List of companies operating trains in the United Kingdom

Last updated

There are many companies operating trains in the United Kingdom, including the operators of franchised passenger services, officially referred to as train operating companies (TOCs), as distinct from freight operating companies.

Contents

Passenger operators in Great Britain

OperatorTypeFranchiseParent(s)Passenger
satisfaction [1]
Start dateReplacedCode
Arriva Rail London (Trading as: London Overground) TfL concession London Overground Arriva UK Trains 87%13 November 2016 [2] [3] [4] London Overground Rail Operations LO
Avanti West Coast Franchise West Coast Partnership
84%8 December 2019 Virgin Trains West Coast VT
c2c Essex Thameside Trenitalia 84%26 May 1996 Network SouthEast
(London, Tilbury & Southend Division)
CC
Caledonian Sleeper Caledonian Sleeper Scottish Rail Holdings 25 June 2023 Caledonian Sleeper (Serco)CS
Chiltern Railways Chiltern Railways Arriva UK Trains 88%21 July 1996 Network SouthEast (Chiltern Division)CH
CrossCountry New CrossCountry85%11 November 2007 Central Trains
(Birmingham – Stansted), (Cardiff – Nottingham)
Virgin CrossCountry
XC
East Midlands Railway East Midlands Transport UK Group 83%18 August 2019
EM
Elizabeth line TfL concession Crossrail MTR Elizabeth line 89%31 May 2015 (as TfL Rail)
XR
Eurostar Open access Eurostar Group 14 November 1994ES
Govia Thameslink Railway (Trading as: Gatwick Express, Great Northern, Southern and Thameslink)Franchise Thameslink, Southern & Great Northern Govia 80%14 September 2014SN, TL, GN, GX
Grand Central [5] Open access Arriva UK Trains 95%18 December 2007GC
Greater Anglia (also operating Stansted Express)Franchise East Anglia 77%16 October 2016 [6] National Express East Anglia LE
Great Western Railway Greater Western FirstGroup 86%1 April 2006GW
Heathrow Express Open access Heathrow Airport Holdings 94%23 June 1998HX
Hull Trains FirstGroup 92%25 September 2002HT
London North Eastern Railway Franchise InterCity East Coast DfT Operator 91%24 June 2018 Virgin Trains East Coast GR
Lumo Open access FirstGroup 25 October 2021LD
Merseyrail Merseytravel contractMerseyrail Serco-Abellio 90%20 July 2003 Arriva Trains Merseyside ME
Northern Trains FranchiseNorthern DfT Operator 77%1 March 2020 Arriva Rail North NT
ScotRail ScotRail Scottish Rail Holdings 1 April 2022 Abellio ScotRail SR
Southeastern South Eastern DfT Operator 17 October 2021 Southeastern (Govia)SE
South Western Railway (also operating Island Line) South Western 75%20 August 2017 South West Trains SW, IL
TransPennine Express TransPennine Express DfT Operator  28 May 2023 TransPennine Express (FirstGroup)TP
Transport for Wales Rail Wales & Borders Transport for Wales 7 February 2021 KeolisAmey Wales AW
West Midlands Trains (Trading as: West Midlands Railway and London Northwestern Railway)West Midlands
79%10 December 2017 [7] London Midland LM

    There are also a number of light rail systems.

    Defunct operating companies

    Operating companies have ceased to exist for various reasons, including withdrawal of the franchise, the term of the franchise has expired, bankruptcy or merger.

