Circuit de la Sarthe track mapThe race-winning No. 51 Ferrari 499P
The 91st 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 91e 24 Heures du Mans), also known as the Centenary 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: Centenaire des 24 Heures du Mans), was an automobile endurance race for teams of three drivers each racing Prototype and Grand Touring cars held from 10 to 11 June 2023 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, near Le Mans, France, in front of 325,000 spectators. It was the 91st edition of the Automobile Club de l'Ouest's 24-hour race, its centenary anniversary edition and the fourth round of the 2023 FIA World Endurance Championship (WEC). The week before the event, on 4 June, there was a test day.
Following a lengthy analysis of the safety car's use by the race organiser, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest, dating back to the 2018 event, in which Porsche won the Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance Professional class (LMGTE Pro) by a large margin, a new procedure was implemented, with the goal of reducing the safety car's impact on the race.[4][5] Three safety cars would be deployed, but two of them would be removed, allowing every car to circulate behind the remaining safety car. This would allow any lapped vehicles to pass the sole remaining safety car and go around the circuit until they reached the end of the queue. The field would then be sorted from fastest to slowest car categories, and racing would resume. This procedure would not be used in the race's final hour.[6] Cars could still make pit stops during safety car periods until the pit lane exit was closed by the single safety car system.[7] The system was tested during test day a week before the race.[5]
The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and the ACO suspended a ban on tyre warmers (designed to provide additional grip to tyres at the start of a stint) to reduce the championship's environmental impact only for the race at Le Mans across all car categories. Concerns made by drivers at the preceding 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps race weekend, where many cars slid off the track on cold tyres and crashed in changing conditions, forced the modification.[8] LMGTE Pro was dropped from the race in 2023, leaving only the Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance Amateur (LMGTE Am) class.[9]
Entries
Entry to the race was open from 8 December 2022 to 21 February 2023. The ACO Selection Committee granted 62 invitations and entries were divided between the Le Mans Hypercar (Hypercar), Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) and LMGTE Am categories.[10]
Automatic entries
Teams that won championships in the European Le Mans Series (ELMS), Asian Le Mans Series (ALMS) and Michelin Le Mans Cup (MLMC) earned automatic entry invitations. Second-place finishers in the 2022 ELMS LMP2 and LMGTE championships also received an automatic invitation.[11] All current WEC full-season entries were automatically invited. The ACO selected three IMSA SportsCar Championship (WTSC) teams as automatic enties, regardless of performance or category.[12] Teams that earned automatic LMP2 entries were permitted to change their cars from the previous year. ELMS LMGTE and ALMS GT teams which earned automatic entries could only enter in LMGTE Am. The European and Asian LMP3 (Le Mans Prototype 3) champions had to enter a LMP2 car, while the MLMC Group GT3 (GT3) champion was restricted to LMGTE Am.[10][11]
The ACO announced the full list of automatic entries on 20 February 2023.[13]Prema Racing chose to forego their automatic invitation as winners of the 2022 ELMS LMP2 category as it wanted to field their two full-time WEC cars in the race.[11][13]
Automatic entries for the 2023 24 Hours of Le Mans
The ACO announced the full 62 car entry list on the afternoon of 27February.[14] In addition to the 37 guaranteed WEC entries, there were 17 ELMS entries, four WTSC entries, three ALMS entries, and four one-off Le Mans entries. There were 40 cars in the two Prototype classes, 21 in the LMGTE Am class, and one innovative entry.[15] In addition to the 62 entries invited, ten (three from LMGTE Am and seven from LMP2) were placed on a reserve list to replace withdrawn or unaccepted invitations. Reserve entries were ordered, with the first one replacing the first withdrawal from the race, regardless of class.[16] Entries were selected for their sporting quality, technical, fan, media and public interest and commitment, loyalty to other ACO-administered series and entrant's performance.[10]
Heart of Racing withdrew their No. 27 LMGTE Am Aston Martin Vantage AMR, which was the tenth and final entry on the reserve list, after the entry list was published.[17][18] The ACO published a revised entry list on 5 May 2023. It confirmed the withdrawal of Heart of Racing's entry as well as Risi Competizione's No. 82 LMGTE Am Ferrari 488 GTE EVO, reducing the reserve list to eight entries with no other changes to the teams' list.[18][19]
The Garage 56 concept to test new automotive technologies at Le Mans returned after a two-year absence.[1] It was announced at a press conference at Sebring International Raceway in March 2022 that a modified Next GenChevrolet Camaro ZL1 car fielded by Hendrick Motorsports would compete in the race, marking NASCAR's 75th anniversary and the first time NASCAR had a presence at Le Mans since 1976, when a Dodge Charger and Ford Torino competed in the Grand International category.[20][21]
The Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 received numerous aerodynamic updates, carbon brake discs, functional front and rear headlights, and a larger 32USgal (120L; 27impgal) fuel cell, which reduced its weight by 525lb (238kg) compared to the NASCAR Cup Series model.[22]Mike Rockenfeller, the 2010 overall Le Mans co-winner, joined 2009 Formula One World ChampionJenson Button and seven-time NASCAR Cup Series champion Jimmie Johnson as its drivers.[21] Former crew chief Chad Knaus was project manager,[20] and the car had the No. 24 in commemoration of driver Jeff Gordon.[23]
Pre-race balance of performance changes
The ACO and FIA changed the balance of performance four days before the test day to try to achieve parity in all categories since the Le Mans Hypercar performance was "greater than initially anticipated" and they did not have the manufacturers' consent prior to implement the changes.[24] Four Hypercars received weight increases. The Toyota GR010 Hybrid, Ferrari 499P, Porsche 963 and the Cadillac V-Series.R were made 37kg (82lb), 24kg (53lb), 11kg (24lb) and 3kg (6.6lb) heavier, respectively. The Glickenhaus SCG 007 LMH, Peugeot 9X8 and Vanwall Vandervell 680-Gibson cars received no performance changes. Toyota, Ferrari, and Cadillac had their energy per stints increased to compensate for the additional ballast on their vehicles.[25] In LMGTE Am, every car model in the Porsche 911 RSR-19, Chevrolet Corvette C8.R, Ferrari 488 GTE EVO, and Aston Martin Vantage AMR received more ballast to affect their handling. Similarly, Corvette's performance was improved by permitting a wider air intake on its engine, while Ferrari and Aston Martin's boost pressures were increased for improved performance.[26]
The morning session was held in clear weather.[31] Ferrari led the session with a 3:30.686 lap from Fuoco's No. 50 car, which was 0.660 seconds faster than Gustavo Menezes' No. 94 Peugeot. Yifei Ye's No. 38 Team Jota Porsche was third, ahead of James Calado's No. 51 Ferrari, Conway's No. 7 Toyota and Renger van der Zande's No. 3 Cadillac.[32]Paul di Resta's No. 93 Peugeot halted testing at the exit of the first Mulsanne Straight chicane due to a probable electrical hybrid problem triggered by a red light illuminated to compel a high-voltage safety protocol.[28][32] Conway ran into the grass and spun front first into the wall before the Tertre Rouge corner entry, ending testing with two minutes left.[31][33][34] Toyota's No. 7 car required new front and rear bodywork.[28]Reshad de Gerus' No. 47 Cool Racing Oreca 07-Gibson car led LMP2 with a lap of 3:36.409, quicker than two Hypercar entries. Second and third in class were Paul-Loup Chatin's No. 48 IDEC Sport and Ferdinand Habsburg's No. 31 Team WRT cars. Louis Prette's No. 66 JMW Motorsport Ferrari from Ulysse de Pauw's No. 21 AF Corse Ferrari and Charlie Eastwood's No. 25 ORT by TF Aston Martin lead the last hour of LMGTE Am with a 3:56.623 lap.[31] The safety car procedure was used for debris on the exit of the first Mulsanne chicane.[32]
The weather improved for the second session, resulting in faster lap times and 80km/h (50mph) slow zones for incidents.[35] Early in the session, Antonio Giovinazzi's No. 51 Ferrari was fastest overall at 3:29.504. Laurens Vanthoor's No. 6 Penske Porsche was second, 0.144 seconds slower. Third to fifth were Kobayashi's No. 7 Toyota, Fuoco's No. 50 Ferrari, and Felipe Nasr's No. 75 Penske Porsche (affected by a brake-by-wire issue that kept the car in the garage for much of the session).[35][36] With a time of 3:35.472, Pietro Fittipaldi's No. 28 Jota entry led LMP2 ahead of Habsburg's No. 31 Team WRT and André Negrão's No. 35 Alpine.[35] When Rodrigo Sales' No. 14 Nielsen Racing and Laurents Hörr's No. 48 IDEC vehicles collided at the Forest Esses at 1 hour, 35 minutes in, the safety car procedure was employed for 37 minutes. Both vehicles became beached in the gravel trap past the Dunlop Chicane.[35][36] Ferrari were in the top three in LMGTE Am as Thomas Neubauer improved the No. 66 JMW Ferrari's first session lap to 3:56.088 to maintain its lead from Francesco Castellacci's No. 54 AF Corse and Daniel Serra's No. 57 Kessel Racing cars.[35]
After testing
The No. 10 Vector Sport, No. 13 Tower Motorsports, No. 14 Nielsen, No. 30 Duqueine Team, No. 80 AF Corse and No. 923 Racing Team Turkey LMP2 teams were all assessed 20-minute stop-and-hold first practice session penalties for running ride height sensors during testing and outside of private testing, a violation of the vehicle's homologation.[37][38]
Practice
