List of mammals of Portugal

Last updated

This list shows the IUCN Red List status of the 93 mammal species occurring in Portugal. One of them is critically endangered, three are endangered, eleven are vulnerable, and one is near threatened. The following tags are used to highlight each species' status as assessed on the respective IUCN Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

Contents

EXExtinctNo reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EWExtinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CRCritically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
ENEndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VUVulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NTNear threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LCLeast concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DDData deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Garden dormouse closeup Gartenschlaefer.jpg
Garden dormouse closeup
Water vole Water.vole.arp.jpg
Water vole
Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus (Sardinia).jpg
Wood mouse

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing.

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 1a.JPG
European rabbit

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

West European hedgehog Igel01.jpg
West European hedgehog

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

Lesser white-toothed shrew Gartenspitzmaus.jpg
Lesser white-toothed shrew
Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex minutus-1.jpg
Eurasian pygmy shrew
Pyrenean desman Galemys pyrenaicus 01 by-dpc.jpg
Pyrenean desman

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

Bechstein's bat Vespertilion bechstein.jpg
Bechstein's bat
Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus.jpg
Serotine bat
Lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri.jpg
Lesser noctule

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

Rough-toothed dolphin Rough toothed dolphin.jpg
Rough-toothed dolphin
White-beaked dolphin White beaked dolphin.jpg
White-beaked dolphin
False killer whale False killer whale 890002.jpg
False killer whale

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

European wildcat Wildkatze 002.jpg
European wildcat
Iberian wolf Canis Lupus Signatus.JPG
Iberian wolf
European otter Fischotter, Lutra Lutra.JPG
European otter
Mediterranean monk seal Billy monk seal 2.jpg
Mediterranean monk seal

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Red deer RedDeerCaithness.jpg
Red deer
Roe deer Capreolus capreolus 2 Jojo.jpg
Roe deer

