List of mammals of China

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The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is the national animal of China Giant Panda Washington DC.JPG
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is the national animal of China

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in China. There are 495 mammal species in China, of which thirteen are critically endangered, twenty-four are endangered, forty-seven are vulnerable, and seven are near threatened. One of the species listed for China can no longer be found in the wild. [1]

Contents

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

EXExtinctNo reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EWExtinct in the wildKnown only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CRCritically endangeredThe species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
ENEndangeredThe species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VUVulnerableThe species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NTNear threatenedThe species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LCLeast concernThere are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DDData deficientThere is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

LR/cdLower risk/conservation dependentSpecies which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/ntLower risk/near threatenedSpecies which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lcLower risk/least concernSpecies for which there are no identifiable risks.

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

Dugongs Dugong.jpg
Dugongs

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)

Asian elephant Asian elephant - melbourne zoo.jpg
Asian elephant

The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

Order: Scandentia (treeshrews)

The treeshrews are small mammals native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. Although called treeshrews, they are not true shrews and are not all arboreal.

Order: Primates

Francois' langur Trachypithecus francoisi 3398.jpg
Francois' langur

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Indian porcupine Hystrix.leucura.jpg
Indian porcupine
Northern birch mouse Pallas Sicista betulina 1778-79.png
Northern birch mouse
Bank vole Rotelmaus I.jpg
Bank vole
Mongolian gerbil Gerbil.jpg
Mongolian gerbil
Striped field mouse D3 Apodemus Agrarius.jpg
Striped field mouse
Brown rat Rattus norvegicus 1.jpg
Brown rat

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (99 lb).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

Northern pika Ochotona hyperborea yesoensis detail.jpg
Northern pika
Mountain hare Mountain Hare Scotland.jpg
Mountain hare

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Order: Eulipotyphla (hedgehogs, gymnures, shrews, moles, and solenodons)

Long-eared hedgehog Long Eared hedgehog.jpg
Long-eared hedgehog
Asian house shrew Suncus murinus.jpg
Asian house shrew
White-tailed mole Parascaptor leucura 32423682.jpg
White-tailed mole

Eulipotyphla comprises the hedgehogs and gymnures (family Erinaceidae, formerly also the order Erinaceomorpha), solenodons (family Solenodontidae), the desmans, moles, and shrew-like moles (family Talpidae) and true shrews (family Soricidae).

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

Daubenton's bat Wasserfledermaus-drawing.jpg
Daubenton's bat
Serotine bat Eptesicus serotinus.jpg
Serotine bat
Lesser noctule Nyctalus leisleri.jpg
Lesser noctule

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)

Sunda pangolin Pangolin borneo.jpg
Sunda pangolin

The order Pholidota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

Chinese white dolphin in Hong Kong Chinese white dolphin.jpg
Chinese white dolphin in Hong Kong
Harbour porpoise Porpoise touching.jpg
Harbour porpoise
Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps.jpg
Pygmy sperm whale
Pantropical spotted dolphin Schlankdelfin.jpg
Pantropical spotted dolphin

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata.jpg
Marbled cat
Leopard cat Bengalkatze.jpg
Leopard cat
Clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa.jpg
Clouded leopard
Tiger Panthera tigris.jpg
Tiger
Dhole Cuon alpinus (Dhole).jpg
Dhole
Corsac fox Korsak.jpg
Corsac fox
Asiatic black bear Kragenbar.jpg
Asiatic black bear
Back-striped weasel Mustela strigidorsa.gif
Back-striped weasel
Beech marten Steinmarder.JPG
Beech marten
Bearded seal Bearded Seal.jpg
Bearded seal

Carnivorans include over 260 species, the majority of which primarily eat meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

Kiang Equus hemonius kiang.jpg
Kiang

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

Siberian musk deer Moschustier.jpg
Siberian musk deer
Thorold's deer Cervus albirostris male.jpg
Thorold's deer
Hairy-fronted muntjac 2011 Muntjak-4.jpg
Hairy-fronted muntjac
Saiga antelope Saiga.jpg
Saiga antelope
Gaur Gaur bandipur.jpg
Gaur
Takin Budorcas taxicolor01.jpg
Takin