The first three-hour practice session occurred in warm and sunny weather on the afternoon of 7 June.[10][39] Toyota led from the start with López's No. 7 car leading early on before his teammate Hartley in the No. 8 entry lapped quickest overall at 3:27.742 in the closing 23 minutes.[40] The only other car in the 3:28 range was Bamber's No. 2 Cadillac, while the Porsches of Nasr's No. 75 and Kévin Estre's No. 6 cars were within half a second of Toyota's pace.[41] Fittipaldi's No. 28 Jota car led LMP2 with a lap of 3:34.579, followed by Malthe Jakobsen's No. 37 Cool Pro/Am car. Mirko Bortolotti's No. 63 Prema entry was another 1.8 seconds back in third.[39]Marco Sørensen No. 55 GMB Motorsport Aston Martin led LMGTE Am with a 3:55.020 lap, three-tenths of a second faster than Riccardo Pera's No. 86 GR Racing Porsche.[40]Casper Stevenson's No. 777 D'station Racing Aston Martin crashed into the left-hand side Armco barrier before Tertre Rouge corner and Steven Thomas' No. 13 Tower Motorsports entry hit the Aston Martin's drivers-side door at high speed after other cars avoided Stevenson's stationary car in the track's centre. Stevenson and Thomas were unhurt.[39][41] Practice was stopped for 35 minutes to allow marshals and safety crews to repair the damaged barrier. Varrone had relieved Catsburg in the No. 33 Corvette when he lost control of the car on a kerb into Tertre Rouge corner and crashed rear first into the tyre barrier, ending the session with four minutes remaining.[39][40] Corvette Racing replaced multiple components on the car to allow it to be driven in qualifying.[42]
D'station and Tower Motorsports had to start from the back of the outright grid after their damaged beyond repair chassis were replaced beyond repair during qualifying.[43][44] The stewards deemed Thomas to have not slowed enough before hitting Stevenson and imposed a four-minute stop-and-hold penalty on Tower Motorsports to be served within four laps of its announcement after the race began.[45]
The second session, which lasted two hours, took place later that evening.[10] Laurens Vanthoor's No. 6 Penske Porsche set the fastest lap of 3:28.878 with just over half an hour remaining in the session. Calado was second with Dane Cameron's No. 5 Penske Porsche third. Cadillac was fourth following a lap by Bamber and Toyota finished fifth after a lap by Kobayashi.[46]Alexander Sims' Action Express Racing (AXR) car suffered front-right bodywork and minor cluster damage during the session and was driven into the pit lane for repairs.[47][48] Bortolotti led LMP2 with a lap of 3:36.863 set before the session ended in Prema's No. 63 car. Filipe Albuquerque in United Autosport's No. 22 car was two-tenths of a second behind in second and Fittipaldi's No. 28 Jota entry was third.[46]Kei Cozzolino's No 74 Kessel car lapped at 3:53.796 to lead LMGTE Am. Cozzolino demoted Alessio Picariello's No. 60 Iron Lynx Porsche to second and Matteo Cairoli's No. 56 Project 1 – AO Porsche was third.[47]
The third session that was three hours long took place in warm weather on the afternoon of 8 June.[10][49] Toyota set the early pace with Kobayashi and Buemi leading early on before Fuoco's lap of 3:26.579 led overall late in the session.[50] Pier Guidi was second-fastest in the final eight minutes after spending 90 minutes in the garage due to a faulty transmission.[50][49] The Toyotas in third (Kobayashi) and fourth (Hartley) were almost three-tenths of a second apart with António Félix da Costa's No. 38 Jota Porsche fifth. Jota again led LMP2 with Fittipaldi lapping at 3:34.071 ahead of Mathias Beche's No. 14 Nielsen entry. Castellacci led LMGTE Am from Ben Barker's No. 86 GR Racing Porsche and Matteo Cressoni's No. 60 Iron Lynx Ferrari.[50] Although the session was not stopped, some cars went off the circuit. Habsburg crashed the No. 31 WRT LMP2 entry into the barrier exiting Indianapolis turn and Manuel Maldonado ended practice early with a Full Course Yellow (FCY) after beaching the No. 65 Panis Racing car in the second Mulsanne Chicane gravel.[49][51]
The final session held for an hour occurred later that evening.[10] Calado set a 3:27.275 lap to lead practice with Esteban Gutiérrez's No. 709 Glickenhaus, Will Stevens' No. 38 Jota Porsche, Estre's No. 6 Penske Porsche and Sims' AXR Cadillac in second to fifth.[52]Jean-Éric Vergne's No. 93 Peugeot stopped on the right-hand side of Mulsanne Straight with an electrical fault and race director Eduardo Freitas red-flagged practice for 19 minutes after becoming annoyed with drivers driving on the right rather than the left.[52][53] Freitas extended practice by 15 minutes when the session was resumed with 20 minutes to go.[53][54]Dries Vanthoor set LMP2's fastest lap of 3:36.229 in the No. 923 Racing Team Turkey car ahead of Job van Uitert's No. 65 Panis and Bortolotti's No. 63 Prema entries.[53] Ferraris had the two fastest times in LMGTE Am with the top lap being a 3:52.965 set by Neubauer's No. 66 JMW car ahead of Scott Huffaker's No. 57 Kessel entry and Picariello's No. 60 Iron Lynx Porsche.[52][54]
Qualifying
Divided into two sessions, an initial one-hour qualifying session decided the race's starting order, except for the fastest eight vehicles in each class, who qualified for a half-hour shootout, "Le Mans Hyperpole," which determined pole position in all three classes. Every Hypercar started upfront, regardless of lap time, followed by LMP2 and LMGTE Am. The eight qualifying Hyperpole cars were ordered by fastest Hyperpole-session lap time first, followed by the other non-qualifying class vehicles by fastest lap time set during the first qualifying session.[10]
