Neogale

Not to be confused with Neogalea .

Neogale
Long-tailed weasel (N. frenata)
American mink (N. vison)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Mustelidae
Subfamily:	Mustelinae
Genus:	Neogale Gray, 1865
Type species
Mustela frenata [1]
Species
N. africana N. felipei N. frenata N. vison † N. macrodon
Neogale range, including non-native areas
Synonyms
Mustela (in part) Neovison Baryshnikov & Abramov, 1997 Grammogale Cabreragale

Neogale (colloquially referred to as the New World weasels) is a genus of carnivorous, highly active small mammals belonging to the Mustelidae family (which also contains badgers, weasels, martens, otters, and wolverines, among others). Native to the Americas, members of the genus can be found as far north as Alaska and as far south as Argentina and Bolivia. Across this distribution, they thrive in a range of habitats, from the deep-freezes of the Alaskan and Canadian boreal forests to the arid desert southwest, and from the humid tropics of Central and South America (including the Amazon basin) to the windswept foothills of the Andes and northern Patagonia.

Taxonomy

Members of this genus were formerly classified into the genera Mustela and Neovison, but many studies had previously recovered several American species of Mustela, as well as both species within Neovison, to comprise a monophyletic clade distinct from all other members of Mustelinae. ^{[2] [3]} A 2021 study found this clade to have diverged from Mustela during the Late Miocene, between 11.8 - 13.4 million years ago, with all members within the clade being more closely related to one another than to any of the other species in Mustela, and gave it the name Neogale, originally coined by John Edward Gray. ^[1] The American Society of Mammalogists later accepted this change. ^[4]

New World weasels

Mustelinae Mustela Neogale Neogale africana Neogale felipei Neogale frenata Neogale vison † Neogale macrodon

Taxonomy of Neogale [5]

Species

There are 5 recent species in the genus, 4 extant and 1 extinct: ^[4]

Extant species

Genus Neogale – Gray, 1865 – four species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Amazon weasel	Neogale africana (Desmarest, 1800) Two subspecies N. a. africana N. a. stolzmanni	Amazon Basin of South America	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Colombian weasel	Neogale felipei (Izor and de la Torre, 1978)	Andes of Colombia and Ecuador	Size: Habitat: Diet:	VU
Long-tailed weasel	Neogale frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831)	Continental North America south of southern Canada; Andes and northern Amazon Basin in South America	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
American mink	Neogale vison (Schreber, 1777) Fifteen subspecies N. v. aestuarina N. v. aniakensis N. v. energumenos N. v. evagor N. v. evergladensis N. v. ingens N. v. lacustris N. v. letifera N. v. lowii N. v. lutensis N. v. melampeplus N. v. mink N. v. nesolestes N. v. vison N. v. vulgivaga	North America (United States and Canada); introduced to Europe, Japan, Chile and Argentina	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

Extinct species

Image	Scientific name	Common name	Distribution
	Neogale macrodon(Prentiss, 1903)	Sea mink	Maritime Provinces in Canada, New England in the United States; now extinct

References

1. Patterson, Bruce D.; Ramírez-Chaves, Héctor E.; Vilela, Júlio F.; Soares, André E. R.; Grewe, Felix (2021). "On the nomenclature of the American clade of weasels (Carnivora: Mustelidae)". Journal of Animal Diversity. 3 (2): 1–8. doi: 10.52547/JAD.2021.3.2.1 . ISSN   2676-685X. S2CID   236299740.
2. Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Deere, K.A.; Slater, G.J.; Begg, C.; Begg, K.; Grassman, L.; Lucherini, M.; Veron, G.; Wayne, R.K. (February 2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biology. 6: 10. doi: 10.1186/1741-7007-6-10 . PMC   2276185 . PMID   18275614.
3. Law, C. J.; Slater, G. J.; Mehta, R. S. (2018-01-01). "Lineage Diversity and Size Disparity in Musteloidea: Testing Patterns of Adaptive Radiation Using Molecular and Fossil-Based Methods". Systematic Biology. 67 (1): 127–144. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syx047 . PMID   28472434.
4. "Neogale". ASM Mammal Diversity Database. American Society of Mammalogists . Retrieved 2021-07-01.
5. Nyakatura, K.; Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P. (2012). "Updating the evolutionary history of Carnivora (Mammalia): a new species-level supertree complete with divergence time estimates". BMC Biology. 10 (#12): 12. doi: 10.1186/1741-7007-10-12 . PMC   3307490 . PMID   22369503.