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
  2. ↑ Marsh, H. & Sobtzick, S. (2019). "Dugong dugon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T6909A160756767.
  3. ↑ Williams, C.; Tiwari, S.K.; Goswami, V.R.; de Silva, S.; Easa, P.S.; Kumar, A.; Baskaran, N.; Yoganand, K. & Menon, V. (2020). "Elephas maximus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T7140A45818198.
  4. ↑ Han, K. H.; Duckworth, J. W. & Molur, S. (2016). "Tupaia belangeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41492A22280884.
  5. ↑ Nekaris, K.A.I.; Al-Razi, H.; Blair, M.; Das, J.; Ni, Q.; Samun, E.; Streicher, U.; Xue-long, J. & Yongcheng, L. (2020). "Nycticebus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T39758A17970536.
  6. ↑ Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Nijman, Vincent (2022-03-23). "A new genus name for pygmy lorises, Xanthonycticebus gen. nov. (Mammalia, primates)". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 98 (1): 87–92. doi: 10.3897/zse.98.81942 . ISSN   1860-0743. S2CID   247649999.
  7. ↑ Blair, M.; Nadler, T.; Ni, O.; Samun, E.; Streicher, U. & Nekaris, K.A.I. (2020). "Nycticebus pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T14941A17971417.
  8. ↑ Chetry, D.; Long, Y.; Htun, S.; Timmins, R.J.; Boonratana, R. & Das, J. (2020). "Macaca arctoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12548A17949098.
  9. ↑ Boonratana, R.; Chalise, M.; Htun, S. & Timmins, R. J. (2020). "Macaca assamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T12549A17950189.
  10. ↑ Timmins, R. J.; Richardson, M.; Chhangani, A. & Yongcheng, L. (2008). "Macaca mulatta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T12554A3356486.
  11. ↑ Kumar, A.; Yongzu, Z. & Molur, S. (2008). "Semnopithecus schistaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T39840A10275563.
  12. ↑ Brockelman, W.; Molur, S.; Geissmann, T. (2019). "Hoolock hoolock". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T39876A17968083. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  13. ↑ Brockelman, W; Geissmann, T. (2019). "Hoolock leuconedys". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T118355453A17968300. Retrieved 26 July 2020.
  14. ↑ Fan, P.F.; Turvey, S.T. & Bryant, J.V. (2020). "Hoolock tianxing". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T118355648A166597159.
  15. ↑ Brockelman, W. & Geissmann, T. (2020). "Hylobates lar". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10548A17967253.
  16. ↑ Geissmann, T.; Bleisch, W. (2020). "Nomascus hainanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T41643A17969392. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
  17. ↑ Lunde, D.; Aplin, K. & Molur, S. (2016). "Hystrix brachyura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T10749A11509929.
  18. ↑ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Palomo, L. J. (2016). "Hystrix indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T10751A115099509.
  19. ↑ Batbold, J.; Batsaikhan, N.; Shar, S.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G.; Palomo, L. (2016). "Castor fiber". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T4007A115067136.
  20. ↑ Amori, G.; Hutterer, R.; Kryštufek, B.; Yigit, N.; Mitsain, G. & Muñoz, L. J. P. (2010). "Sciurus vulgaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T20025A9136220.
  21. ↑ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus oiostolus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41283A45188432.
  22. ↑ Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus tibetanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41307A45193298. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41307A45193298.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  23. ↑ Smith, A.T. & Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus timidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T11791A45177198.
  24. ↑ Smith, A.T.; Johnston, C.H. (2019). "Lepus tolai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T41308A45193447.
  25. ↑ Hutterer, R.; Molur, S. & Heaney, L. (2016). "Suncus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41440A22287830.
  26. ↑ Csorba, G.; Bumrungsri, S.; Bates, P.; Gumal, M.; Kingston, T.; Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C. (2019). "Cynopterus brachyotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T6103A22113381.
  27. ↑ Molur, S.; Srinivasulu, C.; Bates, P.; Francis, C. (2008). "Pteropus giganteus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T18725A8511108. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18725A8511108.en . Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  28. ↑ Bumrungsri, S.; Suyanto, A. & Francis, C. (2008). "Pteropus lylei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T18734A8513517. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18734A8513517.en .
