List of metonyms

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The following is a list of common metonyms. ^{[n 1]} A metonym is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. For instance, "Westminster", a borough of London in the United Kingdom, could be used as a metonym for the country's government.

Objects

Word or phrase	Original / literal use	Metonymic use
bar	The bar in a courtroom that separates judges and lawyers from laypeople	All the lawyers licensed to practise law in a certain court or jurisdiction [1]
bed	Furniture used for sleeping or reclining	Sexual relations between individuals [2]
bench	The location in a courtroom where a judge sits when presiding over a court	All the judges of a court or jurisdiction; members of a judiciary; the presiding officer (judge) in a court [3]
boots on the ground	Footwear worn by soldiers	Combat troops deployed in a geographic area (as opposed to those awaiting deployment and/or in aircraft or ships offshore) [4]
box office	A place where tickets are sold, in this example, for movies.	A term to describe how well a film is doing. "The film is a hit at the box office."[ citation needed ]
brass	A metal alloy (used for or in the manufacture of e.g. buttons, insignia and a family of musical instruments)	Military and police officers, [5] often also referring to managers/bosses outside the uniformed[ citation needed ]
bullpen	The area of a baseball field used by relief pitchers to warm up for a game	A baseball team's roster of relief pitchers [6]
cap	White silk hats given to players each time they played for the England national football team	A player's appearance in a game at the international level [7]
china	The country China	Chinese porcelain or other types of ceramic [5]
city hall	A city's chief administrative building	Local government or, more pejoratively, government in general [3]
corner office	An office on a building corner with more windows	Corporate leadership, [8] or the Governor of Massachusetts (see below) [9]
crown / Crown	A type of monarchical headwear	Monarchy, especially the British monarchy (as "The Crown") [10]
dish	An item used for serving food	A course of a meal, or the foundation of a course (usually the main course) [11]
gun	A firearm	An assassin, mercenary or soldier (as in "hired gun") [12]
lead	A heavy metal used to manufacture ammunition	Bullets [13]
mortal	Subject to death	Human [14]
pink slip	A discharge notice (historically, a pink coloured slip of paper in an employee's pay envelope)	A layoff or termination of employment [15]
press	A machine used to print newspapers	Journalists, reporters, or others who write or announce the news
record label	The circular label in the center of a vinyl record displaying the manufacturer's name	A music company involved in producing, marketing, and distributing music recordings and music videos [16]
red tape	Tape that is coloured red	An over-bureaucratic process [17]
shovels in the ground	Digging in the soil using a variety of tools or machines	Commencement of a construction project – usually one that is major or infrastructural [18]
slate	a writing tablet made of slate	a written record of a debt, particularly in a small shop or public house [19]
suits	Business attire (plural)	Business executives and lawyers [12]
sweat	Perspiration	Hard (physical) work [20]
tongue	Oral muscle	A language or dialect [21]

Places

Africa

Word or phrase	Original / literal use	Metonymic use
Ikulu	The official residence of the president of Tanzania	The State House and its administration [22]

Asia

Word or phrase	Original / literal use	Metonymic use
10, Janpath	The home of Sonia Gandhi	The Nehru–Gandhi family, as the traditional leadership of the Indian National Congress
Bangalore	A city in Southern India	The Indian technology industry [23]
Beijing	The capital of China	The Chinese government, particularly the leadership [24]
Fukushima	A city in Japan	The 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami and subsequent Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster [25]
Hiroshima and Nagasaki	Two cities in southwestern Japan	The atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the Allied forces in August 1945 [25]
Malacañang	Official Residence of the President of the Philippines	The Philippine Government, particularly the President, the Cabinet and his advisers, and the officials under Office of the President of the Philippines.
Raisina Hill	A Hill in Lutyens' Delhi, New Delhi	The seat of the Government of India [26]
Zhongnanhai	A former imperial garden adjacent to an eponymous lake in central Beijing, now used as residences	The leadership of the Chinese government [27]
Zion	A mountain located in Israel	The city of Jerusalem or the people associated with it [28]

