Pyrenean desman

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Pyrenean desman [1]
Galemys pyrenaicus 01 by-dpc.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Eulipotyphla
Family: Talpidae
Genus: Galemys
Species:
G. pyrenaicus
Binomial name
Galemys pyrenaicus
(É. Geoffroy, 1811)
Galemys pyrenaicus map.png
  Galemys pyrenaicus pyrenaicus
  Galemys pyrenaicus rufulus

The Pyrenean desman or Iberian desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) is a small semiaquatic, globally threatened mammal related to moles and shrews, and, along with the Russian desman (Desmana moschata), is one of the two extant members of the tribe Desmanini. [2] [3] The species occurs in north and central parts of Spain and Portugal, French Pyrenees, and Andorra, [2] but severe range contractions have been documented across its geographic distribution. [4]

Contents

Description

Snout of the Pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus 02 crop-by-dpc.jpg
Snout of the Pyrenean desman

The Pyrenean desman is 11 to 14 cm (4.3 to 5.5 in) long with a rounded scale-covered tail of 12 to 16 cm (4.7 to 6.3 in), and weighs 35 to 80 g (1.2 to 2.8 oz). [3] They have a long, sensitive nasal trompe provided with hypertrophic vibrissae and chemo-/mechanosensitive Eimer's organs helping prey detection, and large webbed feet with fringed hairs to increase the swimming surface, and can close off their nostrils and ears to stop water penetration. [3] [5]

The desman's body is covered in dark, brownish fur, with the exception of its tail and nose. The nose is black and is covered in vibrissae (facial hairs), which it uses to feel the movement of prey as it sticks its nose into mud or crevices while searching for food. The Pyrenean desman can live at least 3.5 years. The animals are mostly nocturnal, and eat small invertebrates, mostly aquatic macroinvertebrates. They breed up to three times a year, with the period of gestation lasting around thirty days.

Three to four young are born in each litter. The males have a slightly larger territory than the female. Both males and females scent mark. They are thought to be aggressive towards other adult members of the species. [3] [6]

Habitat

Pyrenean desmans are proficient swimmers, suited to their aquatic habitat, although their claws also allow them to be good at climbing. They mostly occur in fast-flowing, mountainous rivers with shallow waters and good riparian galleries. The habitat of the Pyrenean desman is under threat, and recent studies have shown dramatic declines in species occurrence in several parts of its range in the last few decades [4] [7]

Conservation

Threats include habitat fragmentation and alteration, invasive species (e.g. the American mink), and climate change. [4] [7]

The Photo Ark

On May 4, 2018, National Geographic reported that the Pyrenean desman was the 8,000th animal photographed for The Photo Ark by Joel Sartore. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Talpidae</span> Family of small insectivorous mammals

The family Talpidae includes the moles who are small insectivorous mammals of the order Eulipotyphla. Talpids are all digging animals to various degrees: moles are completely subterranean animals; shrew moles and shrew-like moles somewhat less so; and desmans, while basically aquatic, excavate dry sleeping chambers; whilst the quite unique star-nosed mole is equally adept in the water and underground. Talpids are found across the Northern Hemisphere of Eurasia and North America, and range as far south as the montane regions of tropical Southeast Asia.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyrénées National Park</span> French national park in Hautes-Pyrénées and Pyrénées-Atantiques

Pyrénées National Park is a French national park located within the departments of Hautes-Pyrénées and Pyrénées-Atlantiques. The park is located along the border of France and Spain along the Pyrenees Mountains, with a scenic landscape offering a variety of outdoor activities including hiking, skiing, mountain climbing and observing wildlife.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North American river otter</span> Species of semi-aquatic mammal

The North American river otter, also known as the northern river otter and river otter, is a semiaquatic mammal that lives only on the North American continent, along its waterways and coasts. An adult North American river otter can weigh between 5.0 and 14 kg. The river otter is protected and insulated by a thick, water-repellent coat of fur.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Snub-nosed monkey</span> Genus of mammals

Snub-nosed monkeys are a group of Old World monkeys and make up the entirety of the genus Rhinopithecus. The genus is rare and not fully researched. Some taxonomists group snub-nosed monkeys together with the genus Pygathrix.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American water shrew</span> Species of mammal

The American water shrew or northern water shrew is a shrew found in the nearctic faunal region located throughout the mountain ranges of the northern United States and in Canada and Alaska. The organism resides in semi-aquatic habitats, and is known for being the smallest mammalian diver.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Talpinae</span> Subfamily of mammals

The subfamily Talpinae, sometimes called "Old World moles" or "Old World moles and relatives", is one of three subfamilies of the mole family Talpidae, the others being the Scalopinae, or New World moles, and the Uropsilinae, or shrew-like moles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Desman</span> Subfamily of Eurasian insectivores

Desmans are diving insectivores of the tribe Desmanini in the mole family, Talpidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eurasian water shrew</span> Species of mammal

The Eurasian water shrew, known in the United Kingdom as the water shrew, is a relatively large shrew, up to 10 cm (4 in) long, with a tail up to three-quarters as long again. It has short, dark fur, often with a few white tufts, a white belly, and a few stiff hairs around the feet and tail. It lives close to fresh water, hunting aquatic prey in the water and nearby. Its fur traps bubbles of air in the water which greatly aids its buoyancy, but requires it to anchor itself to remain underwater for more than the briefest of dives.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Russian desman</span> Species of mammal

The Russian desman is a small semiaquatic mammal that inhabits the Volga, Don and Ural River basins in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. It constructs burrows into the banks of ponds and slow-moving streams, but prefers small, overgrown ponds with abundance of insects, crayfish and amphibians. The Russian desman often lives in small groups of two to five animals, that are usually not related, and appears to have a complex communication and social system.

