List of mammals of Pakistan

Last updated

The markhor, is the national animal of Pakistan Capra falconeri hepteneri.jpg
The markhor, is the national animal of Pakistan
The snow leopard is the national heritage animal of Pakistan Snow Leopard 13.jpg
The snow leopard is the national heritage animal of Pakistan

This list of the mammals of Pakistan shows the conservation status of the 173 mammal species occurring in Pakistan, of which 12 are critically endangered, 11 are endangered, 14 are vulnerable, and 10 are near threatened. The largest mammal in Pakistan is the Himalayan brown bear. The markhor is the national animal of Pakistan. The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed on the IUCN Red List:

Contents

DDData deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
EXExtinctNo reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EWExtinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CRCritically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
ENEndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VUVulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NTNear threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LCLeast concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.

Order: Primates

Rhesus macaque is the territorial animal of Islamabad Rhesus Macaques.jpg
Rhesus macaque is the territorial animal of Islamabad

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Indian crested porcupine Hystrix.leucura.jpg
Indian crested porcupine
Woolly flying squirrel WoolySquirrelLyd.jpg
Woolly flying squirrel
Acomys dimidiatus Sinaistachelmaus.jpg
Acomys dimidiatus
Indian desert jird AB071 Merionis hurrianae.JPG
Indian desert jird

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

Asian house shrew Suncus murinus.jpg
Asian house shrew

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus egypticus.jpg
Egyptian fruit bat
Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus.jpg
Serotine bat
Lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri.jpg
Lesser noctule
Megaderma lyra Megaderma lyra ras.jpg
Megaderma lyra

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

Arabian humpback whales The-Worlds-Most-Isolated-and-Distinct-Whale-Population-Humpback-Whales-of-the-Arabian-Sea-pone.0114162.s001.tif
Arabian humpback whales
Pygmy blue whale skeleton at the Pakistan Museum of Natural History View of Baby Whale Skeleton from the top at PMNH.JPG
Pygmy blue whale skeleton at the Pakistan Museum of Natural History
Melon-headed whale Melon-headed whale large.jpg
Melon-headed whale

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Sand cat Felis margarita.jpg
Sand cat
Snow leopard, state animal of Pakistan Lightmatter snowleopard.jpg
Snow leopard, state animal of Pakistan
Indian wolf Canis lupus female head.JPG
Indian wolf
Asiatic black bear Kragenbar.jpg
Asiatic black bear
Stoat Suffolk-stoats.jpg
Stoat
European otter Fischotter, Lutra Lutra.JPG
European otter

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus1.jpg
Nilgai
Markhor, the national animal of Pakistan Markhor.jpg
Markhor, the national animal of Pakistan