The fastest Hypercar lap was a 3:25.213 set by Fuoco's No. 50 Ferrari with 16 minutes left.[55] Pier Guidi's sister No. 51 Ferrari was demoted to second by Fuoco and was hampered by a slower GTE Am Aston Martin in the track's final sector during his fastest lap. Kobayashi's No. 7 Toyota took third after leading the session early on with teammate Hartley in fourth. The final four Hyperpole qualifiers were Frédéric Makowiecki's No. 5 Penske Porsche, Sébastien Bourdais' No. 3 and Bamber's No. 2 Cadillacs as well as Nasr's No. 75 Penske Porsche (whose best lap was invalidated for using more than the maximum released powertrain power).[56][57] Fittipaldi's No. 28 Jota along with Deletraz's No. 41 WRT, Bortolotti's No. 61 Prema cars, Vector Sport's Gabriel Aubry, IDEC's Chatin, Cool's de Gerus, Prema's other entry of Bent Viscaal and Nielsen's Ben Hanley (after Dries Vanthoor's fastest lap was deleted for insufficient slowing under red flag conditions) advanced to Hyperpole in LMP2. In LMGTE Am, Rovera's No. 83 Richard Mille AF Corse Ferrari and Davide Rigon's No. 54 AF Corse Ferrari along with Catsburg's Corvette, Eastwood's ORT by TF car, Serra's No. 57 Kessel car, Sørensen's GMB Aston Martin, De Pauw's No. 21 AF Corse Ferrari and Cozzolino's No. 74 Kessel car qualified for Hyperpole.[57][58] Separate incidents for Matthieu Vaxivière's No. 36 Alpine and Albuquerque's No. 22 United Autosport car colliding into the Ford Chicane that saw Vaxivière get beached in the gravel and Jakobsen's No. 37 Cool car hitting the barrier at Indianapolis turn led to stoppages during qualifying.[56][59]
Ferrari installed new tyres in Hyperpole, expecting Toyota to lap faster, and Fuoco and Pier Guidi drafted off each other as well as a Toyota.[60] Fuoco's No. 50 Ferrari reset the Hypercar class record at 3:22.982 with eight minutes left for pole position despite Yorikatsu Tsujiko's LMGTE Am Kessel Ferrari slowing him into the left-hand Indianapolis corner and Arnage turn.[61][62] It was Ferrari's first Le Mans pole since 1973, ending Toyota's streak of six consecutive poles extending back to 2017.[62][63] It was also Ferrari's second pole of 2023 after the 1000 Miles of Sebring.[63] Pier Guidi qualified the sister No. 51 Ferrari in second and held pole until Fuoco's lap. Hartley's No. 8 Toyota, Nasr's No. 75 Penske Porsche. Kobayashi's No. 7 Toyota, Bamber's No. 2 Cadillac, Makowiecki's No. 5 Penske Porsche and Bourdais' No. 3 Cadillac completed the top eight.[61] The rear of Bourdais' car caught fire due to a burst high pressure fuel hose flooding it with engine fuel;[62][63][64] he stopped at the first Mulsanne chicane for marshals and him to extinguish the fire, stopping Hyperpole with five minutes and 15 seconds left.[61][65] The fire did not structurally damage the car but its engine was changed as a precaution.[65] LMP2 pole position was secured by Chatin's No. 48 IDEC entry with a lap of 3:32.923.[62] Following in the top five were Fittipaldi's No. 28 Jota, Deletraz's No. 41 WRT, De Gerus' No. 47 Cool and Bortolotti's No. 63 Prema cars.[61] Three of the four GTE manufacturers were represented in the top three in LMGTE Am. Keating's Corvette took the class pole position with a 3:52.376 time set on his final lap,[62] ahead of Ahmad Al Harthy's ORT by TF Aston Martin and Thomas Flohr's No. 54 AF Corse Ferrari.[61][64]
The FIA WEC Committee moved the Garage 56 No. 24 Hendrick Chevrolet to the rear of the LMP2 field, ahead of all GTE cars, at the request of all LMGTE Am entries, after it lapped faster than the GTE vehicles in testing and practice.[66]
The ACO scheduled a 15-minute warm-up session for teams to check their cars on 10 June at midday,[71] in varied conditions with teams running slick tyres and recording slower lap times.[72] Calado lapped fastest at 3:30.113, 2.846 seconds ahead of teammate Nielsen. The rest of the top five consisted of Bourdais, Nico Müller's No. 94 Peugeot and Conway. Tom Blomqvist's No. 23 United Autosports car led LMP2 with a lap of 3:39.818 from Fabio Scherer's No. 34 Inter Europol and Beche's No. 14 Nielsen cars. Kessel paced LMGTE Am with Serra's 3:55.038 lap leading teammate Cozzolino.[73] Although there were no major incidents,[74]Nicolas Lapierre stopped the No. 37 Cool entry at the side of the track at the exit of Arnage corner before restarting.[72][75]
Race
Start and early hours
The start of the race
Rainfall between the warm-up session and race start created mixed conditions around the circuit.[76] The air temperature was between 18.2 to 26.4°C (64.8 to 79.5°F), while the track temperature ranged from 21 to 48°C (70 to 118°F);[77] rain was forecast for the afternoon of 10 June.[78] Basketball player LeBron James waved the French tricolor to start the race before 325,000 spectators at 16:00 CEST,[79][80] which was led by the pole-sitter Nielsen.[67] There were 62 cars scheduled to start,[67] but the No. 708 Glickenhaus was in the garage having gearbox seal repairs arising from a differential setup change.[81][82] The larger Hypercar field and driver behaviour meant greater risks were made while lapping slower vehicles.[83] Buemi took the lead from Calado and Nielsen on the outside entering Indianapolis Corner, while two incidents further down the field necessitated the first safety car intervention.[84][85]Jack Aitken lost traction in the rear tyres on the AXR Cadillac on the damp track leaving the first Mulsanne Straight chicane and heavily damaged his front-left against the left-hand side Armco barrier.[85][86]Mark Kvamme spun the No. 32 Inter Europol car and ended up beached in the gravel. Under the safety car, repairs to the barrier and debris cleanup took 35 minutes as Aitken returned to the garage for repairs and Kvamme was extricated from the gravel.[84][86]