<i>Galemys</i> Genus of mammals

Galemys is a genus of mole containing the living Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus) and several fossil species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park</span> National park and biosphere reserve in the Pyrenees in Spain

Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park is an IUCN Category II National Park situated in the Pyrenees. There has been a National Park in the Ordesa Valley since 1918. Its protected area was enlarged in 1982 to cover the whole region, amounting to 156.08 square kilometres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">African clawless otter</span> Species of carnivore

The African clawless otter, also known as the Cape clawless otter or groot otter, is the second-largest freshwater otter species. It inhabits permanent water bodies in savannah and lowland forest areas through most of sub-Saharan Africa. It is characterised by partly webbed and clawless feet, from which their name is derived. The word 'aonyx' means clawless, derived from the prefix a- ("without") and onyx ("claw/hoof").

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cat senses</span> Senses of Felis catus

Cat senses are adaptations that allow cats to be highly efficient predators. Cats are good at detecting movement in low light, have an acute sense of hearing and smell, and their sense of touch is enhanced by long whiskers that protrude from their heads and bodies. These senses evolved to allow cats to hunt effectively at dawn and dusk.

The aquatic rat, Ecuador fish-eating rat, fish-eating rat or Ecuadoran ichthyomyine is a South American species of semiaquatic rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is the only species in the genus Anotomys. This species is currently considered endangered. It is thought to be nocturnal and feeds on aquatic arthropods and insects. It is found in small ranges along the Andes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hydrodynamic reception</span> Ability of an organism to sense water movements

In animal physiology, hydrodynamic reception refers to the ability of some animals to sense water movements generated by biotic or abiotic sources. This form of mechanoreception is useful for orientation, hunting, predator avoidance, and schooling. Frequent encounters with conditions of low visibility can prevent vision from being a reliable information source for navigation and sensing objects or organisms in the environment. Sensing water movements is one resolution to this problem.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Néouvielle National Nature Reserve</span>

Néouvielle National Nature Reserve is a 2,313-hectare (5,720-acre) national nature reserve located in the Néouvielle massif. It ranges from 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) to 3,091 metres (10,141 ft). With a wide array of flora and fauna, it contains about 370 animal species and 570 breeds of algae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Noisetier Cave</span> Cave in France

The Noisetier Cave, owing its popular name to the Hazel trees that grow in front of its entrance, is located in a mountainside 145 m (476 ft) atop the Vallée d'Aure in the Ardengost commune, Hautes-Pyrénées department in the region Occitania, Southern France. During systematic excavations since 1992 Middle Paleolithic stone tools and artifacts attributed to the Neanderthal Mousterian culture were discovered among numerous faunal remains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cantabrian mixed forests</span>

The Cantabrian mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in southwestern Europe. It extends along the coastal Cantabrian Mountains and Galician Massif of Northern Spain, extending south into northern Portugal, and northwards through the westernmost Pyrenees to southwestern France. The ecoregion extends from the seacoast to the highest peaks of the Cantabrian Mountains. The highest peak is Torre Cerredo at 2,648 meters elevation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests</span>

The Pyrenees conifer and mixed forests is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion in southwestern Europe. It extends along the Pyrenees mountains which run east and west along the border between France and Spain, and includes all Andorra. The ecoregion extends from the lower slopes of the Pyrenees to its highest peaks, which include Aneto, Posets, and Vignemale.

References

  1. Hutterer, R. (2005). "Order Soricomorpha". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 303. ISBN   978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC   62265494.
  2. 1 2 3 Quaglietta, L. (2022) [amended version of 2021 assessment]. "Galemys pyrenaicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T8826A214429993. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T8826A214429993.en .
  3. 1 2 3 4 Palmeirim, J. M.; Hoffmann, R. S. (1983). "Galemys pyrenaicus". Mammalian Species (207): 1–5. doi: 10.2307/3503939 . JSTOR   3503939. S2CID   253913583.
  4. 1 2 3 Quaglietta, L.; Paupério, J.; Martins, F.; Alves, P.C.; Beja, P. (20 June 2018). "Recent range contractions in the globally threatened Pyrenean desman highlight the importance of stream headwater refugia". Animal Conservation. 21 (6): 515–525. Bibcode:2018AnCon..21..515Q. doi:10.1111/acv.12422. S2CID   90982534.
  5. Quaglietta, L. (2018). "Semi-aquatic". In Vonk, J.; Shackelford, T. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer, Cham. pp. 1–6. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_394-1. ISBN   978-3-319-47829-6.
  6. Stone, R. D. (1987). "The social ecology of the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus)(Insectivora: Talpidae), as revealed by radiotelemetry". Journal of Zoology. 212 (1): 117–129. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1987.tb05119.x.
  7. 1 2 Charbonnel, A.; Laffaille, P.; Biffi, M.; Blanc, F.; Maire, A.; Némoz, M.; Sanchez-Perez, JM.; Sauvage, S; Buisson, L. (2016). "Can recent global changes explain the dramatic range contraction of an endangered semi-aquatic mammal species in the French Pyrenees?". PLOS ONE. 11 (7): e0159941. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1159941C. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159941 . PMC   4965056 . PMID   27467269.
  8. Gibbens, Sarah (May 4, 2018). "Aquatic Mammal With Snorkel Nose Is 8,000th Animal in Our Photo Ark". Nationalgeographic.com. National Geographic. Archived from the original on June 9, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018.