Europe

Word or phrase	Original / literal use	Metonymic use
10 Downing Street ("Number 10")	The official residence of the prime minister of the United Kingdom [n 2]	The prime minister and his/her staff, [29] often meaning more broadly the UK Government
Brussels	The capital of Belgium	The government of the European Union [30]
Buckingham Palace or the Palace	A large building in London that is the official residence of the reigning British sovereign	The British royal family and its staff [31]
The City	The City of London, the part of Central London, England, that has the longest continuous recorded history	The financial (and related) institutions in the United Kingdom [32]
Davos	A town in Switzerland	The World Economic Forum [33]
Fleet Street	A street in the City of London	The British national press [34]
The Hague	A city in the Netherlands	The International Criminal Court or International Court of Justice, both of which have their seat in the city [35] [36]
Hillsborough	Hillsborough an area of Sheffield, United Kingdom and location of Hillsborough Stadium.	The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 where 97 Liverpool F.C. fans died in a human crush. Also used as a word for police corruption and cover-up. [37]
Holyrood	An area in Edinburgh	The Scottish Parliament, which is located in that area, or more generally the Scottish Government [38]
Horse Guards	A cavalry barracks at Whitehall, London	Commander-in-chief of the British army and his staff before 1857 [39]
Hrad ("The Castle")	The Prague Castle and official residence and office of the president of the Czech Republic	The president of the Czech Republic and his or her staff, and also the Czech Republic as a whole [40]
Kastilja or Castile	Auberge de Castille, an 18th-century auberge in the Maltese capital Valletta	The Office of the Prime Minister of Malta [41]
The Kremlin	A historic type of Russian fortress or citadel	The Moscow Kremlin and/or the Russian presidential administration; historically, any Russian or Soviet government (e.g. Kremlinology) [42]
M25	A motorway circling the London conurbation	London, or the Greater London urban area, though the two boundaries do not precisely coincide [43] [44]
North of Watford	Watford Gap, a low point in a hill range used as a divide between North and South England	The North of England [45]
Quai d'Orsay	A wharf and adjoining street in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France	The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development, which is located at 37 Quai d'Orsay [46]
Savile Row	A short street in central London	The high-quality bespoke men's suits made by tailors' shops on the street [47]
Scotland Yard	The original public entrance (via "Great Scotland Yard") to the headquarters of the London Metropolitan Police Service	London or British police, especially detectives [48]
Stormont	An estate in County Down, east of Belfast	The Northern Ireland Assembly [49]
Sublime Porte	A gate giving access to a block of government buildings in Istanbul, Turkey	The Imperial Government of the Ottoman Empire (sometimes, more specifically, its foreign policies and relations) [50]
Tamminiemi	A villa in Helsinki and a former official residence of the president of Finland	Historically the president of Finland, mostly associated with Urho Kekkonen [51]
Threadneedle Street	A street in the City of London	The Bank of England and/or its directors [52]
The Vatican	A small sovereign state located in Rome, Italy	The Holy See, and the Roman Catholic Church in general [53]
Westminster	A part of Central London, England	The Parliament of the United Kingdom [54]
Whitehall	A street in the City of Westminster borough of London	The Civil Service of the United Kingdom, or more generally the Government of the United Kingdom; the term is often used in a similar context to "Westminster" (above) [54] [55]

