List of mammals of Russia

Last updated

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the national animal of Russia Medved mzoo.jpg
The brown bear (Ursus arctos) is the national animal of Russia

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Russia. There are 266 mammal species in Russia, of which five are critically endangered, thirteen are endangered, twenty-six are vulnerable, and six are near threatened. One of the species listed for Russia is extinct and one can no longer be found in the wild. All the mammals of Russia are in the subclass Theria and infraclass Eutheria, being all placental. [1]

Contents

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EXExtinctNo reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EWExtinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CRCritically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
ENEndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VUVulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NTNear threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LCLeast concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DDData deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Red squirrel Ab sciurus vulgaris.jpg
Red squirrel
European hamster Chomik europejski.jpg
European hamster
Bobak marmot Bobak-drawing.jpg
Bobak marmot
Edible dormouse Siebenschlaefer glis glis.jpg
Edible dormouse
Northern birch mouse Pallas Sicista betulina 1778-79.png
Northern birch mouse
Winter white Russian dwarf hamster Phodopus sungorus 2 - Colour corrected.jpg
Winter white Russian dwarf hamster
Bank vole Rotelmaus I.jpg
Bank vole
Norway lemming Berglemming-drawing.jpg
Norway lemming
Common vole Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg
Common vole
Tundra vole TundraVole23.jpg
Tundra vole
Yellow-necked mouse Apodemus.flavicollis.jpg
Yellow-necked mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

Northern pika Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis detail.jpg
Northern pika
European rabbit Kaninchen.jpg
European rabbit
Mountain hare Lepus timidus 01-cropped.jpg
Mountain hare

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)

West European hedgehog Igel01.jpg
West European hedgehog

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Lesser white-toothed shrew Gartenspitzmaus.jpg
Lesser white-toothed shrew
Common shrew Spitzmaeuse-drawing.jpg
Common shrew
Russian desman Desmana moschata MHNT.INS.10.jpg
Russian desman
European mole Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg
European mole

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

Daubenton's bat Wasserfledermaus-drawing.jpg
Daubenton's bat
Barbastelle Mopsfledermaus-drawing.jpg
Barbastelle
Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus.jpg
Serotine bat
Common noctule Nyctalus noctula.jpg
Common noctule

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

Bowhead whales in Shantar Islands A bowhead whale is tail-slapping in the coastal waters of western Sea of Okhotsk by Olga Shpak, Marine Mammal Council, IEE RAS.jpg
Bowhead whales in Shantar Islands
Blue whale Bluewhale877.jpg
Blue whale
Humpback whale Humpback Whale underwater shot.jpg
Humpback whale
Western gray whale on Sakhalin Sakhalin-gray-whale-small.jpg
Western gray whale on Sakhalin
Harbour porpoise Porpoise touching.jpg
Harbour porpoise
Dall's porpoise Dalls Porpoise Underwater.JPG
Dall's porpoise
Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba-cropped.jpg
Striped dolphin
Common dolphin Comdolph.jpg
Common dolphin
Orca Killerwhales jumping.jpg
Orca

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Leopard cat Bengalkatze.jpg
Leopard cat
Siberian tiger P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg
Siberian tiger
Snow leopard Uncia uncia.jpg
Snow leopard
Red fox Simferopol zoo - fox.jpg
Red fox
Corsac fox Fox---Vulpes-corsac---(Gentry).jpg
Corsac fox
Gray wolf Howling wolf 01.jpg
Gray wolf
Dhole Cuon alpinus in moscow zoo.jpg
Dhole
Raccoon dog Ialtinskii zoopark 089.jpg
Raccoon dog
Least weasel Mustela nivalis (two, fighting).jpg
Least weasel
European otter Zoo in Yalta 008.jpg
European otter
Northern fur seal Northfursealbull.jpg
Northern fur seal
Walrus Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) NOAA Photo Library.jpg
Walrus
Common seal Seehund.jpg
Common seal
Baikal Seal Baikal seal 200507 hakone japan.JPG
Baikal Seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

Wild horse Przewalski 26-9-2004-2.jpg
Wild horse

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Saiga antelope Saiga.jpg
Saiga antelope
West Caucasian tur WestCaucasianTur.jpg
West Caucasian tur

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Locally extinct and extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

The following species are extinct:

