This is a detailed list of human spaceflights from 2011 to 2020.
# | Crew | Launch spacecraft | Habitation | Return spacecraft | Brief mission summary | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
285 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | 24 February 2011![]() | ISS | 9 March 2011![]() | ISS assembly and supply. Delivery of PLM. Delivery of Robonaut. Final mission of Discovery . | |
286 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 4 April 2011![]() | ISS (crew 27/28) | 16 September 2011![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
287 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | 16 May 2011![]() | ISS | 1 June 2011![]() | ISS assembly and supply. Delivery of Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer. Delivery of ELC3. Final flight of Endeavour . | |
288 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 7 June 2011![]() | ISS (crew 28/29) | 22 November 2011![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
289 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | 8 July 2011![]() | ISS | 21 July 2011![]() | ISS assembly and supply. Final flight of Atlantis . Final mission of the Space Shuttle. | |
290 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 14 November 2011![]() | ISS (crew 29/30) | 27 April 2012![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
291 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 21 December 2011![]() | ISS (crew 30/31) | 1 July 2012![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
292 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 15 May 2012![]() | ISS (crew 31/32) | 17 September 2012![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
293 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 16 June 2012![]() | Tiangong 1 | 29 June 2012![]() | Fourth human spaceflight, first crewed space station docking for China and first Chinese woman in space. | |
294 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 15 July 2012![]() | ISS (crew 32/33) | 19 November 2012![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
295 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 23 October 2012![]() | ISS (crew 33/34) | 16 March 2013![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
296 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 19 December 2012![]() | ISS (crew 34/35) | 14 May 2013![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
297 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 28 March 2013![]() | ISS (crew 35/36) | 11 September 2013![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
298 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 28 May 2013![]() | ISS (crew 36/37) | 11 November 2013![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
299 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 11 June 2013![]() | Tiangong 1 | 26 June 2013![]() | Fifth human spaceflight and second crewed space station docking for China. | |
300 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 25 September 2013![]() | ISS (crew 37/38) | 11 March 2014![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
301 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 7 November 2013![]() | ISS (crew 38/39) | 14 May 2014![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
302 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 25 March 2014![]() | ISS (crew 39/40) | 11 September 2014![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
303 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 28 May 2014![]() | ISS (crew 40/41) | 10 November 2014![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
304 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 25 September 2014![]() | ISS (crew 41/42) | 12 March 2015![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
305 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 23 November 2014![]() | ISS (crew 42/43) | 11 June 2015![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
306 | ![]() | 27 March 2015![]() | ISS (crew 43/44) | 12 September 2015![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
![]() ![]() | ISS (crew 43/44/45/46) | 2 March 2016![]() | ||||
307 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 22 July 2015![]() | ISS (crew 44/45) | 11 December 2015![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
308 | ![]() | 2 September 2015![]() | ISS (crew 45/46) | 2 March 2016![]() | ISS crew rotation; First citizen of Kazakhstan (Aimbetov) and first Dane (Mogensen) in space. | |
![]() ![]() | ISS | 12 September 2015![]() | ||||
309 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 15 December 2015![]() | ISS (crew 46/47) | 18 June 2016![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
310 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 18 March 2016![]() | ISS (crew 47/48) | 7 September 2016![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
311 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 7 July 2016![]() | ISS (crew 48/49) | 30 October 2016![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
312 | ![]() ![]() | 16 October 2016![]() | Tiangong 2 | 18 November 2016![]() | Testbed mission for the Chinese to gain experience from an extended stay on a space laboratory and test its life-support systems. | |
313 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 19 October 2016![]() | ISS (crew 49/50) | 10 April 2017![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
314 | ![]() ![]() | 17 November 2016![]() | ISS (crew 50/51) | 2 June 2017![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
![]() | ISS (crew 50/51/52) | 3 September 2017![]() | ||||
315 | ![]() ![]() | 20 April 2017![]() | ISS (crew 51/52) | 3 September 2017![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
316 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 28 July 2017![]() | ISS (crew 52/53) | 14 December 2017![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
317 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 12 September 2017![]() | ISS (crew 53/54) | 28 February 2018![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
318 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 17 December 2017![]() | ISS (crew 54/55) | 3 June 2018![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