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Timmins, R. J.; Richardson, M.; Chhangani, A. & Yongcheng, L. (2008). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T12554A3356486.
  2. ↑ Groves, C. P. & Molur, S. (2008). "Semnopithecus ajax". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T39833A10274370.
  3. ↑ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. J. (2016). "Hystrix indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T10751A115099509.
  4. ↑ Aplin, K. (2016). "Mus terricolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T13987A115119298.
  5. ↑ Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N. & Mitsain, G. (2016). "Mus musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T13972A115117618.
  6. ↑ Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Rattus pyctoris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19370A115150159. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T19370A22445185.en . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  7. ↑ Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.J.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsain, G. & Yigit, N. (2015). "Rattus rattus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T19360A115148682.
  8. ↑ Ruedas, L. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19353A165118026.
  9. ↑ Johnston, C.H.; Robinson, T.J.; Child, M.F. & Relton, C. (2019). "Lepus capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41277A45186750.
  10. ↑ Nameer, P.O. & Smith, A.T. (2019). "Lepus nigricollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41282A45188041.
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  12. ↑ Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Bates, P.; Francis, C. (2008). "Pteropus giganteus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T18725A8511108. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18725A8511108.en . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  13. ↑ Juste, J.; Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14124A22053297. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14124A22053297.en . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  14. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
  15. ↑ Csorba, G.; Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14920A22015682. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14920A22015682.en . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  16. ↑ Juste, J.; Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14919A22016159. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14919A22016159.en . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  17. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M. & Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
  18. ↑ Benda, P.; Srinivasulu, C.; Srinivasulu, B. (2019). "Rhyneptesicus nasutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T7935A22117147.
  19. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19515A21972073.
  20. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  21. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
  22. ↑ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
  23. ↑ Mahmood, T.; Challender, D.; Khatiwada, A.; Andleeb, S.; Perera, P.; Trageser, S.; Ghose, A. & Mohapatra, R. (2019). "Manis crassicaudata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T12761A123583998.
  24. ↑ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Megaptera novaeangliae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T13006A50362794.
  25. ↑ Braulik, G.T.; Smith, B.D.; Chaudhry, S. (2012). "Platanista gangetica ssp. minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T41757A17628296. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T41757A17628296.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  26. ↑ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.K.B.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P.; Pitman, R.L. (2012). "Kogia breviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T11047A17692192. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T11047A17692192.en . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  27. ↑ Muhammad Irfan (12 September 2017). "First live sperm whales sighted in Pakistani waters: WWF (Video)". Daily Pakistan . Retrieved 21 September 2017.
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  32. ↑ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
  33. ↑ Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M. & Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en .
  34. ↑ Sliwa, A.; Ghadirian, T.; Appel, A.; Banfield, L.; Sher Shah, M. & Wacher, T. (2016). "Felis margarita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T8541A50651884.
  35. ↑ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  36. ↑ Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Dhendup, T.; Munkhtsog, B.; Smelansky, I.; Barclay, D. & Moqanaki, E. (2020). "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T15640A180145377.
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  45. ↑ Jennings, A. & Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T70204120A70204139.
  46. ↑ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
  47. ↑ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
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  51. ↑ Jhala, Y.V. (2016). "Vulpes bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T23049A81069636.
  52. ↑ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Vulpes cana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T23050A48075169.
  53. ↑ Mallon, D.; Murdoch, J.D. & Wacher, T. (2015). "Vulpes rueppelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T23053A46197483.
  54. ↑ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
  55. ↑ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
  56. ↑ Garshelis, D. L. & Steinmetz, R. (2016). "Ursus thibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22824A114252336.
  57. ↑ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
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  63. ↑ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
  64. ↑ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Vormela peregusna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29680A45203971.
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  66. ↑ Duckworth, J.W.; Kumar, N.S.; Anwarul Islam, M.; Sagar Baral, H. & Timmins, R. (2015). "Axis axis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T41783A22158006.
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  72. ↑ Weinberg, P. & Ambarli, H. (2020). "Capra aegagrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T3786A22145942.
  73. ↑ Michel, S. & Rosen Michel, T. (2015). "Capra falconeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T3787A97218336.
  74. ↑ Reading, R.; Michel, S.; Suryawanshi, K. & Bhatnagar, Y.V. (2020). "Capra sibirica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T42398A22148720.
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  76. ↑ Reading, R.; Michel, S. & Amgalanbaatar, S. (2020). "Ovis ammon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T15733A22146397.
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  79. ↑ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
  80. ↑ Durant, S.; Mitchell, N.; Ipavec, A. & Groom, R. (2015). "Acinonyx jubatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T219A50649567.
  81. ↑ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016). "Antilope cervicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T1681A50181949.
  82. ↑ Brook, S.M.; Donnithorne-Tait, D.; Lorenzini, R.; Lovari, S.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Ahmad, K. & Thakur, M. (2017). "Cervus hanglu". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T4261A120733024.
  83. ↑ Williams, C.; Tiwari, S.K.; Goswami, V.R.; de Silva, S.; Easa, P.S.; Kumar, A.; Baskaran, N.; Yoganand, K. & Menon, V. (2020). "Elephas maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T7140A45818198.
  84. ↑ Kaczensky, P.; Lkhagvasuren, B.; Pereladova, O.; Hemami, M.; Bouskila, A. (2016). "Equus hemionus ssp. khur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T7963A3144616.
  85. ↑ Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15951A115130419.
  86. ↑ Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y. & Karanth, U. (2015). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T15955A50659951.
  87. ↑ Ellis, S. & Talukdar, B. (2019). "Rhinoceros unicornis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T19496A18494149.
  88. ↑ Duckworth, J. W.; Kumar, N.S.; Pokharel, C.P.; Baral, H. S. & Timmins, R. J. (2015). "Rucervus duvaucelii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T4257A22167675.
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