When racing resumed, Conway was duelling for second position with Calado while Rigon moved the No. 54 AF Corse Ferrari into the LMGTE Am lead when Catsburg's Corvette was one of several GTE cars to pit under safety car conditions.[87] Following Aitken's incident, Daniil Kvyat's second-placed No. 63 LMP2 Prema car entered the pit lane for a lengthy stop to remove debris in the air intake.[87][88] Catsburg brought the Corvette into the garage during the second hour to repair a faulty front-right damper and Keating rejoined the race two laps down in LMGTE Am.[42][86][89] Accidents for Sales' No. 14 Nielsen car into the outside tyre barrier approaching Dunlop corner, which removed the car's front-right, and Ricky Taylor's No. 13 Tower vehicle against the inside barrier at high speed in Arnage turn prompted the retirement of both cars and the implementation of a slow zone.[89][90] Midway through the second hour,[91] De Pauw was caught out by Bourdais slowing for the slow zone and rammed into Bourdais' rear under the Dunlop Bridge. Gustav Birch's No. 55 GMB Aston Martin was also involved in the incident, and both his and De Pauw's cars were retired. While Bourdais drove the No. 3 Cadillac to the garage for rear-end repairs, Birch and De Pauw were unhurt.[89][90]
Kubica's No. 41 WRT car took the LMP2 lead while Porsche had the first four places in LMGTE Am with Cairoli's Project 1 car leading the category.[89][90]Claudio Schiavoni's No. 60 Iron Lynx Porsche hit the inside kerb too hard on the entry to Tertre Rouge corner and spun into Ryan Hardwick's No. 16 Wright Motorsports front-right corner. Both vehicles incurred enough damage to be retired from the race. Soon after, Lubin's No. 22 United Autosports car spun out of Tertre Rouge corner and collided with Mikkel O. Pedersen's No. 77 Proton Porsche's right-hand side. Both vehicles returned to the garage for repairs.[92][93] Heavy rain fell from Indianapolis corner to the start/finish straight before the end of the third hour, and several vehicles were caught off guard by the sudden drop in grip while braking and leaving turns on slick tyres.[76][83] Pera's LMGTE Am-class leading GR Porsche spun rear-first into the inside barrier.[92][93] Wadoux spun the No. 83 Richard Mille Ferrari at high speed backwards into the Porsche Curves right-hand side wall and underwent precautionary checks at the track's medical centre.[94] Her car's sustained a broken toe-link but she was not seriously injured.[81]Aquaplaning cars prompted a second safety car deployment as Rigon moved the No. 54 AF Corse Ferrari to the LMGTE Am lead.[93]
During the safety car period, pit stop cycles in which teams switched to wet-weather tyres saw Menezes take the overall lead, with Estre's No. 6 Penske Porsche second. Sarah Bovy's No. 85 Iron Dames Porsche became the new LMGTE Am leader. The rain ceased soon after and teams began switching back to slick tyres as the track dried. Vergne beached the No. 93 Peugeot in the gravel at Mulsanne corner, extending the safety car period as it was tended to.[76][95] After the safety car period ended, Ye mounted an attack, moving from sixth to the race lead into Indianapolis corner.[94] Cameron moved the No. 5 Penske Porsche to second overall before being passed by the Ferrari 499Ps. He was imposed a drive-through penalty for passing the Walkenhorst GTE Ferrari during the safety car period.[96] Ye lost the overall lead when he lost control of the Jota Porsche, removing its rear end assembly and engine cover in a high-speed sideways impact against the tyre barrier leaving the Porsche Curves.[96][97] The car was repaired in the garage by mechanics for 20 minutes and four laps and Giovinazzi took the lead.[98] The debris on the circuit caused a Full Course Yellow.[76]
Night to morning
As night fell, LMGTE Am became a duel between JMW's Giacomo Petrobelli, AF Corse's Flohr and Iron Dames' Michelle Gatting, while Ramussen's No. 28 Jota, Jakub Śmiechowski's No. 34 Inter Europol and Oliver Jarvis' No. 23 United Autosport entrants battled the LMP2 lead.[99][100] Heavy rain again fell on parts of the circuit and reduced visibility in the seventh hour and more vehicles were caught out by the changing conditions as they made pit stops for wet-weather tyres. Petrobelli got the JMW Ferrari beached in the gravel at Karting turn, causing heavy rear-end damage and requiring extrication. The car lost the LMGTE Am lead to Iron Dames' Gatting before being passed by Cairoli's Project 1 car.[101] Rasmussen's No. 28 Jota car had a frontal crash in the Porsche Curves but drove slowly to the pit lane for repairs and Scherer's No. 34 Inter Europol car took the LMP2 lead.[86][101][102] Pier Guidi then lost control of the race-leading No. 51 Ferrari while attempting to avoid colliding with the No. 911 Proton Porsche that had hit a Glickenhaus ahead of him in the Daytona Chicane. He recovered with vehicular assistance and lost the race lead to Müller.[103][104]
Memo Rojas(pictured in 2019) was involved in a ninth hour four-car collision that prompted the race's third and final safety car period.