319 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 21 March 2018![]() | ISS (crew 55/56) | 4 October 2018![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
320 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 6 June 2018![]() | ISS (crew 56/57) | 20 December 2018![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
— | ![]() ![]() | 11 October 2018![]() | Aborted shortly after launch to the ISS due to second stage malfunction. Reached an apogee of 93 km, falling short of the Kármán line. | |||
321 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 3 December 2018![]() | ISS (crew 57/58/59) | 25 June 2019![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
— | ![]() ![]() | 13 December 2018 VSS Unity VP-03 | Successful test flight for Virgin Galactic commercial fleet, in preparation for later space tourism operations. Apogee of 82.7 km did not pass the Kármán line but passed the US definition of space. | |||
— | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 22 February 2019 VSS Unity VF-01 | First test passenger flight for Virgin Galactic commercial fleet, in preparation for later space tourism operations. The passenger, Beth Moses, is Virgin Galactic's Chief Astronaut Instructor and the first woman to fly aboard a commercial spaceship. Apogee of 89.9 km did not pass the Kármán line but passed the US definition of space. | |||
322 | ![]() ![]() | 14 March 2019![]() | ISS (crew 59/60) | 3 October 2019![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
![]() | ISS (crew 59/60/61) | 6 February 2020![]() | ||||
323 | ![]() ![]() | 20 July 2019![]() | ISS (crew 60/61) | 6 February 2020![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
![]() | ISS (crew 60/61/62) | 17 April 2020![]() | ||||
324 | ![]() ![]() | 25 September 2019![]() | ISS (crew 61/62) | 17 April 2020![]() | ISS crew rotation; First Emirati person in space (Al Mansouri). | |
![]() | ISS (MBRSC) | 3 October 2019![]() | ||||
325 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 9 April 2020![]() | ISS (crew 62/63) | 22 October 2020![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
326 | ![]() ![]() | 30 May 2020![]() | ISS | 2 August 2020![]() | First crewed test flight of SpaceX's Crew Dragon spacecraft. | |
327 | ![]() ![]() ![]() | 14 October 2020![]() | ISS (crew 63/64) | 17 April 2021![]() | ISS crew rotation. | |
328 | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | 15 November 2020![]() | ISS (crew 64/65) | 2 May 2021![]() | ISS crew rotation. |
Human spaceflight is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be remotely operated from ground stations on Earth, or autonomously, without any direct human involvement. People trained for spaceflight are called astronauts, cosmonauts (Russian), or taikonauts (Chinese); and non-professionals are referred to as spaceflight participants or spacefarers.
A space station is a spacecraft capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time and is therefore a type of space habitat. It lacks major propulsion or landing systems. An orbital station or an orbital space station is an artificial satellite. Stations must have docking ports to allow other spacecraft to dock to transfer crew and supplies. The purpose of maintaining an orbital outpost varies depending on the program. Space stations have most often been launched for scientific purposes, but military launches have also occurred.
Human spaceflight programs have been conducted, started, or planned by multiple countries and companies. The age of crewed rocket flight was initiated by Fritz von Opel who piloted the world's first rocket-propelled flight on 30 September 1929. All space flights depend on rocket technology; von Opel was the co-designer and financier of the visionary project. Until the 21st century, human spaceflight programs were sponsored exclusively by governments, through either the military or civilian space agencies. With the launch of the privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of human spaceflight programs – commercial human spaceflight – arrived. By the end of 2022, three countries and one private company (SpaceX) had successfully launched humans to Earth orbit, and two private companies had launched humans on a suborbital trajectory.
Apollo–Soyuz was the first crewed international space mission, carried out jointly by the United States and the Soviet Union in July 1975. Millions of people around the world watched on television as a United States Apollo spacecraft docked with a Soviet Soyuz capsule. The project, and its handshake in space, was a symbol of détente between the two superpowers during the Cold War.
A mission patch is a cloth reproduction of a spaceflight mission emblem worn by astronauts and other personnel affiliated with that mission. It is usually executed as an embroidered patch. The term space patch is mostly applied to an emblem designed for a crewed space mission. Traditionally, the patch is worn on the space suit that astronauts and cosmonauts wear when launched into space. Mission patches have been adopted by the crew and personnel of many other space ventures, public and private.
Spaceflight began in the 20th century following theoretical and practical breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Robert H. Goddard, and Hermann Oberth. First successful large-scale rocket programs were initiated in the 1920s Germany by Fritz von Opel and Max Valier, and eventually in Nazi Germany by Wernher von Braun. The Soviet Union took the lead in the post-war Space Race, launching the first satellite, the first man and the first woman into orbit. The United States caught up with, and then passed, their Soviet rivals during the mid-1960s, landing the first men on the Moon in 1969. In the same period, France, the United Kingdom, Japan and China were concurrently developing more limited launch capabilities.
Timeline of longest spaceflights is a chronology of the longest spaceflights. Many of the first flights set records measured in hours and days, the space station missions of the 1970s and 1980s pushed this to weeks and months, and by the 1990s the record was pushed to over a year and has remained there into the 21st century.