List of mammals of Turkey

Last updated

This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 150 wild mammal fauna of Turkey. Two are critically endangered, two are endangered, fourteen are vulnerable, and three are near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' global status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

Contents

EXExtinctNo reasonable doubt that the very last individual has died.
EWExtinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CRCritically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
ENEndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VUVulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NTNear threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LCLeast concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species, and does not require protection of any kind.
DDData deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Indian porcupine Hystrix.leucura.jpg
Indian porcupine
European ground squirrel Europaischer Ziesel in Hockstellung.jpg
European ground squirrel
Edible dormouse Siebenschlaefer glis glis.jpg
Edible dormouse
Striped field mouse D3 Apodemus Agrarius.jpg
Striped field mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw, which grow continually and are kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the porcupines can weigh up to 20 kg (44 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares and picas)

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

Long-eared hedgehog Long Eared hedgehog.jpg
Long-eared hedgehog

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

Lesser white-toothed shrew Gartenspitzmaus.jpg
Lesser white-toothed shrew
Eurasian water shrew Wasserspitzmaus-drawing.jpg
Eurasian water shrew
Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex minutus-1.jpg
Eurasian pygmy shrew

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

Daubenton's bat Wasserfledermaus-drawing.jpg
Daubenton's bat
Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus.jpg
Serotine bat
Greater noctule bat GreaterNoctule.JPG
Greater noctule bat
Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus 2013-2 (cropped).jpg
Brown long-eared bat

The bats' distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales, dolphins, and porpoises)

Risso's dolphin Rundkopfdelfin.jpg
Risso's dolphin

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Species listed below also includes species being recorded in Levantine Sea.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

European wildcat Wildkatze 002.jpg
European wildcat
The European jackal (Canis aureus moreotica) is common in Aegean and Mediterranean coasts of the country Turkishjackal.jpg
The European jackal (Canis aureus moreotica) is common in Aegean and Mediterranean coasts of the country
European polecat Ilder.jpg
European polecat
European otter Fischotter, Lutra Lutra.JPG
European otter