    OperatorTypeFranchiseParent(s)Date startedDate ceasedReplaced byCode
    Abellio ScotRail FranchiseScotRail Abellio 1 April 201531 March 2022 ScotRail (Scottish Government)SR
    Anglia Railways Anglia GB Railways 5 January 199731 March 2004 One AR
    Arriva Trains Wales Wales & Borders Arriva UK Trains 8 December 200313 October 2018 [8] KeolisAmey Wales AW
    Arriva Trains Merseyside Merseytravel contract MerseyrailFebruary 200020 July 2003 Merseyrail ME
    Arriva Trains Northern FranchiseRegional Railways North East2 March 199712 December 2004AN
    Arriva Rail North Northern1 April 201629 February 2020 Northern Trains NT
    Caledonian Sleeper (Serco) Caledonian Sleeper Serco 31 March 201524 June 2023 Caledonian Sleeper
    (Scottish Rail Holdings)
    CS
    Central Trains Central National Express 2 March 199710 November 2007CT
    Connex South Central Network SouthCentral Connex 13 October 199616 June 2001 Southern CX
    Connex South Eastern South Eastern26 May 19969 November 2003 South Eastern Trains
    East Coast InterCity East Coast Directly Operated Railways 14 November 200928 February 2015 Virgin Trains East Coast GR
    East Midlands Trains East Midlands Stagecoach 11 November 200717 August 2019 East Midlands Railway EM
    First Capital Connect Thameslink Great Northern FirstGroup 1 April 200613 September 2014 Govia Thameslink Railway FC
    First Great Eastern Great Eastern FirstGroup 5 January 199731 March 2004 National Express East Anglia GE
    First Great Western Link Thames FirstGroup 1 April 200431 March 2006 First Great Western FK
    First North Western North West Regional Railways FirstGroup 2 March 199712 December 2004NW
    First ScotRail Scotrail FirstGroup 17 October 200431 March 2015 Abellio ScotRail SR
    First TransPennine Express TransPennine Express
    1 February 200431 March 2016 TransPennine Express TP
    Gatwick Express Gatwick Express National Express 28 April 199622 June 2008 Southern GX
    Great North Eastern Railway InterCity East Coast Sea Containers 28 April 19968 December 2007 National Express East Coast GR
    Great Western Trains Great Western Great Western Holdings 4 February 1996March 1998 First Great Western GW
    Heathrow Connect Open Access Heathrow Airport Holdings, FirstGroup 12 June 200519 May 2018 TfL Rail HC
    Island Line FranchiseIsland Line Stagecoach 13 October 19963 February 2007 South West Trains IL
    London Midland West Midlands Govia 11 November 20079 December 2017 West Midlands Trains LM
    London Overground Rail Operations TfL concession London Overground 11 November 200712 November 2016 [9] Arriva Rail London LO
    Merseyrail Electrics Merseytravel contract Merseyrail MTL 19 January 1997February 2000 Arriva Trains Merseyside ME
    Midland Mainline FranchiseMidland Main Line National Express 28 February 199610 November 2007 East Midlands Trains ML
    National Express East Anglia Greater Anglia 1 April 20045 February 2012 Greater Anglia LE
    National Express East Coast InterCity East Coast 9 December 200713 November 2009 East Coast GR
    Northern Rail Northern Rail Serco-Abellio 12 December 200431 March 2016 Arriva Rail North NT
    Northern Spirit Regional Railways North East MTL 2 March 1997February 2000 Arriva Trains Northern NS
    North Western Trains North West Regional Railways Great Western Holdings 2 March 1997March 1998 First North Western NW
    ScotRail ScotRail National Express 31 March 199717 October 2004 First ScotRail SR
    Silverlink North London Railways2 March 199710 November 2007SS
    Southeastern Integrated Kent Govia 1 April 200616 October 2021 Southeastern SE
    South Eastern Trains South Eastern Strategic Rail Authority 9 November 200331 March 2006 Southeastern SE
    South West Trains South Western Stagecoach 4 February 200719 August 2017 [10] South Western Railway SW
    Southern South Central Govia 26 August 200125 July 2015 Govia Thameslink Railway SN
    Thames Trains Thames Go-Ahead Group 13 October 199631 March 2004 First Great Western Link TT
    Thameslink Thameslink Govia 2 March 199731 March 2006 First Capital Connect TR
    TransPennine Express TransPennine Express FirstGroup 1 April 201628 May 2023 TransPennine Trains
    (trading as TransPennine Express)
    TP
    KeolisAmey Wales Wales & Borders Keolis/Amey 14 October 20186 February 2021 Transport for Wales Rail AW
    Valley Lines Valley Lines National Express 13 October 199613 October 2001 Wales & Borders VL
    Virgin Trains East Coast InterCity East Coast1 March 201523 June 2018 London North Eastern Railway GR
    Virgin CrossCountry CrossCountry Virgin Rail Group 5 January 199710 November 2007VXC
    Virgin Trains West Coast InterCity West Coast 9 March 19977 December 2019 [11] Avanti West Coast VT
    West Anglia Great Northern (West Anglia Main Line and Lea Valley Lines)West Anglia Great Northern National Express 5 January 199731 March 2004 One WN
    West Anglia Great Northern (Great Northern and Fenline routes)West Anglia Great Northern National Express 5 January 199731 March 2006 First Capital Connect
    Wales & Borders Wales & Borders National Express 14 October 20017 December 2003 Arriva Trains Wales WB
    Wales & West Wales & West National Express 13 October 199613 October 2001WW
    Wessex Trains Wessex National Express 14 October 200131 March 2006 First Great Western WE
    Wrexham & Shropshire Open accessWrexham to London DB Regio 28 April 200828 January 2011Ceased due to lack of profitabilityWS

