List of mammals of Afghanistan

Last updated

This list of the mammal species in Afghanistan provides information about the status of the 129 mammal species occurring in Afghanistan. Four are endangered, twelve are vulnerable, and five are near threatened. [1] The following classes, which lie on a spectrum of lowest to highest risk of extinction, are used to highlight each species' global conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:

Contents

LCLeast concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.
NTNear threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction, but it is likely to do so in the future.
VUVulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
ENEndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
CRCritically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EWExtinct in the wildThe species is known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized population well outside its previous range.
EXExtinctThere is no reasonable doubt that the last individual of the species has died.
DDData deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Chinkara Chinkara.jpg
Chinkara

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Pallas's cat Manul1.jpg
Pallas's cat
Leopard cat Bengalkatze.jpg
Leopard cat
Corsac fox Korsak.jpg
Corsac fox
Golden jackal Canis aureus naria - Yala December 2010 (1).jpg
Golden jackal
Least weasel Mustela nivalis (two, fighting).jpg
Least weasel
Beech marten Steinmarder.JPG
Beech marten
Honey badger Honey badger.jpg
Honey badger

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

The following species are listed as historically present: [13]

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus.jpg
Serotine bat
Lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri.jpg
Lesser noctule

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

Long-eared hedgehog Long Eared hedgehog.jpg
Long-eared hedgehog

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Primates

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

Lesser white-toothed shrew Gartenspitzmaus.jpg
Lesser white-toothed shrew
Asian house shrew Suncus murinus.jpg
Asian house shrew
Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex minutus.jpg
Eurasian pygmy shrew

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mohammadian, H. (2011). An Introduction to Mammals of Afghanistan. Tehran, Iran: Shabpareh Publishing Institute. ISBN   978-600-5038-15-6.
  2. ↑ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella bennettii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T8978A50187762.
  3. ↑ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella subgutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T8976A50187422.
  4. ↑ Weinberg, P. & Ambarli, H. (2020). "Capra aegagrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T3786A22145942.
  5. ↑ Michel, S. & Rosen Michel, T. (2015). "Capra falconeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T3787A97218336.
  6. ↑ Reading, R.; Michel, S.; Suryawanshi, K. & Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "Capra sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T42398A22148720.
  7. ↑ Reading, R.; Michel, S. & Amgalanbaatar, S. (2020). "Ovis ammon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T15733A22146397.
  8. ↑ Michel, S. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Ovis vignei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T54940655A54940728.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ↑ Duckworth, J.W. & MacKinnon, J. (2008). "Naemorhedus goral". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T14296A4430073.
  10. ↑ Timmins, R.J. & Duckworth, J.W. (2015). "Moschus cupreus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T136750A61979453.
  11. 1 2 Brook, S.M.; Donnithorne-Tait, D.; Lorenzini, R.; Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Ahmad, K. & Thakur, M. (2017). "Cervus hanglu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T4261A120733024.
  12. ↑ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
  13. ↑ Habibi, K. (2003). Mammals of Afghanistan. Coimbatore, India: Zoo Outreach Organisation, USFWS.
  14. ↑ Avgan, B.; Henschel, P.; Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T3847A102424310.
  15. ↑ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
  16. ↑ Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M. & Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en .
  17. ↑ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  18. ↑ Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Dhendup, T.; Munkhtsog, B.; Smelansky, I.; Barclay, D. & Moqanaki, E. (2020). "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T15640A180145377.
  19. ↑ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A. & Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T18146A50661611.
  20. ↑ Stein, A. B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro, S.; Kamler, J.F. & Laguardia, A. (2016). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15954A160698029.
  21. ↑ McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P. & McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22732A50664030.
  22. ↑ Jennings, A. & Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T70204120A70204139.
  23. ↑ Mudappa, D. & Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41611A45206787.
  24. ↑ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
  25. ↑ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Vulpes cana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T23050A48075169.
  26. ↑ Murdoch, J.D. (2014). "Vulpes corsac". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T23051A59049446.
  27. ↑ Mallon, D.; Murdoch, J.D. & Wacher, T. (2015). "Vulpes rueppelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T23053A46197483.
  28. ↑ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
  29. ↑ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
  30. ↑ Boitani, L. & Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T3746A119623865.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ↑ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
  32. ↑ Garshelis, D. L. & Steinmetz, R. (2016). "Ursus thibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22824A114252336.
  33. ↑ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
  34. ↑ Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Choudhury, A.; Abramov, A.V.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Rahman, H.; Hearn, A.; Dinets, V. & Willcox, D.H.A. (2016). "Martes flavigula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41649A45212973.
  35. ↑ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
  36. ↑ Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K. & Abramov, A. V. (2016). "Mellivora capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41629A45210107.
  37. ↑ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
  38. ↑ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
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  40. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14124A22053297.
  41. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
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  43. ↑ Kruskop, S.V. (2016). "Myotis longipes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14175A22056206.
  44. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
  45. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M. & Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
  46. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
  47. ↑ Benda, P.; Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Rhyneptesicus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T7935A22117147.
  48. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2020). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T81633057A151216401.
  49. ↑ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
  50. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19515A21972073. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T19515A21972073.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  51. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  52. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
  53. ↑ Alcaldé, J.; Benda, P. & Juste, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus mehelyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19519A21974380.
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  57. ↑ Timmins, R. J.; Richardson, M.; Chhangani, A. & Yongcheng, L. (2008). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T12554A3356486. Retrieved 16 January 2020.
  58. ↑ Global Mammal Assessment Team 2008. (2008). "Homo sapiens (human)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136584A4313662.en .{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  59. ↑ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
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  62. ↑ Kamler, J. F.; Songsasen, N.; Jenks, K.; Srivathsa, A.; Sheng, L. & Kunkel, K. (2015). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T5953A72477893.
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