Kobayashi slowed at Tertre Rouge corner in the ninth hour to avoid passing Giedo van der Garde's No. 39 Graff car into a slow zone enforced for Pier Guidi.[104][105] Prette's JMW Ferrari was caught off guard by Van der Garde and hit the No. 7 Toyota's left rear, while Memo Rojas' No. 35 Alpine struck the Toyota's right rear. Prette collided with the rear of Van der Garde's car, causing race-ending damage to the JMW Ferrari and the No. 7 Toyota. Although no driver was hurt, Prette was taken to the medical centre for evaluation.[106] A third safety car period was used to allow marshals to clear debris at Tertre Rouge corner and to recover the damaged cars. The accidents promoted Bamber to third and Pier Guidi to fourth.[106][107] Because a large piece of Kevlar became caught in the suspension and blocked the cooler's flow, the No. 8 Toyota's engine began overheating at the same time as the No. 7 car's collision.[81] When racing resumed, Hirakawa followed Bourdais past Müller for the race lead at the Dunlop chicane. Kvyat's No. 63 Prema LMP2 car slid sideways into the tyre barrier in the Porsche Curves. He was unhurt but heavy rear-end damage forced the vehicle's retirement.[108] Fuoco entered the garage to repair a front leak caused by a stone damaging the front-right brake radiator.[108][109][110] The No. 50 Ferrari lost six laps and dropped out of the race lead duel.[86]
René Binder and Neel Jani's Duqueine car joined the LMP2 lead duel with Śmiechowski's and Scherer's No. 34 Inter Europol and Andrade's No. 41 Jota entries.[108][109] Müller regained the race lead, but was passed by Buemi's No. 8 Toyota on the run from Mulsanne to Indianapolis.[111] Calado used the No. 51 Ferrari's better straightline pace on the straight into the Indianapolis turn to pass Müller on the inside and take second place.[110][111] At the first Mulsanne chicane, Menezes slipped onto the wet gravel and skidded into the tyre barrier. Menezes limped the damaged No. 94 Peugeot back to the pits for eight laps of front-end repairs. Calado took the lead when Ferrari did not replace the tyres on the No. 51 Ferrari and instead only refuel it at pit stops. After Serra's quick laps, Kessel joined the LMGTE Am lead duel.[112][113] De Gerus damaged the Cool entry's front-left and rear-left suspension against the barrier at the exit to the first opening of the Porsche Curves during the 13th hour.[86][114] He brought the car into the garage to be retired with tub damage.[115]
Early in the morning, the race lead was shared by Hirakawa's No. 8 Toyota and Pier Guidi's No. 51 Ferrari, and both cars were on the same pit stop strategy. Jonas Ried's No. 88 Proton Porsche collided with the outside barrier entering the Indianapolis corner, forcing the car to withdraw and the wall to be repaired. Ben Barnicoat's No. 80 AF Corse LMP2 Pro/Am car attempted to overtake slower vehicles through the Porsche Curves not long after.[114] Barnicoat hit the inside kerb and the barrier hard enough with his left side to force its retirement.[114][116] Kessel's No. 57 Ferrari had become the LMGTE Am leader by this stage thanks to steady pace from drivers Serra and Huffaker, as well as pit stop strategy.[114] After passing Al Harthy under the Dunlop Bridge, GR's Pera moved to third in class before Scherer passed Kubica in the LMP2 duel for first.[116] Hirakawa's front bodywork and a slow right-rear puncture were replaced during a pit stop after he ran over a squirrel at around 7:00a.m. local time, removing front downforce from the No. 8 Toyota. This returned Calado to the race lead.[117][114][118][119]
While lapping the No. 31 WRT LMP2 entry, Estre's No. 6 Porsche hit the inside kerb in the Porsche Curves, severely damaging the car's floor against the tyre barrier.[120][121] The car dropped out of a duel for fourth with Bourdais after 43 minutes of bodywork and floor repairs in the garage.[122] LMP2 remained a battle between Kubica's No. 41 Jota and Smiechowski's No. 34 Inter Europol cars, while LMGTE Am was a duel between Iron Dames' Frey and Project 1's Cairoli, and Catsburg and Keating's Corvette moved to third in class after returning to the lead lap through pace and a safety car wave-by as the circuit dried.[42][120] Eastwood's ORT by TF Aston Martin pace and pit stop strategy allowed him to join the LMGTE Am lead duel as Keating passed P. J. Hyett's Project 1 Porsche for second in class.[123] Pier Guidi lost the lead to Buemi because he needed to power cycle the No. 51 Ferrari, which had difficulty restarting from his pit box due to a cockpit communications system failure, but reclaimed it by passing Buemi on the outside through slower LMP2 traffic into the second Mulsanne chicane.[86][124][125] The gap between both drivers was small until Molina's No. 50 Ferrari attempted to regain a lap from Hartley, allowing Calado to pull away.[124] Actor Michael Fassbender lost control of the No. 911 Proton Porsche's rear exiting Karting corner, crashing into the tyre barrier hard enough to force the car to retire with rear-right damage.[126][127]
Afternoon to finish
The No. 34 Inter Europol CompetitionOreca 07-Gibson car led the final 112 laps of the LMP2 category to secure their first World Endurance Championship victory.
