The 24 Hours of Le Mans (French : 24 Heures du Mans) is an annual 24-hour automobile endurance race organised by the automotive group Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and held on the Circuit de la Sarthe race track close to the city of Le Mans, the capital of the French department of Sarthe. [1] [2] It was first staged as the Grand Prix of Endurance and Efficiency in 1923, [3] after the automotive journalist Charles Faroux, the ACO general secretary Georges Durand and the industrialist Emile Coquile agreed to hold the race for car manufacturers to test vehicle durability, equipment and reliability. [1] From the first event in 1923, the ACO advocated sexual equality by permitting women to participate at Le Mans, ranking them equally with men under its performance standards. [4] After the fatal accident of Annie Bousquet at the 1956 12 Hours of Reims, the ACO barred women from entry. [lower-alpha 1] [6] as well as spectator deaths in the 1955 Le Mans disaster and the 1957 Mille Miglia. [7] The restriction was lifted in 1971, possibly due to the women's liberation movement reaching French motorsport. [8]
As of the 2024 24 Hours of Le Mans , [update] there have been 66 female drivers representing 15 countries who have started the race a total of 158 times and have finished on 88 occasions. [lower-alpha 2] [10] Anne-Charlotte Verney of France holds the record for the most starts in the race with ten. [11] Belgian Vanina Ickx and Rahel Frey are second with seven starts each and Marie-Claude Beaumont of France and Michelle Gatting of Denmark are third with six starts each. The first two female drivers to compete at the event were Marguerite Mareuse and Odette Siko in 1930. France is the most represented country, having produced 23 female participants, followed by the United Kingdom with 16 female drivers and Belgium with five female racers. Colombia and the Netherlands became the latest countries to be represented when Tatiana Calderón and Beitske Visser made their debuts in 2020. The most recent woman to make her Le Mans debut was Doriane Pin in 2023. [10]
Since the first race in 1923, there have been 30 all-female squads, consisting of either two or three drivers. There have been two all-female teams who have won their class. [10] The first all-female crew to win their category was the "Christine" – Ecurie Seiko team of Christine Beckers, Yvette Fontaine and Marie Laurent in the 1974 edition and the second was the Société Esso trio of Christine Dacremont, Marianne Hoepfner and Michèle Mouton in the 1975 race. [12] [13] The race to feature the highest number of all-female squads was the 1935 event featuring four teams. [10] The highest overall finish by an individual woman at Le Mans was achieved by Siko, who came fourth in the 1932 edition. The best performing all-female team was the seventh-placed Mme Mareuse duo of Maruese and Siko in the 1930 edition. [11]
1 | Number in the best finish column denotes a driver's highest finish |
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DNF | Did not finish |
NC | Not classified |
Country | First | Drivers | Starts | Top 10 | Class Win |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
France | 1930 | 23 | 55 | 4 | 10 |
United Kingdom | 1931 | 16 | 20 | 0 | 0 |
Belgium | 1954 | 4 | 17 | 1 | 1 |
Switzerland | 1993 | 4 | 14 | 1 | 0 |
United States | 1984 | 4 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
Italy | 1975 | 3 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Japan | 1992 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Denmark | 2016 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
Germany | 1997 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
Canada | 1934 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
South Africa | 1982 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Australia | 1935 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Colombia | 2020 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Netherlands | 2020 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
Venezuela | 2001 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
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The Automobile Club de l'Ouest, sometimes abbreviated to ACO, is the largest automotive group in France. It was founded in 1906 by car building and racing enthusiasts, and is most famous for being the organising entity behind the annual Le Mans 24 Hours race. The ACO also lobbies on behalf of French drivers on such issues as road building and maintenance, the availability of driving schools and road safety classes, and the incorporation of technical innovations into new vehicles. It also runs a roadside assistance service for its members.
The Mercedes-Benz CLR was a prototype race car developed by Mercedes-Benz in collaboration with in-house tuning division AMG and motorsports specialists HWA GmbH. Designed to meet Le Mans Grand Touring Prototype (LMGTP) regulations, the CLRs were intended to compete in sports car events during 1999, most notably at the 24 Hours of Le Mans which Mercedes had last won in 1989. It was the third iteration in Mercedes' 1990s sports cars, succeeding the Mercedes-Benz CLK LM, which in turn was born of the CLK GTR. Similar to its predecessors, CLR retained elements of Mercedes-Benz's production cars, including a V8 engine loosely based on the Mercedes M119 as well as a front fascia, headlamps, and grille inspired by the then new Mercedes flagship CL Class.
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Michel Cosson was a French businessman. He was Director-General of Les Mutuelles du Mans Assurances from 1986 to 1992 and President of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) from 1992 to 2003. A prominent figure in motor racing, he was known for aiding the financial recovery of the 24 Hours of Le Mans in the 1990s and the creation of similar competitions abroad.