List of proclamations by Donald Trump

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A presidential proclamation is a statement issued by a president on a matter of public policy issued under specific authority granted to the president by Congress and typically on a matter of widespread interest. [1] An administrative order (i.e., findings, letters, orders) can be issued. [2]

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Administrative orders are published in the Federal Register in forms other than those of executive orders, or proclamations, have been denominated as administrative orders when reproduced in CFR Title 3 compilations. [2] A research guide by the National Archives defined administrative orders as "unnumbered signed documents through which the President of the United States conducts the administrative operations of the Federal Government" which "include but are not limited to memoranda, notices, determinations, letters, and messages." [3]

A presidential notice or a presidential sequestration order can also be issued. [4] [5] The newest executive power, national security presidential memoranda, 2 operate like executive orders, but are only in the area of national security. They date back to President Harry S. Truman and have been called many different names. 1 [6]

Executive orders, presidential proclamations, presidential memoranda, presidential determinations, administrative orders, presidential notices, presidential sequestration orders, and national security presidential memoranda are compiled by the Office of the Federal Register (within the National Archives and Records Administration) and are printed by the Government Printing Office. They are published daily, except on federal holidays. A free source of these documents is the Federal Register , which contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices. [7] There are no copyright restrictions on the Federal Register; as a work of the U.S. government, it is in the public domain. [8]

Donald Trump signed a total of 570 proclamations from January 2017 to January 2021.

Cumulative number of proclamations signed by Donald Trump

Presidential proclamations

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Executive order</span> Federal administrative instruction issued by the president of the United States

In the United States, an executive order is a directive by the president of the United States that manages operations of the federal government. The legal or constitutional basis for executive orders has multiple sources. Article Two of the United States Constitution gives presidents broad executive and enforcement authority to use their discretion to determine how to enforce the law or to otherwise manage the resources and staff of the executive branch. The ability to make such orders is also based on expressed or implied Acts of Congress that delegate to the president some degree of discretionary power. The vast majority of executive orders are proposed by federal agencies before being issued by the president.

Executive actions of the CIA are directives issued to the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National security directive</span> Instruction the President of the United States sends to defense and intelligence advisers

National security directives are presidential directives issued for the National Security Council (NSC). Starting with Harry Truman, every president since the founding of the National Security Council in 1947 has issued national security directives in one form or another, which have involved foreign, military and domestic policies. National security directives are generally highly classified and are available to the public only after "a great many years" have elapsed. Unlike executive orders, national security directives are usually directed only to the National Security Council and the most senior executive branch officials, and embody foreign and military policy-making guidance rather than specific instructions.

In the United States, a presidential commission is a special task force ordained by the president to complete a specific, special investigation or research. They are often quasi-judicial in nature; that is, they include public or in-camera hearings.

The powers of the president of the United States include those explicitly granted by Article II of the United States Constitution as well as those granted by Acts of Congress, implied powers, and also a great deal of soft power that is attached to the presidency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Emergencies Act</span> 1976 U.S.legislation

The National Emergencies Act (NEA) is a United States federal law passed to end all previous national emergencies and to formalize the emergency powers of the President.

A presidential memorandum is a type of directive issued by the president of the United States to manage and govern the actions, practices, and policies of the various departments and agencies found under the executive branch of the United States government. It has the force of law and is usually used to delegate tasks, direct specific government agencies to do something, or to start a regulatory process. There are three types of presidential memoranda: presidential determination or presidential finding, memorandum of disapproval, and hortatory memorandum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Executive Order 13766</span> Executive order signed by U.S. President Donald Trump

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 National Day of Patriotic Devotion</span>

National Day of Patriotic Devotion, 2017 was the first Presidential proclamation signed by President Donald Trump.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Executive Order 13780</span> 2017 executive order by U.S. President Trump placing travel restrictions on several countries

Executive Order 13780, titled Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, was an executive order signed by United States President Donald Trump on March 6, 2017. It placed limits on travel to the U.S. by nationals of several countries and barred entry for all refugees who did not possess either a visa or valid travel documents. This executive order—sometimes called "Travel Ban 2.0"—revoked and replaced Executive Order 13769 issued on January 27, 2017. Court rulings prohibited some of its key provisions from being enforced between March 15 and December 4, 2017. During its term of effect, it was revised by two presidential proclamations.