Inter Europol's No. 34 car received a drive-through penalty for overtaking two vehicles under safety car conditions, although it did not lose the LMP2 lead to Kubica.[128] Varrone set a sequence of quick laps to take the LMGTE Am lead from Iron Dames' Bovy and ORT by TF's Al Harthy.[129] He and Catsburg extended the Corvette's lead to more than 70 seconds over Gatting's Iron Dames Porsche who was being caught by Eastwood's ORT by TF Aston Martin. Hartley closed to less than ten seconds of overall leader Giovinazzi while Nielsen's sister No. 50 Ferrari returned to fifth overall after Mikkel Jensen's No. 93 Peugeot entered the garage with a hydraulics issue.[130] Hirakawa, who replaced Hartley, spun into the left-hand side guardrail barriers entering the right-hand Arnage corner after locking the rear brakes in the braking zone due to a rearward brake balance setting that he was unaware of with 1 hour and 45 minutes remaining. He entered the pit lane to have mechanics replace the damaged front and rear bodywork before rejoining the track nearly a lap behind Giovinazzi.[131][132][133] Iron Dames lost second in LMGTE Am to Eastwood who passed Frey on the inside into the first Mulsanne chicane after a short battle and began pulling away.[131][132]
Although the No. 51 Ferrari underwent a system reset at its final pit stop in the final hour,[119][124] Pier Guidi maintained the lead the car had held for the last 55 laps and won after 342 laps;[99][134] it was Calado's, Giovinazzi's and Pier Guidi's maiden overall Le Mans victory,[N 1] Ferrari's tenth and its first since 1965.[135] They finished 1 minute, 21.793 seconds ahead of the No. 8 Toyota, with the No. 2 Cadillac finishing one lap behind in third place, despite losing time due to frequent oil replenishing during pit stops arising from an engine oil issue from the third hour.[81][136] Inter Europol led the final 112 laps in LMP2 despite radio communication issues in the final hour,[N 2][79][81][137] earning their first WEC LMP2 victory and second since the ALMS 4 Hours of Dubai.[135][138] Jota's No. 41 team finished second 21.015 seconds later, and Duqueine finished third despite their car's right-front suspension failing at the final chicane on the final lap.[81][137][139] Algarve Pro's No. 45 team of James Allen, Colin Braun and George Kurtz despite a puncture and functioning accident data recorder needing replacing won the LMP2 Pro/Am subclass by five laps over the No. 37 Cool trio of Alexandre Coigny, Jakobsen and Lapierre.[81][138] It was Allen's second subclass win, as well as Braun's and Kurtz's first.[135] In the final LMGTE Am and GTE race at Le Mans, Corvette had their ninth Le Mans GTE victory with their C8.R leading the ORT by TF Aston Martin by one lap.[140][141] It was Keating's second category win and Catsburg's and Varrone's first.[135] 40 of the 62 starting vehicles completed the event, the lowest number since 2015.[134]
Post-race
The No. 51 Ferrari 499P being driven towards the pit lane exit after winning the race.
The top three teams in each of the four classes appeared on the podium to collect their trophies and spoke to the media at individual press conferences.[10] Giovinazzi said it was "by no means a given" that Ferrari would finish the race but added that they "should be very proud" of the victory.[142] Calado called it "a great achievement after so long, this will go down in history."[143] Pier Guidi said "As an Italian, I have dreamed of driving for this brand since childhood. Now it's real. We won Le Mans with a red car."[144] Ferrari chairman John Elkann described the win as an "unforgettable day" and that winning a competitive, wet-weather affected 24-hour race "serves as an example for us all."[145] Hartley was disappointed but proud to finish second, and disclosed that Toyota instructed Hirakawa to push hard in order to win the race. Hirakawa felt a lot of pressure relieving Hartley for his final stint and did not expect abnormal car behaviour into Indianapolis corner.[146] Bamber felt Cadillac "had a nearly perfect race" through wet-weather strategy and Westbrook felt his team deserved to finish third after being told they were lucky.[136] Lynn said that the presence of spectators distinguished his third-place overall finish from his 2020 LMGTE Pro victory when no fans could watch at Le Mans.[147]
Scherer, whose left foot was broken after departing Inter Europol's No. 34 car during a third lap pit stop, had his crew adjust run plans to allow for rest, and treatment permitted him to continue driving,[81] saying: "I tried to just go for it because winning Le Mans is the biggest thing for me to achieve in Europe, in motorsport. I was a bit like, 'I just go through, it doesn't matter what it costs.' Because I'm living for that and that's my dream. That you don't give up for a foot that gives you some pain."[148] Catsburg stated that he did not observe Scherer as he entered his pit box and blamed the crash on a miscommunication.[148] Checks revealed that Scherer's mid-left foot had an incomplete fracture and ligament damage. He was cleared for the following 6 Hours of Monza.[149] WRT owner Vincent Vosse voiced his dissatisfaction at finishing second in LMP2, which was heightened after the team lost the class victory on the final lap of the 2021 race due to a throttle sensor issue. Kubica said Inter Europol's competitiveness made WRT pressure them but added that he was proud of his achievements at Le Mans.[150]
