dagestan of the Russian Federation. The district's administrative centre was Khunzakh.

The Groznensky okrug was a district (okrug) of the Terek Oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. The area of the Groznensky okrug made up part of the North Caucasian Federal District of Russia. The district was eponymously named for its administrative centre, Grozny.

References

1 2 Tsutsiev 2014.
↑ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 164–175.
1 2 "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
↑ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
↑ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
↑ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 206–213.

Bibliography

Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.
Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
Kazemzadeh, Firuz (1951). The Struggle for Transcaucasia (1917–1921). New York City: Philosophical Library. ISBN 978-0-95-600040-8.
Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088.

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[1] 
Russian: Тіоне́тскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Tionétsky uyézd
Georgian :თიანეთის მაზრა, romanized:tianetis mazra

[mw4Q] Russian: Тіоне́тскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Tionétsky uyézd

[mw6g] Georgian :თიანეთის მაზრა, romanized:tianetis mazra

[Caucasian_Tatars-7] Prior to 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918 with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".^[4]^[5]

[FOOTNOTETsutsiev2014-2] 1 2 Tsutsiev 2014.

[FOOTNOTEКавказский_календарь_на_1913_год164–175-3] Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 164–175.

[:0-4] 1 2 "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-30.

[FOOTNOTEBournoutian201835_(note_25)-5] Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).

[FOOTNOTETsutsiev201450-6] Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.

[FOOTNOTEКавказский_календарь_на_1917_год206–213-8] Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 206–213.

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v t e Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Governorates (List)	Azov ¹ Altai² Arkhangelsk Archangelgorod* Astrakhan Belgorod Bessarabia Bratslav Byelorussia Caucasus Chernigov Grodno Finland Iziaslav Ingermanland Irkutsk Kazan Kaluga Kiev (1708) Kiev Kharkov Kherson Kholm Kovno Kolyvan Kostroma Kursk Lithuania Little Russia (1764) Little Russia (1796) Minsk Mogilev Moscow Nikolayev Nizhny Novgorod Novhorod-Siverskyi Novgorod Novorossiysk Olonets Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Petrograd² Podolia Polotsk* Poltava Pskov Ryazan Samara Saint Petersburg Saratov Siberia Simbirsk Sloboda Ukraine Slonim Smolensk Stavropol Taurida Tambov Tver Tobolsk Tomsk Tula Ufa Vilna Vitebsk Vladimir Voznesensk Vologda Volhynian Voronezh Vyatka Vyborg Yaroslavl Yekaterinoslav Yeniseysk
Oblasts	Amur Belostok Bessarabia Don Host Zabaikalye Kamchatka Caspian Kwantung Orenburg Kirgiz Omsk Primorskaya Sakhalin Taurida Tarnopol Turgay Ural Yakut
Oblasts of Stepnoy Krai	Akmolinsk Siberia Kirgiz Semipalatinsk
Oblasts of Turkestan Krai	Transcaspian Samarkand Semirechye Oblast Syr-Darya Oblast Turkestan Fergana
Caucasus Viceroyalty	Baku (Governorate) Black Sea Derbent Elizavetpol Erivan Georgia-Imeretia Georgia Kutaisi Shemakha Tiflis Armenian Batum Dagestan Imeretia Kars Kuban Terek Sukhumi Zakatal Baku (Gradonachalstvo)
Baltic Governorates³	Courland Livonia Reval Riga Estonia
Governorates of Finland	Abo-Byorneborg Vaza Vyborg Kuopio Nyuland Sankt-Mikhel Tavastgus Uleaborg
Governorates of Poland	Avgustov Varshava Kalish Keltsy Krakov Lomzha Lyublin Mazovia Petrokov Plotsk Podlyashye Radom Sandomir Sedlets Suvalki
Governorates of Galicia and Bukovina	Lvov Peremyshl Tarnopol Chernovtsy
Dependencies	Bukey Horde Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Russian America Uryankhay Krai Khanate of Khiva Zeravshan Okrug
¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (*) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.