A presidential directive, or executive action, is a written or oral instruction or declaration issued by the president of the United States, which may draw upon the powers vested in the president by the U.S. Constitution, statutory law, or, in certain cases, congressional and judicial acquiescence. Such directives, which have been issued since the earliest days of the federal government, have become known by various names, and some have prescribed forms and purposes. Presidential directives remain in effect until they are revoked, which the president is free to do. The classification of presidential directives is not easily done, as the distinction between the types can be quite arbitrary, arising from convenience and bureaucratic evolution, and none are defined in the Constitution. Furthermore, the different types may overlap. As one legal scholar put it: "it is a bit misleading to overclassify presidential directives as comprising separate and distinct 'types' just because they have different headings at the top of the first page." In terms of legal applicability, what matters is the substance of the directive, not the form, unless a certain kind of directive is specifically required by relevant statute.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States</span>

Ending Discriminatory Bans on Entry to The United States was the second presidential proclamation signed by President Joe Biden on January 20, 2021. The proclamation revoked Executive Order 13780, titled Protecting the Nation from Foreign Terrorist Entry into the United States, which had been signed by U.S. President Donald Trump on March 6, 2017, and Proclamations 9645, 9723, and 9983.

References

Notes

  1. ^ National security directives are generally highly classified and are not executive orders. However, in an unprecedented move, the Trump administration ordered their national security directives to be published in the Federal Register . [9]
  2. ^ National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directives address continuity of government in the event of a "catastrophic emergency" disrupting the U.S. population, economy, environment, infrastructure and government policy.
  3. ^ United States Statutes at Large: Pub.L.   101–355 of August 10, 1990.
  4. ^ Proclamation 9645 of September 24, 2017, supplements EO 13780 of March 6, 2017.
  5. ^ On October 17, 2017, Judge Derrick Watson, of the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii issued another temporary restraining order that was asked by the state of Hawaii. Watson's decision noted that the latest ban "suffers from precisely the same maladies as its predecessor" as it "plainly discriminates based on nationality" and as such violates federal law and "the founding principles of this Nation." [10]
  6. ^ Made into effect by: Pub.L.   88–628, 78  Stat.   1003 of October 6, 1964.
  7. ^ Trump chose to observe the entire month of November to United States Veterans & their families and the traditional Veterans Day (36 U.S.C.   § 145).
  8. ^ Pub.L.   100–166, 101  Stat.   384
  9. ^ Native Americans of the group United American Indians of New England in Plymouth, Massachusetts had their 48th annual solemn National Day of Mourning observance. [11]
  10. ^ On December 6, 2017, American clothing company Patagonia, Inc. sued the United States Government and President Donald Trump for his proclamations of reducing the Bears Ears National Monument by 85% and almost 50% of Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument. The company believes that a million acres of land is at risk for permanent destruction. Patagonia is suing over the Property Clause of the U.S. Constitution in where it vests Congress with the power to manage federal lands. The company's CEO Rose Marcario contends that when Congress passed the Antiquities Act of 1906 (Pub.L.   59–209, 34  Stat.   225, 54 U.S.C.   §§ 320301–320303), "Congress delegated a limited amount of power to the President — specifically, the authority to create national monuments protecting certain federal land. But it did not give the President the power to undo a prior president's monument designations. It kept that power for itself." [12]

Citations

  1. ↑ Hartman, Gary R. (2004). Landmark Supreme Court cases : the most influential decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Facts on File. p. 545. ISBN   9781438110363.
  2. 1 2 Relyea 2008, p. 4.
  3. ↑ "Presidential Documents Guide". National Archives and Records Administration . Washington, D.C.: United States Government. August 15, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
  4. ↑ Relyea, Harold C. (February 10, 2003). "Presidential Directives: Background and Overview" (PDF). Congressional Research Service . Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress . Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  5. ↑ Johnson, Paul M. "Sequestration". Department of Political Science. Auburn, Alabama: Auburn University . Retrieved May 29, 2017.
  6. ↑ Korte, Gregory (October 12, 2017). "The executive action toolbox: How presidents use proclamations, executive orders and memoranda". USA Today . McLean, Virginia: Gannett Company . Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  7. ↑ 44 U.S.C.   § 1505
  8. ↑ 1 CFR 2.6 ; "Any person may reproduce or republish, without restriction, any material appearing in any regular or special edition of the Federal Register."
  9. ↑ Aftergood, Steven (July 5, 2017). "Still No Classified Trump Presidential Directives". Federation of American Scientists . Washington, D.C.: Blogger . Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  10. ↑ Zapotosky, Matt (October 17, 2017). "Federal judge blocks Trump's third travel ban". The Washington Post . Washington, D.C.: Nash Holdings LLC . Retrieved October 19, 2017.
  11. ↑ "Native Americans marking Thanksgiving with day of mourning". Fox News . New York City: Fox Entertainment Group. Associated Press. November 24, 2017. Retrieved November 26, 2017.
  12. ↑ Marcario, Rose (December 6, 2017). "Patagonia CEO: This Is Why We're Suing President Trump". Time . New York City: Time Inc. Retrieved December 7, 2017.

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