List of mammals of Germany

Last updated

This list shows the IUCN Red List status of mammal species recorded in Germany. One of them is critically endangered, three are endangered, and several are near threatened. One of the species listed for Germany can no longer be found in the wild. The following tags are used to highlight each species' IUCN Red List status as published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

Contents

EXExtinctNo reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EWExtinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CRCritically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
ENEndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VUVulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NTNear threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LCLeast concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DDData deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Red squirrel Ab sciurus vulgaris.jpg
Red squirrel
Garden dormouse Gartenschlaefer-drawing.jpg
Garden dormouse
Common vole Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg
Common vole
Eurasian harvest mouse Micromysminutus1.jpg
Eurasian harvest mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara of South America can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

Mountain hare Mountain Hare Scotland.jpg
Mountain hare

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early twentieth century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

West European hedgehog Igel01.jpg
West European hedgehog

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

Lesser white-toothed shrew Gartenspitzmaus.jpg
Lesser white-toothed shrew
Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex minutus.jpg
Eurasian pygmy shrew

The Soricomorpha are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

Daubenton's bat Wasserfledermaus-drawing.jpg
Daubenton's bat
Greater noctule bat GreaterNoctule.JPG
Greater noctule bat
Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus 2013-2 (cropped).jpg
Brown long-eared bat

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

Narwhal Narwhalsk.jpg
Narwhal
Beluga Belugawhale MMC.jpg
Beluga
Harbour porpoise Porpoise touching.jpg
Harbour porpoise

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx.jpg
Eurasian lynx
Least weasel Mustela nivalis (two, fighting).jpg
Least weasel
European otter Fischotter, Lutra Lutra.JPG
European otter
Grey seal Grey seal rhossili 1.jpg
Grey seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Chamois Rupicapra rupicapra 0.jpg
Chamois

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Locally extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
  2. ↑ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
  3. ↑ Bertolino, S.; Amori, G.; Henttonen, H.; Zagorodnyuk, I.; Zima, J.; Juškaitis, R.; Meinig, H. & Kryštufek, B. (2008). "Eliomys quercinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T7618A12835766.
  4. ↑ Banaszek, A.; Bogomolov, P.; Feoktistova, N.; La Haye, M.; Monecke, S.; Reiners, T. E.; Rusin, M.; Surov, A.; Weinhold, U. & Ziomek, J. (2020). "Cricetus cricetus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T5529A111875852.
  5. ↑ Batsaikhan, N.; Henttonen, H.; Meinig, H.; Shenbrot, G.; Bukhnikashvili, A.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Arvicola amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2149A115060819.
  6. ↑ Musser, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N. & Mitsain, G. (2016). "Mus musculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T13972A115117618.
  7. ↑ Ruedas, L. (2016). "Rattus norvegicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19353A165118026.
  8. ↑ Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.J.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsain, G. & Yigit, N. (2015). "Rattus rattus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T19360A115148682.
  9. ↑ Hacklande, K. & Schai-Braun, S (2019). "Lepus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41280A45187424.
  10. ↑ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus timidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T11791A45177198.
  11. ↑ Villafuerte, R. & Delibes-Mateos, M. (2019). "Oryctolagus cuniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41291A45189779.
  12. ↑ Amori, G. (2016). "Erinaceus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29650A2791303.
  13. ↑ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.& Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T29656A9511068.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ↑ Paunović, M. (2019). "Myotis bechsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T14123A22053752.
  15. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14124A22053297.
  16. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis brandtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85566997A22054468.
  17. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis dasycneme". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14127A22055164.
  18. ↑ Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S. (2020). "Myotis daubentonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85342710A22054773.
  19. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
  20. ↑ Coroiu, I.; Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis myotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14133A22051759.
  21. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
  22. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
  23. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
  24. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Eptesicus nilssonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T7910A22116204.
  25. ↑ Godlevska, L.; Kruskop, S.V.; Gazaryan, S. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Eptesicus serotinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85199559A195834153.
  26. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M.; Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
  27. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T14918A4471682.
  28. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
  29. ↑ Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14920A22015682.
  30. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Karatas, A. & Paunovic, M. (2010). "Pipistrellus nathusii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T17316A6966886.
  31. ↑ Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Kruskop, S.V.; Gazaryan, S.; Benda, P. & Paunović, M. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Pipistrellus pipistrellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85333513A196581936.
  32. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
  33. ↑ Gazaryan, S. & Godlevska, L. (2020) [amended version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus austriacus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85533333A195862345.
  34. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Vespertilio murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22947A22071456.
  35. ↑ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
  36. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  37. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
  38. ↑ Cooke, J.G. (2018). "Balaenoptera acutorostrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T2474A50348265.
  39. ↑ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.K.B.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2012). "Kogia breviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T11047A17692192.
  40. ↑ Reeves, R.; Pitman, R.L. & Ford, J.K.B. (2017). "Orcinus orca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T15421A50368125.
  41. ↑ Gerngross, P.; Ambarli, H.; Angelici, F.M.; Anile, S.; Campbell, R.; Ferreras de Andres, P.; Gil-Sanchez, J.M.; Götz, M.; Jerosch, S.; Mengüllüoglu, D.; Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. (2022). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en . Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  42. ↑ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  43. ↑ Gaubert, P.; Carvalho, F.; Camps, D. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta genetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T41698A45218636.
  44. ↑ Hoffmann, M.; Arnold, J.; Duckworth, J. W.; Jhala, Y.; Kamler, J. F. & Krofel, M. (2018). "Canis aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T118264161A46194820.
  45. ↑ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
  46. ↑ Kauhala, K. & Saeki, M. (2016). "Nyctereutes procyonoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14925A85658776.
  47. ↑ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
  48. ↑ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
  49. ↑ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
  50. ↑ Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Maran, T. & Monakhov, V.G. (2016). "Martes martes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T12848A45199169.
  51. ↑ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
  52. ↑ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
  53. ↑ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
  54. ↑ Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Stubbe, M.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J.D.S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R. & Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41658A45214384.
  55. ↑ Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M. & Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41661A45214988.
  56. ↑ Plumb, G.; Kowalczyk, R. & Hernandez-Blanco, J.A. (2020). "Bison bonasus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T2814A45156279.
  57. ↑ Aulagnier, S.; Giannatos, G. & Herrero, J. (2008). "Rupicapra rupicapra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T39255A10179647.
  58. ↑ Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
  59. ↑ Masseti, M. & Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T42188A10656554.
  60. ↑ Hundertmark, K. (2016). "Alces alces". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T56003281A22157381.
  61. ↑ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
  62. ↑ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
  63. ↑ Meinig, H. (2019). "Microtus bavaricus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T13461A90865453. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  64. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T81633057A19585652. Retrieved 15 May 2021.
  65. ↑ Maran, T.; Aulagnier, S.; Libois, R.; Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. & Wozencraft, C. (2010). "Mustela lutreola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T14018A4381596.
  66. ↑ Hegyeli, Z. (2020). "Spermophilus citellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T20472A91282380. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T20472A91282380.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  67. ↑ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
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