North America

Word or phrase	Original / literal use	Metonymic use
Armonk	Armonk, New York, where the headquarters of IBM is located	IBM [56]
Bay Street	A street in downtown Toronto	The Canadian financial sector, since the Toronto Stock Exchange, and the headquarters of the five major Canadian banks, are located there [57]
Beacon Hill	A neighborhood in Boston	The state government of Massachusetts [58] [ verification needed ]
Beverly Hills	Beverly Hills, California, a rich enclave of Los Angeles	Rich and famous people [59]
Broadway	A street in Manhattan, New York City	Broadway theatre; sometimes, although less accurately, commercial American theatre in general [5]
Capitol Hill or the Hill	A neighborhood in Washington, D.C.	The United States Congress [60]
Cooperstown	A village in upstate New York	The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, located in Cooperstown, New York [61]
Columbine	An unincorporated community in Colorado	The Columbine High School massacre, or school shootings generally
Corner office	An office on a building corner with more windows	Corporate leadership (see above) [8] or the office of the Governor of Massachusetts in the Massachusetts State House [9]
Cupertino	A city in California	Apple Inc., whose headquarters are located there [62] [ better source needed ]
Detroit	The largest city in Michigan	The American automobile industry [63]
Fifth Avenue	A street in Manhattan, New York City	The upscale retailers that are generally located along it [64]
The fifth floor	The floor of a building above the fourth floor	The Mayor of Chicago and his or her staff, since their offices are on that floor of city hall [65]
Foggy Bottom	A neighborhood in Washington, D.C.	The United States Department of State [66]
Hollywood	A district of Los Angeles, California	The American film industry [5]
Houston	A city in Texas	NASA's Johnson Space Center, its Mission Control Center within, or NASA in general (from the call sign used by astronauts to contact Mission Control) [67]
K Street	A street in downtown Washington, D.C.	The American lobbying industry [68]
Langley	A small suburb of Washington, D.C., in Virginia	The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency [69]
Madison Avenue	A street in Manhattan, New York City	The American advertising industry [5]
Main Street	Shopping street of a town, traditionally the site of shops, banks, and local businesses	Local businesses or the "middle class" generally [70] [71]
Menlo Park	A city in California	Facebook (now Meta), whose headquarters are located there [72] [ better source needed ]
Mountain View	A city in California	Google, whose headquarters are located there [73] [74] [75] [ better source needed ]
Nashville	The capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee	The country music industry [5]
Ottawa	The capital of Canada	The Government of Canada [ citation needed ]
Pearl Harbor	The natural harbor on the coast of Oahu island, Hawaii	The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on 7 December 1941 [5]
Redmond	A town near Seattle, Washington	Microsoft, whose headquarters are located there [56] [76]
The Pentagon	A pentagonal building in Arlington County, Virginia	The United States Department of Defense (whose headquarters is housed by the Pentagon building) [77]
Queen's Park	An urban park in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada	The Ontario Legislative Building (which is located within the park) and/or the provincial government of Ontario [78]
Sand Hill Road	A street in Menlo Park, California	The venture capital firms that fund startups in the American high-tech industry [79]
Sandy Hook	An elementary school in Newtown, Connecticut	The mass shooting at the school on 14 December 2012 [80]
Selma	Selma, Alabama	The U.S. civil rights movement or backlash against the movement [81]
Seventh Avenue	A street in Manhattan, New York City	The American fashion industry [82]
Silicon Valley	San Jose and its suburbs on the southwest side of San Francisco Bay	The American high-tech industry [83]
Tin Pan Alley	A block along 28th Street in Manhattan	The American popular music industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries [84]
Wall Street	A street in Manhattan, New York City	The American financial markets [5] or "big business" more generally [70]
Washington	Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States	The federal government of the United States [1]
Watergate	The Watergate Hotel and Office Building in Washington, D.C.	The political scandal exposed after a burglary at the Watergate Hotel [5]
The White House	The official residence of the president of the United States	The Executive Office of the President of the United States (the president of the United States and staff) [1]

South America

Word or phrase	Original / literal use	Metonymic use
Itamaraty	Itamaraty Palace in Brasília, former headquarters of the Ministry of External Relations of Brazil.	The Brazilian ministry of Foreign Affairs and its diplomats [85]
Jonestown	A remote settlement established by the Peoples Temple cult in northwestern Guyana	The massacre which occurred on 18 November 1978 in which 918 people died [86]

Oceania

Word or phrase	Original / literal use	Metonymic use
The Beehive	The headquarters of the government of New Zealand	The Government of New Zealand [87]
Canberra	The capital of Australia	The Government of Australia [88]
Macquarie Street	The central business district of the capital of New South Wales	The Government of New South Wales [89]
Spring Street	The central business district of the capital of Victoria	The Government of Victoria [90]

Numbers

Word or phrase	Original / literal use	Metonymic use
9/11	The date September 11 (in American date format)	The September 11 attacks [80]

Notes

1. Since metonymy – the process by which metonyms are formed – is a productive process, new metonyms can always be created. This list cannot include all metonyms, but only some of those that are identified as common.
2. Technically, 10 Downing Street is the official residence of the First Lord of the Treasury, not the prime minister. However, the two offices have been held by the same person since the early 20th century.

References

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