  29. ↑ P. Bates; C. Francis; M. Gumal; S. Bumrungsri; J. Walston; L. Heaney & T. Mildenstein (2008). "Pteropus vampyrus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2008: e.T18766A8593657. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18766A8593657.en .
  30. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis blythii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14124A22053297.
  31. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Myotis dasycneme". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14127A22055164.
  32. ↑ Kruskop, S.V.; Godlevska, L.; Bücs, S.; Çoraman, E. & Gazaryan, S. (2020). "daubentonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85342710A22054773.
  33. ↑ Huang, J.C.-C.; Csorba, G.; Chang, H.-C & Ho, Y.-Y. (2020). "Myotis formosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85736120A95642290.
  34. ↑ Coroiu, I. (2016). "Myotis mystacinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14134A22052250.
  35. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Kruskop, S.V. & Godlevska, L. (2020). "Myotis nattereri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T85733032A22052584.
  36. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Barbastella barbastellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T2553A22029285.
  37. ↑ Hutson, A. M.; Spitzenberger, F.; Juste, J.; Aulagnier, S.; Palmeirim, J.; Paunovic, M. & Karatas, A. (2010). "Hypsugo savii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010: e.T44856A10955205.
  38. ↑ Jiang, T.L. & Feng, J. (2020). "Ia io". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T10755A21993508.
  39. ↑ Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Nyctalus leisleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14919A22016159.
  40. ↑ Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M. (2016). "Nyctalus noctula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14920A22015682.
  41. ↑ Gazaryan, S.; Bücs, S. & Çoraman, E. (2020). "Miniopterus schreibersii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T81633057A151216401.
  42. ↑ Piraccini, R. (2016). "Rhinolophus ferrumequinum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T19517A21973253.
  43. ↑ Challender, D.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Panjang, E.; Lim, N.; Nash, H.; Heinrich, S. & Chong, J. (2019). "Manis javanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T12763A123584856.
  44. ↑ Challender, D.; Wu, S.; Kaspal, P.; Khatiwada, A.; Ghose, A.; Ching-Min Su, N. & Laxmi Suwal, T. (2019). "Manis pentadactyla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T12764A123585318.
  45. ↑ McCarthy, J.; Dahal, S.; Dhendup, T.; Gray, T.N.E.; Mukherjee, S.; Rahman, H.; Riordan, P.; Boontua, N. & Wilcox, D. (2015). "Catopuma temminckii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T4038A97165437.
  46. ↑ Riordan, P.; Sanderson, J.; Bao, W.; Abdukadir, A. & Shi, K. (2015). "Felis bieti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T8539A50651398.
  47. ↑ Gray, T.N.E.; Timmins, R.J.; Jathana, D.; Duckworth, J.W.; Baral, H. & Mukherjee, S. (2016). "Felis chaus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T8540A50651463.
  48. ↑ Breitenmoser, U.; Breitenmoser-Würsten, C.; Lanz, T.; von Arx, M.; Antonevich, A.; Bao, W. & Avgan, B. (2015). "Lynx lynx". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12519A121707666.
  49. ↑ Ross, S.; Barashkova, A.; Dhendup, T.; Munkhtsog, B.; Smelansky, I.; Barclay, D. & Moqanaki, E. (2020). "Otocolobus manul". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T15640A162537635.
  50. ↑ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Datta, A.; Hearn, A.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A.; Singh, P.; Wilting, A. (2016). "Pardofelis marmorata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T16218A97164299.
  51. ↑ Ross, J.; Brodie, J.; Cheyne, S.; Hearn, A.; Izawa, M.; Loken, B.; Lynam, A.; McCarthy, J.; Mukherjee, S.; Phan, C.; Rasphone, A. & Wilting, A. (2015). "Prionailurus bengalensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T18146A50661611.
  52. ↑ Grassman, L.; Lynam, A.; Mohamad, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Borah, J.; Willcox, D.; Ghimirey, Y.; Reza, A. & Rahman, H. (2016). "Neofelis nebulosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14519A97215090.
  53. 1 2 3 Stein, A.B.; Athreya, V.; Gerngross, P.; Balme, G.; Henschel, P.; Karanth, U.; Miquelle, D.; Rostro-Garcia, S.; Kamler, J. F.; Laguardia, A.; Khorozyan, I. & Ghoddousi, A. (2019). "Panthera pardus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T15954A160698029.
  54. 1 2 3 Goodrich, J.; Lynam, A.; Miquelle, D.; Wibisono, H.; Kawanishi, K.; Pattanavibool, A.; Htun, S.; Tempa, T.; Karki, J.; Jhala, Y. & Karanth, U. (2015). "Panthera tigris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T15955A50659951.
  55. ↑ McCarthy, T.; Mallon, D.; Jackson, R.; Zahler, P. & McCarthy, K. (2017). "Panthera uncia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T22732A50664030.