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Locally extinct

Iberian brown bear Cantabrian brown bear.jpg
Iberian brown bear

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

See also

References

  1. ↑ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
  2. ↑ Bertolino, S.; Amori, G.; Henttonen, H.; Zagorodnyuk, I.; Zima, J.; Juškaitis, R.; Meinig, H. & Kryštufek, B. (2008). "Eliomys quercinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T7618A12835766.
  3. ↑ Rigaux, P.; Vaslin, M.; Noblet, J. F.; Amori, G. & Muñoz, L. J. P. (2008). "Arvicola sapidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T2150A9290712.
  4. ↑ Batsaikhan, N.; Henttonen, H.; Meinig, H.; Shenbrot, G.; Bukhnikashvili, A.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Arvicola amphibius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2149A115060819.
  5. ↑ Fernandes, M.; Pita, R. & Mira, A. (2019). "Microtus cabrerae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T13418A90931498.
  6. ↑ Kryštufek, B.; Palomo, L.J.; Hutterer, R.; Mitsain, G. & Yigit, N. (2015). "Rattus rattus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T19360A115148682.
  7. ↑ Villafuerte, R.; Delibes-Mateos, M. (2019). "Oryctolagus cuniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41291A45189779.
  8. ↑ Soriguer, R. & Carro, F. (2019). "Lepus granatensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41306A2953195. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41306A2953195.en .
  9. ↑ Amori, G. (2016). "Erinaceus europaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29650A2791303. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T29650A2791303.en .
  10. ↑ Hutterer, R.; Amori, G.; Krystufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.& Palomo, L.J. (2010). "Crocidura suaveolens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T29656A9511068.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ Fernandes, M.; Herrero, J.; Aulagnier, S. & Amori, G. (2008). "Galemys pyrenaicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T8826A12934876.
  12. ↑ Paunović, M. (2019). "Myotis bechsteinii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T14123A22053752.
  13. ↑ Coroiu, I.; Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis myotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14133A22051759.
  14. ↑ Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S. (2020). "daubentonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85342710A22054773.
  15. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis emarginatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14129A22051191.
  16. ↑ Ibáñez, C. & Juste, J. (2017). "Myotis escalerai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T85733126A85733299.
  17. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
  18. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
  19. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
  20. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Alcaldé, J. T.; Juste, J.; Karataş, A.; Palmeirim, J. & Paunović, M. (2010). "Nyctalus lasiopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T14918A4471682.
  21. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
  22. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Plecotus auritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85535522A195861341.
  23. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2021) [errata version of 2020 assessment]. "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T81633057A19585652.
  24. ↑ Benda, P. & Piraccini, R. (2016). "Tadarida teniotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T21311A22114995.
  25. ↑ Juste, J. & Alcaldé, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus euryale". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19516A21971185.
  26. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  27. ↑ Taylor, P. (2016). "Rhinolophus hipposideros". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19518A21972794.
  28. ↑ Alcaldé, J.; Benda, P. & Juste, J. (2016). "Rhinolophus mehelyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19519A21974380.
  29. ↑ Taylor, B.L.; Baird, R.; Barlow, J.; Dawson, S.M.; Ford, J.K.B.; Mead, J.G.; Notarbartolo di Sciara, G.; Wade, P. & Pitman, R.L. (2012). "Kogia breviceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2012: e.T11047A17692192. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012.RLTS.T11047A17692192.en .
  30. ↑ Gerngross, P.; Ambarli, H.; Angelici, F.M.; Anile, S.; Campbell, R.; Ferreras de Andres, P.; Gil-Sanchez, J.M.; Götz, M.; Jerosch, S.; Mengüllüoglu, D.; Monterosso, P. & Zlatanova, D. (2022). "Felis silvestris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T181049859A181050999. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T181049859A181050999.en . Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  31. ↑ Rodríguez, A. & Calzada, J. (2015). "Lynx pardinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12520A50655794.
  32. ↑ Gaubert, P.; Carvalho, F.; Camps, D. & Do Linh San, E. (2015). "Genetta genetta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T41698A45218636.
  33. ↑ Do Linh San, E.; Maddock, A.H.; Gaubert, P. & Palomares, F. (2016). "Herpestes ichneumon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41613A45207211.
  34. ↑ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
  35. ↑ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
  36. ↑ Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P. & Zemanová, B. (2015). "Lutra lutra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12419A21935287.
  37. ↑ Abramov, A.V.; Kranz, A.; Herrero, J.; Krantz, A.; Choudhury, A. & Maran, T. (2016). "Martes foina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29672A45202514.
  38. ↑ Herrero, J.; Kranz, A.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Maran, T. & Monakhov, V.G. (2016). "Martes martes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T12848A45199169.
  39. ↑ Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J. & Maran, T. (2016). "Meles meles". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29673A45203002.
  40. ↑ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. & Kranz, A. (2016). "Mustela erminea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T29674A45203335.
  41. ↑ McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Kryštufek, B. & Reid, F. (2019). "Mustela nivalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T70207409A147993366.
  42. ↑ Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A.V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Stubbe, M.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J.D.S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R. & Ruette, S. (2016). "Mustela putorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41658A45214384.
  43. ↑ Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M. & Schipper, J. (2016). "Neovison vison". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41661A45214988.
  44. ↑ Kovacs, K. (2016). "Cystophora cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T6204A45225150.
  45. ↑ Karamanlidis, A. & Dendrinos, P. (2015). "Monachus monachus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T13653A45227543.
  46. ↑ Lovari, S.; Lorenzini, R.; Masseti, M.; Pereladova, O.; Carden, R.F.; Brook, S.M. & Mattioli, S. (2018). "Cervus elaphus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T55997072A142404453.
  47. ↑ Masseti, M. & Mertzanidou, D. (2008). "Dama dama". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T42188A10656554.
  48. ↑ Lovari, S.; Herrero, J.; Masseti, M.; Ambarli, H.; Lorenzini, R. & Giannatos, G. (2016). "Capreolus capreolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T42395A22161386.
  49. ↑ Keuling, O. & Leus, K. (2019). "Sus scrofa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41775A44141833.
  50. ↑ McLellan, B. N.; Proctor, M. F.; Huber, D. & Michel, S. (2017). "Ursus arctos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T41688A121229971.
  51. ↑ Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14920A22015682.
  52. ↑ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
  53. ↑ Nores, Carlos; Muñiz, Arturo Morales; Rodríguez, Laura Llorente; Bennett, E. Andrew; Geigl, Eva-María (2015). "The Iberian zebro: What kind of a beast was it?". Anthropozoologica. 50: 21–32. doi:10.5252/az2015n1a2. S2CID   55004515.
  54. ↑ Pascual Barea, J. (2017). Equiferus hispanus o cebro ibérico: el caballo salvaje de la Península Ibérica desde la Antigüedad a época Moderna.
  55. ↑ Pascual Barea, J. (2021). Equiferi y aquifolia: Cebros y acebos en la toponimia de la península ibérica.
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