    Passenger operators in Northern Ireland

    In Northern Ireland, passenger trains are NI/Ireland government-owned by Translink or the National Transport Authority. The following brands are used:

    UK Railtour operators

    Luxury railtours

    In Northern Ireland

    Defunct:

    Freight operators

    Franchised passenger operator structure in Great Britain

    Sector of British RailFranchisePre-grouping companyOriginal privatised operatorCurrent operator(s)
    InterCity Caledonian SleeperN/A ScotRail Caledonian Sleeper
    East Midlands Midland Railway Midland Mainline East Midlands Railway
    Greater Western Great Western RailwayGreat Western Trains Great Western Railway
    InterCity East Coast Great Northern Railway Great North Eastern Railway London North Eastern Railway
    New CrossCountryN/A Virgin CrossCountry CrossCountry
    West Coast Partnership London & North Western Railway Virgin Trains West Coast Avanti West Coast
    Network SouthEast Chiltern Great Central Railway Chiltern Railways
    East Anglia Great Eastern Railway Anglia Railways Greater Anglia
    Essex Thameside London, Tilbury & Southend Railway LTS Rail c2c
    South Eastern South Eastern & Chatham Railway Connex South Eastern Southeastern
    South Western London & South Western Railway South West Trains South Western Railway
    Thameslink, Southern & Great Northern London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Thameslink
    Connex South Central
    West Anglia Great Northern
    (Great Northern and Fenline routes)
    Thameslink
    Southern
    Great Northern
    (Govia Thameslink Railway)
    West MidlandsN/A Central Trains West Midlands Railway
    London Northwestern Railway
    (West Midlands Trains)
    Regional Railways Wales & Borders Predominantly London & North Western Railway Wales & Borders Transport for Wales Rail
    TransPennine Express North Western Trains TransPennine Express
    Northern Northern Spirit Northern Trains
    ScotRail Caledonian Railway, Glasgow & South Western Railway,
    Great North of Scotland Railway, Highland Railway and
    North British Railway
    ScotRail ScotRail

    See also

    Related Research Articles

    Most of the transport system in Ireland is in public hands, either side of the Irish border. The Irish road network has evolved separately in the two jurisdictions into which Ireland is divided, while the Irish rail network was mostly created prior to the partition of Ireland.

    Arriva Ltd. is a British multinational public transport company headquartered in Sunderland, England.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Arriva Trains Wales</span> British transport company that operated in Wales, United Kingdom

    Arriva Trains Wales was a British train operating company owned by Arriva UK Trains that operated the Wales & Borders franchise. It ran urban and inter-urban passenger services to all railway stations in Wales, including Cardiff Central, Cardiff Queen Street, Newport, Swansea, Wrexham General and Holyhead, as well as to certain stations in England such as Hereford, Shrewsbury, Chester, Crewe, Manchester Piccadilly and Birmingham New Street.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Rail transport in Ireland</span>

    Rail transport in Ireland is provided by Iarnród Éireann in the Republic of Ireland and by Northern Ireland Railways in Northern Ireland.

    There are effectively two separate mainline railway systems in the United Kingdom – the Great Britain system and the Northern Ireland system, which are regulated and operated separately, and are constituted under separate pieces of United Kingdom legislation.

    FirstGroup plc is a British multi-national transport group, based in Aberdeen, Scotland. The company operates transport services in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. It is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 250 Index.

    In the railway system of Great Britain, a train operating company (TOC) is a railway undertaking operating passenger trains under the collective National Rail brand. TOCs have existed since the privatisation of the network under the Railways Act 1993.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">London Rail</span> Directorate of Transport for London

    London Rail was a directorate of Transport for London (TfL), involved in the relationship with the National Rail network within Greater London, UK which managed TfL's non-London Underground train services.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Rail</span> Former British train operating company

    Northern Rail, branded as Northern, was an English train operating company owned by Serco-Abellio that operated the Northern Rail franchise from 2004 until 2016. It was the primary passenger train operator in Northern England, and operated the most stations of any train operating company in the United Kingdom. Northern Rail was replaced on 1 April 2016 by Arriva Rail North.