See also

References

  1. ↑ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ↑ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
  3. ↑ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
  4. ↑ Banaszek, A.; Bogomolov, P.; Feoktistova, N.; La Haye, M.; Monecke, S.; Reiners, T. E.; Rusin, M.; Surov, A.; Weinhold, U. & Ziomek, J. (2020). "Cricetus cricetus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T5529A111875852.
  5. ↑ Batsaikhan, N.; Henttonen, H.; Meinig, H.; Shenbrot, G., Bukhnikashvili, A., Hutterer, R., Kryštufek, B., Yigit, N., Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Arvicola amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2149A115060819.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ↑ Ruedas, L. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19353A165118026.
  7. ↑ Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.J.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsain, G. & Yigit, N. (2015). "Rattus rattus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T19360A115148682.
  8. ↑ Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
  9. ↑ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus timidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T11791A45177198.
  10. ↑ Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus tolai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41308A45193447.
  11. ↑ Villafuerte, R. & Delibes-Mateos, M. (2019). "Oryctolagus cuniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41291A45189779.
  12. ↑ Smith, A.T. & Lissovsky, A. (2016). "Ochotona pusilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15052A45179445. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  13. ↑ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
  14. ↑ Paunović, M. (2019). "Myotis bechsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T14123A22053752.
  15. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14124A22053297.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis brandtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85566997A22054468.
  17. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Aulagnier, S.; Juste, J.; Karatas, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Myotis capaccinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T14126A4399043.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis dasycneme". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14127A22055164.
  19. ↑ Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S. (2020). "Myotis daubentonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85342710A22054773.
  20. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
  21. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
  22. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
  23. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
  24. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T14918A4471682.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  25. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14919A22016159.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  26. ↑ Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14920A22015682.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  27. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Karatas, A. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Pipistrellus nathusii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T17316A6966886.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
  29. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T81633057A19585652.
  30. ↑ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
  31. ↑ Juste, J. & Alcaldé, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus euryale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19516A21971185.
  32. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  33. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
  34. ↑ Alcaldé, J.; Benda, P. & Juste, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus mehelyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19519A21974380.
  35. ↑ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.K.B.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2012). "Kogia breviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T11047A17692192.
  36. ↑ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L. & Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T15421A50368125.
  37. ↑ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
  38. ↑ Gerngross, P.; Ambarli, H.; Angelici, F.M.; Anile, S.; Campbell, R.; Ferreras de Andres, P.; Gil-Sanchez, J.M.; Götz, M.; Jerosch, S.; Mengüllüoglu, D.; Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. (2022). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en . Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  39. ↑ Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M. & Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en .
  40. ↑ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  41. ↑ Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Dhendup, T.; Munkhtsog, B.; Smelansky, I.; Barclay, D. & Moqanaki, E. (2020). "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T15640A162537635.
  42. ↑ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A. & Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T18146A50661611.
  43. ↑ Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2019). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15954A160698029.
  44. ↑ Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y. & Karanth, U. (2015). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T15955A50659951.
  45. ↑ McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P. & McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22732A50664030.
  46. ↑ Murdoch, J.D. (2014). "Vulpes corsac". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T23051A59049446.
  47. ↑ Angerbjörn, A. & Tannerfeldt, M. (2014). "Vulpes lagopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T899A57549321.
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  49. ↑ Kauhala, K. & Saeki, M. (2016). "Nyctereutes procyonoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14925A85658776.
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  52. ↑ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
  53. ↑ Garshelis, D. L. & Steinmetz, R. (2016). "Ursus thibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22824A114252336.
  54. ↑ Abramov, A.V. (2016). "Gulo gulo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T9561A45198537.
  55. ↑ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
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  61. ↑ Abramov, A. (2016). "Meles leucurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T136385A45221149.
  62. ↑ Abramov, A. (2016). "Mustela altaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41653A45213647.
  63. ↑ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
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  79. ↑ TASS, 2019, Wood bison to be listed in Yakutia's Red Data Book
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  83. ↑ Weinberg, P. (2020). "Capra caucasica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T3794A22143809.
  84. ↑ Lortkipanidze, B. & Weinberg, P. (2020). "Capra cylindricornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T3795A91287260.
  85. ↑ Reading, R.; Michel, S.; Suryawanshi, K. & Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "Capra sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T42398A22148720.
  86. ↑ Bragina, E.; Kim, S.; Zaumyslova, O.; Park, Y.-S. & Lee, W. (2020). "Naemorhedus caudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T14295A22150540.
  87. ↑ Reading, R.; Michel, S. & Amgalanbaatar, S. (2020). "Ovis ammon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T15733A22146397.
  88. ↑ Aulagnier, S.; Giannatos, G. & Herrero, J. (2008). "Rupicapra rupicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T39255A10179647.
  89. ↑ Buzzard, P. & Berger, J. (2016). "Bos mutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2892A101293528.
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  93. ↑ Domning, D. (2016). "Hydrodamalis gigas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T10303A43792683. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T10303A43792683.en .
  94. ↑ Aurioles, D.; Trillmich, F. & IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group (2008). "Zalophus japonicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T41667A113089431.
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