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Even-toed ungulates' weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in Turkey:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. J. (2016). "Hystrix indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T10751A115099509.
  2. ↑ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
  3. ↑ Banaszek, A.; Bogomolov, P.; Feoktistova, N.; La Haye, M.; Monecke, S.; Reiners, T. E.; Rusin, M.; Surov, A.; Weinhold, U. & Ziomek, J. (2020). "Cricetus cricetus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T5529A111875852.
  4. ↑ Batsaikhan, N.; Henttonen, H.; Meinig, H.; Shenbrot, G.; Bukhnikashvili, A.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Arvicola amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2149A115060819.
  5. ↑ Amori, G.; Aulagnier, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2016). "Eliomys melanurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T7619A115085446.
  6. ↑ Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N. & Mitsain, G. (2016). "Mus musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T13972A115117618.
  7. ↑ Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S. (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
  8. ↑ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T29656A9511068.
  9. ↑ Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis bechsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14123A22053752.
  10. ↑ Coroiu, I.; Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis myotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14133A22051759.
  11. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis brandtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85566997A22054468.
  12. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Aulagnier, S.; Juste, J.; Karatas, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Myotis capaccinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T14126A4399043.
  13. ↑ Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S. (2020). "Myotis daubentonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85342710A22054773.
  14. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
  15. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
  16. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
  17. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
  18. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Eptesicus nilssonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T7910A22116204.
  19. ↑ Godlevska, L.; Kruskop, S.V.; Gazaryan, S. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eptesicus serotinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85199559A195834153.
  20. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M. & Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
  21. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T14918A4471682.
  22. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
  23. ↑ Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14920A22015682.
  24. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Karatas, A. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Pipistrellus nathusii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T17316A6966886.
  25. ↑ Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Kruskop, S.V.; Gazaryan, S.; Benda, P. & Paunović, M. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Pipistrellus pipistrellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85333513A196581936.
  26. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
  27. ↑ Gazaryan, S. & Godlevska, L. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus austriacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85533333A195862345.
  28. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Vespertilio murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22947A22071456.
  29. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T81633057A19585652.
  30. ↑ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
  31. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus blasii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19515A21972073.
  32. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  33. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
  34. ↑ "Minke Whale stranded in Turkey | TUDAV" . Retrieved 2019-11-05.
  35. ↑ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Balaenoptera acutorostrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T2474A50348265.
  36. ↑ "Fifth stranding record of the Fin Whale in Turkey | TUDAV" . Retrieved 2019-11-05.
  37. ↑ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Megaptera novaeangliae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T13006A50362794.
  38. 1 2 "Marine Mammals of Turkey | TUDAV" . Retrieved 2019-11-05.
  39. ↑ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L.; Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T15421A50368125.
  40. ↑ Street Boys of the Bosphorus - Dolphins in Istanbul Strait
  41. ↑ Avgan, B.; Henschel, P. & Ghoddousi, A. (2016). "Caracal caracal". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T3847A102424310.
  42. ↑ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
  43. ↑ Avgan, B. (2009). "Sighting of a jungle cat and the threats of its habitat in Turkey". Cat News. 50: 16.
  44. ↑ Ghoddousi, A.; Belbachir, F.; Durant, S.M.; Herbst, M. & Rosen, T. (2022). "Felis lybica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T131299383A154907281. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T131299383A154907281.en .
  45. ↑ Gerngross, P.; Ambarli, H.; Angelici, F.M.; Anile, S.; Campbell, R.; Ferreras de Andres, P.; Gil-Sanchez, J.M.; Götz, M.; Jerosch, S.; Mengüllüoglu, D.; Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. (2022). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en . Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  46. ↑ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  47. 1 2 Stein, A. B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro, S.; Kamler, J.F. & Laguardia, A. (2016). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15954A102421779.
  48. ↑ Do Linh San, E.; Maddock, A. H.; Gaubert, P. & Palomares, F. (2016). "Herpestes ichneumon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41613A45207211.
  49. ↑ Mudappa, D. & Choudhury, A. (2016). "Herpestes edwardsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41611A45206787.
  50. ↑ AbiSaid, M. & Dloniak, S.M.D. (2015). "Hyaena hyaena". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T10274A45195080.
  51. ↑ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
  52. ↑ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
  53. ↑ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
  54. ↑ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
  55. ↑ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
  56. ↑ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
  57. ↑ Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Maran, T. & Monakhov, V.G. (2016). "Martes martes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T12848A45199169.
  58. ↑ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
  59. ↑ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
  60. ↑ Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Stubbe, M.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J.D.S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R. & Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41658A45214384.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  61. ↑ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Vormela peregusna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29680A45203971.
  62. ↑ Karamanlidis, A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T13653A45227543.
  63. ↑ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella gazella". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T8989A50186574.
  64. ↑ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella marica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T8977A50187738.
  65. ↑ IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2017). "Gazella subgutturosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T8976A50187422.
  66. ↑ Weinberg, P. & Ambarli, H. (2020). "Capra aegagrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T3786A22145942.
  67. ↑ Michel, S. & Ghoddousi, A. (2020). "Ovis gmelini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T54940218A22147055.
  68. ↑ Aulagnier, S.; Giannatos, G. & Herrero, J. (2008). "Rupicapra rupicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T39255A10179647.
  69. ↑ Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
  70. ↑ Masseti, M. & Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T42188A10656554.
  71. ↑ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
  72. ↑ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
  73. ↑ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
  74. ↑ Werner, N.Y.; Rabiei, A.; Saltz, D.; Daujat, J. & Baker, K. (2016). "Dama mesopotamica (errata version)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T6232A97672550. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  75. ↑ Kaczensky, P.; Lkhagvasuren, B.; Pereladova, O.; Hemami, M. & Bouskila, A. (2015). "Equus hemionus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T7951A45171204.
  76. ↑ Bauer, H.; Packer, C.; Funston, P. F.; Henschel, P. & Nowell, K. (2016). "Panthera leo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T15951A115130419.
  77. ↑ Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y. & Karanth, U. (2015). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T15955A50659951.
  78. ↑ Can, Ö. E. (2004). Status, conservation and management of large carnivores in Turkey (PDF). Strasbourg: Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and natural habitats.
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