    A railtour is a special train which is run in order to allow people to experience rail travel which is not normally available using timetabled passenger services. The 'unusual' aspect may be the route of the train, the destination, the occasion, specific sections of railway track, the locomotive hauling the train, the rolling stock, or any combination of these. Organisers may own or hire locomotives or rolling stock, or tours may be organised by railway management or other bodies outside the railway fraternity. Perhaps the most famous railtour in England was the Fifteen Guinea Special, the last steam hauled main line train run by British Rail. Railtours are often identifiable through the use of a train headboard, often identifying the name of the specific tour or the tour operator. On TOPS, railtours are usually given a 1Zxx headcode. Exceptions to this rule include regularly scheduled railtours such as the Belmond British Pullman operated Venice-Simplon Orient Express trains.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">London Overground</span> London suburban rail network

    London Overground is a suburban rail network serving London and its environs. Established in 2007 to take over Silverlink Metro routes, it now serves a large part of Greater London as well as Hertfordshire, with 113 stations on the six lines that make up the network.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Chingford branch line</span> Railway line in London, England

    The Chingford branch line is a railway line between Clapton Junction and Chingford station. Services run between Liverpool Street station and Chingford, and are operated by London Overground. The branch is part of the Lea Valley Lines.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Arriva UK Trains</span> Company that oversees Arrivas British train operations

    Arriva UK Trains Limited is the company that oversees Arriva's train operating companies in the United Kingdom. It gained its first franchises in February 2000. These were later lost, though several others were gained. In January 2010, with the take-over of Arriva by Deutsche Bahn, Arriva UK Trains also took over the running of those formerly overseen by DB Regio UK Limited.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Passenger rail franchising in Great Britain</span> Outsourcing of rail transport

    Passenger rail franchising in Great Britain is the system of contracting the operation of the passenger services on the railways of Great Britain to private companies, which has been in effect since 1996 and was greatly altered in 2020, with rail franchising being effectively abolished in May 2021. In 2024 rail franchising was formally abolished, with rail contracts set to enter government control at the expiration of their contracts from 2025 onwards.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">London Overground Rail Operations</span> Former train operating company

    London Overground Rail Operations Limited was a train operating company contracted to operate the London Overground train service on the National Rail network, under the franchise control of Transport for London. The company was a 50/50 joint venture between Arriva UK Trains and MTR Corporation.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Serco-Abellio</span> Railway operating company joint venture

    Serco-Abellio is a joint venture between Serco and Transport UK Group, each owning 50%. The joint venture is the train operating company of the Merseyrail franchise since July 2003 in the Liverpool City Region. It previously operated the Northern Rail franchise in Northern England from December 2004 until March 2016.

    Abellio is a Dutch public transport company that operates bus and rail services in Germany, and formerly also in Czech Republic, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. It is wholly owned by the Dutch national railway company, Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS).

    <i>Belmond Grand Hibernian</i> Irish luxury train service (2016–2021)

    The Belmond Grand Hibernian was a luxury train service in Ireland. The service was operated by Belmond, the operator of several other luxury trains including the Venice Simplon Orient Express. It was officially launched on 30 August 2016 and ceased on 18 February 2021. The carriages were transferred to England, and after a complete redesign, will enter to service again as Britannic Explorer from July 2025.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">East Anglia franchise</span> British passenger railway franchise

    The East Anglia franchise is a railway franchise for passenger trains on the Great Eastern Main Line and West Anglia Main Lines in England. It commenced operation in April 2004 when the Anglia and Great Eastern franchises, together with the West Anglia part of the West Anglia Great Northern franchise, were combined to form the Greater Anglia franchise.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Arriva Rail London</span> British train operating company in London

    Arriva Rail London is a train operating company owned by Arriva UK Trains that operates the London Overground concession on behalf of Transport for London.

    References

    1. "National Rail Passenger Survey Spring 2020". Transport Focus. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 12 August 2020.
    2. Arriva wins £1.5bn London Overground contract BBC News 18 March 2016
    3. Transport for London announces intention to award London Overground contract to Arriva Archived 8 August 2016 at the Wayback Machine Arriva 18 March 2016
    4. TfL confirm London Overground contract with Arriva signed Railway Technology Magazine 18 April 2016
    5. In May 2010 Grand Northern services began, branded Grand Central to allow a single fleet pool to be used.
    6. "Railway plan puts new focus on passengers". Department for Transport. 26 March 2013.
    7. "Rail franchise schedule" (PDF). Department of Transport. 19 July 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2018. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
    8. "ASLEF - Franchise Information". Archived from the original on 24 January 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
    9. Transport for London. "Media". tfl.gov.uk.
    10. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/533363/swf-itt.pdf [ dead link ]
    11. "FirstGroup replaces Virgin to run West Coast route". BBC Sport. 14 August 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.