Soricomorpha

Soricomorpha; Temporal range: Early Paleocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Southern short-tailed shrew
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Lipotyphla
Suborder:	Soricomorpha ; Gregory 1910
Families
	† Heterosoricidae ; † Nesophontidae ; † Nyctitheriidae ; Solenodontidae ; Soricidae ; Talpidae ;

Last updated December 04, 2023

Soricomorpha (from Greek "shrew-form") is a formerly used taxon within the class of mammals. In the past it formed a significant group within the former order Insectivora. However, Insectivora was shown to be polyphyletic and various new orders were split off from it, including Afrosoricida (tenrecs, golden moles, otter shrews), Macroscelidea (elephant shrews), and Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures), with the four remaining extant and recent families of Soricomorpha shown here then being treated as a separate order. Insectivora was left empty and disbanded.^[1]

Subsequently, Soricomorpha itself was shown to be paraphyletic, because Soricidae shared a more recent common ancestor with Erinaceidae than with other soricomorphs.^[3] The combination of Soricomorpha and Erinaceidae, referred to as order Eulipotyphla , has been shown to be monophyletic.^[4]

Living members of the group range in size from the Etruscan shrew, at about 3.5 cm and 2 grams, to the Cuban solenodon, at about 32 cm and 1 kg.

Soricomorpha
- Family Soricidae (shrews)
  - Subfamily Crocidurinae: (white-toothed shrews)
  - Subfamily Soricinae: (red-toothed shrews)
  - Subfamily Myosoricinae: (African white-toothed shrews)
- Family Talpidae : (moles and close relatives)
  - Subfamily Scalopinae (New World moles and close relatives)
  - Subfamily Talpinae (Old World moles and close relatives)
  - Subfamily Uropsilinae (Chinese shrew-like moles)
- Family Solenodontidae : solenodons (rare primitive eulipotyphlans of the Caribbean; two extant species)
- Family † Nesophontidae : West Indian shrews (recently extinct eulipotyphlans of the Caribbean)
- Family † Heterosoricidae
  - genus †Atasorex
  - genus †Dinosorex
  - genus † Domnina
  - genus †Gobisorex
  - genus †Heterosorex
  - genus †Ingentisorex
  - genus †Lusorex
  - genus †Paradomnina
  - genus †Quercysorex
- Family † Nyctitheriidae

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Insectivora</span> Now abandoned biological grouping

The order Insectivora is a now-abandoned biological grouping within the class of mammals. Some species have now been moved out, leaving the remaining ones in the order Eulipotyphla within the larger clade Laurasiatheria, which makes up one of the basal clades of placental mammals.

Shrews are small mole-like mammals classified in the order Eulipotyphla. True shrews are not to be confused with treeshrews, otter shrews, elephant shrews, West Indies shrews, or marsupial shrews, which belong to different families or orders.

Eulipotyphla is an order of mammals suggested by molecular methods of phylogenetic reconstruction, which includes the laurasiatherian members of the now-invalid polyphyletic order Lipotyphla, but not the afrotherian members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Afrosoricida</span> Order of mammals

The clade Afrosoricida contains the golden moles of Southern Africa, the otter shrews of equatorial Africa and the tenrecs of Madagascar. These three groups of small mammals were for most of the 19th and 20th centuries regarded as a part of the Insectivora or Lipotyphla, but both of those groups, as traditionally used, are polyphyletic.

Solenodons are venomous, nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals belonging to the family Solenodontidae. The two living solenodon species are the Cuban solenodon and the Hispaniolan solenodon. Threats to both species include habitat destruction and predation by non-native cats, dogs, and mongooses, introduced by humans to the solenodons' home islands to control snakes and rodents.

Gymnures, also called hairy hedgehogs or moonrats, are mammals belonging to the subfamily Galericinae, in the family Erinaceidae and the order Eulipotyphla. Gymnures resemble rats but are not closely related as they are not rodents; they are instead closely related to hedgehogs, which also belong to Erinaceidae. They are thought to have appeared in Eastern Asia before their closest relatives, and changed little from the original ancestor, which is thought to have been also the ancestor of the shrews.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Erinaceidae</span> Family of mammals

Erinaceidae is a family in the order Eulipotyphla, consisting of the hedgehogs and moonrats. Until recently, it was assigned to the order Erinaceomorpha, which has been subsumed with the paraphyletic Soricomorpha into Eulipotyphla. Eulipotyphla has been shown to be monophyletic; Soricomorpha is paraphyletic because Soricidae shared a more recent common ancestor with Erinaceidae than with other soricomorphs.

Lipotyphla is a formerly used order of mammals, including the members of the order Eulipotyphla as well as three other families of the former order Insectivora, Chrysochloridae, Tenrecidae (tenrecs), and Potamogalidae. However, molecular studies found the golden moles, tenrecs, and otter shrews to be unrelated to the others. This made Lipotyphla an invalid polyphyletic order and gave rise to the notion of Eulipotyphla instead, an exclusively laurasiathere grouping.

The subfamily Talpinae, sometimes called "Old World moles" or "Old World moles and relatives", is one of three subfamilies of the mole family Talpidae, the others being the Scalopinae, or New World moles, and the Uropsilinae, or shrew-like moles.

References

1 2 Hutterer, R. (2005). "Order Soricomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 220–311. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
↑ Gregory, W. K. 1910. The orders of mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.27:1–524. https://books.google.com/books?id=z0IZAAAAYAAJ&q=Soricomorpha&pg=PA465
↑ A. L. Roca; G. K. Bar-Gal; E. Eizirik; K. M. Helgen; R. Maria; M. S. Springer; S. J. O'Brien & W. J. Murphy (2004). "Mesozoic origin for West Indian insectivores". Nature. 429 (6992): 649–651. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..649R. doi:10.1038/nature02597. PMID 15190349. S2CID 915633.
↑ Robin M. D. Beck; Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds; Marcel Cardillo; Fu-Guo Robert Liu & Andy Purvis (2006). "A higher level MRP supertree of placental mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6: 93. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-6-93 . PMC 1654192 . PMID 17101039.

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[msw3-1] 1 2 Hutterer, R. (2005). "Order Soricomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 220–311. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

[2] Gregory, W. K. 1910. The orders of mammals. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.27:1–524. https://books.google.com/books?id=z0IZAAAAYAAJ&q=Soricomorpha&pg=PA465

[Rocaetal04-3] A. L. Roca; G. K. Bar-Gal; E. Eizirik; K. M. Helgen; R. Maria; M. S. Springer; S. J. O'Brien & W. J. Murphy (2004). "Mesozoic origin for West Indian insectivores". Nature. 429 (6992): 649–651. Bibcode:2004Natur.429..649R. doi:10.1038/nature02597. PMID 15190349. S2CID 915633.

[Beck-4] Robin M. D. Beck; Olaf R. P. Bininda-Emonds; Marcel Cardillo; Fu-Guo Robert Liu & Andy Purvis (2006). "A higher level MRP supertree of placental mammals". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 6: 93. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-6-93 . PMC 1654192 . PMID 17101039.

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