Catsburg stated he did not think a comeback from two laps down to win the race was possible, calling it "insane" that Corvette's pace allowed his team to re-enter LMGTE Am contention.[151] Keating described Corvette's comeback from pole position as a "emotional rollercoaster," but was enraged by the then-class leader being released from the pit lane too soon under safety car conditions in wet weather in the third hour and race control failing to correct the error, preventing Corvette from receiving a wave-by.[152] Iron Dames' regret at not finishing on the LMGTE Am podium after duelling for the class lead was voiced by Bovy, while co-driver Gatting said that they were hindered by a brake replacement.[153] Porsche LMDh factory director Urs Kuratle believed the three Penske cars could have competed on pace with the No. 2 Cadillac if not for technical issues, adding: "It was not our race, definitely not. But next year, we'll come back strong."[154] Ye said visibility issues caused his accident and Jota owner Sam Hignett added that the Hypercar's windscreen becomes more dirty than an LMP2 car's.[155] Toyota technical director Pascal Vasselon said Toyota did not blame Hirakawa for his crash.[133]
Bourdais argued that De Pauw had collided with him because "there was no next slow to say that slow zone 2 was still active. And the GT guys were nose-to-tail. I don't know what he was doing, but he basically forgot that the next one was yellow again. He just plowed into us."[156] Kobayashi said of his accident: "It's so painful to end the race like this because we did the race pretty well and were running P3, catching up. It's very tough."[156] Bourdais thought the Le Mans slow zone system was overly long and dangerous and advised that some slow zones be deactivated rather than having them along a long stretch of track. Kobayashi suggested that FCY to instruct every car to immediately slow to 80km/h (50mph) regardless of their location on the circuit be used more often for safety reasons.[156]
The result kept Buemi, Hartley and Hirakawa atop the Hypercar Drivers' Championship with 102 points; race winners Calado, Giovinazzi and Pier Guidi moved from fifth to second, 25 points behind. Deletraz, Kubica and Andrade took the Endurance Trophy for LMP2 Drivers lead ahead of class victors Costa, Scherer and Śmiechowski. Catsburg, Keating and Varrone retained the Endurance Trophy for LMGTE Am Drivers points lead over Al Harthy, Eastwood and Michael Dinan. Toyota, the No. 41 Team WRT and No. 33 Corvette teams left Le Mans as the Hypercar World Endurance Championship, LMP2 Endurance Trophy for Teams and LMGTE Am Endurance Trophy for Teams leaders, respectively, with three races remaining in the season.[3]
Race results
The minimum number of laps for classification at the finish (70 per cent of the overall race winner's distance) was 239 laps. Class winners are denoted in bold and with ‡.[N 3][158]
↑ Calado and Pier Guidi had finished first at Le Mans driving for AF Corse in the LMGTE Pro category in 2019 and 2021.[135]
↑ Inter Europol Competition were given a reprimand for using a coloured signalling board, deemed a "minor violation" of the race's supplementary regulations. They had been penalised five more seconds for fuelling before the engine was switched off during the 20th hour but this was revoked after further investigation by the stewards.[79]
↑ The final race classification remained provisional until July 2023 following the completion of an ACO and FIA investigation into the compliance of components that were impounded from six cars by both bodies during post-race scrutineering. All of the impounded components were found to comply with their respective technical regulations.[157]
↑ The No. 5 Porsche Penske Motorsport entry was initially classified 9th but was penalized four laps for failing to meet the maximum lap time for their final lap of the race.[79]
1 2 Kvyat and Lomko are Russian but compete as neutral competitors as Russian national emblems were banned by the FIA due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[159]
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↑ Dagys, John; Euwema, Davey; Lloyd, Daniel (2 June 2023). "Le Mans Friday Notebook". SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 15 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
1 2 3 Dagys, John; Euwema, Davey; Lloyd, Daniel (4 June 2023). "Le Mans Sunday Notebook". SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
↑ Dagys, John; Euwema, Davey; Lloyd, Daniel (3 June 2023). "Le Mans Saturday Notebook". SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 16 June 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2023.
↑ Dagys, John; Euwema, Davey; Lloyd, Daniel (6 June 2023). "Le Mans Tuesday Notebook". SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2023.
1 2 3 Dagys, John; Lloyd, Daniel; Euwema, Davey (8 June 2023). "Le Mans Thursday Notebook". SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
↑ Tassel, Pierre (10 June 2023). "24H du Mans – Le Warm-up pour Ferrari"[24 Hours of Le Mans – Warm-up for Ferrari]. Endurance-Info (in French). Archived from the original on 19 June 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
1 2 3 4 Dagys, John; Lloyd, Daniel; Euwema, Davey (12 June 2023). "Le Mans Post-Race Notebook". SportsCar365. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023.
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