  56. ↑ Willcox, D.H.A.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Cheyne, S.; Semiadi, G.; Rahman, H.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Jennings, A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Ross, J.; Fredriksson, G.; Tilker, A. (2016). "Arctictis binturong". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41690A45217088.
  57. ↑ Willcox, D.H.A.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Hearn, A. & Ross, J. (2016). "Arctogalidia trivirgata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41691A45217378.
  58. ↑ Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Mathai, J.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Ghimirey, Y.; Chan, B. & Ross, J. (2016). "Paguma larvata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41692A45217601.
  59. ↑ Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Mudappa, D.; Rahman, H.; Widmann, P.; Wilting, A. & Xu, W. (2016). "Paradoxurus hermaphroditus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41693A45217835.
  60. ↑ Timmins, R.J.; Coudrat, C.N.Z.; Duckworth, J.W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Robichaud, W.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Long, B. & Roberton, S. (2016). "Chrotogale owstoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T4806A45196929.
  61. ↑ Duckworth, J.W.; Lau, M.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Timmins, R.J.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Chan, B.; Long, B. & Roberton, S. (2016). "Prionodon pardicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41706A45219917.
  62. ↑ Timmins, R.; Duckworth, J.W.; WWF-Malaysia; Roberton, S.; Gray, T.N.E.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Chutipong, W. & Long, B. (2016). "Viverra megaspila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41707A45220097.
  63. ↑ Duckworth, J.W.; Mathai, J.; Wilting, A.; Holden, J.; Hearn, A. & Ross, J. (2016). "Viverra tangalunga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41708A45220284.
  64. ↑ Timmins, R.J.; Duckworth, J.W.; Chutipong, W.; Ghimirey, Y.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Rahman, H.; Long, B. & Choudhury, A. (2016). "Viverra zibetha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T41709A45220429.
  65. ↑ Choudhury, A.; Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Willcox, D.H.A.; Rahman, H.; Ghimirey, Y. & Mudappa, D. (2015). "Viverricula indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T41710A45220632.
  66. ↑ Jennings, A. & Veron, G. (2016). "Herpestes auropunctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T70204120A70204139.
  67. ↑ Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R.; Willcox, D. H. A. & Ario, A. (2016). "Herpestes javanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T70203940A45207619.
  68. ↑ Choudhury, A.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Mudappa, D. & Willcox, D. H. A. (2015). "Herpestes urva". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T41618A86159618.
  69. ↑ Glatston, A.; Wei, F.; Than Zaw & Sherpa, A. (2015). "Ailurus fulgens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T714A110023718.
  70. ↑ Boitani, L.; Phillips, M. & Jhala, Y. (2018). "Canis lupus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T3746A119623865.
  71. ↑ Kamler, J. F.; Songsasen, N.; Jenks, K.; Srivathsa, A.; Sheng, L. & Kunkel, K. (2015). "Cuon alpinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T5953A72477893.
  72. ↑ Kauhala, K. & Saeki, M. (2016). "Nyctereutes procyonoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T14925A85658776.
  73. ↑ Murdoch, J.D. (2014). "Vulpes corsac". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T23051A59049446.
  74. ↑ Harris, R. (2014). "Vulpes ferrilata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2014: e.T23061A46179412.
  75. ↑ Hoffmann, M. & Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2016). "Vulpes vulpes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T23062A46190249.
  76. ↑ Wright, L.; de Silva, P.; Chan, B. & Reza Lubis, I. (2015). "Aonyx cinereus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T44166A21939068. Retrieved 29 October 2018.
  77. ↑ Duckworth, J.W.; Timmins, R.J.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T.N.E.; Long, B.; Helgen, K; Rahman, H.; Choudhury, A. & Willcox, D.H.A. (2016). "Arctonyx collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T70205537A45209459.
  78. ↑ Helgen, K. & Chan, B. (2016). "Arctonyx albogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T70206273A70206436.
  79. ↑ Abramov, A.V. (2016). "Gulo gulo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T9561A45198537.
  80. ↑ de Silva, P.; Khan, W.A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Reza Lubis, I.; Feeroz, M. M. & Al-Sheikhly, O.F. (2015). "Lutrogale perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T12427A21934884.
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References

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