Make love, not war

Last updated
People protesting against the Iraq War, 2008 Make love, not war (March 2008).jpg
People protesting against the Iraq War, 2008

"Make love, not war" is an anti-war slogan commonly associated with the American counterculture of the 1960s. It was used primarily by those who were opposed to the Vietnam War, but has been invoked in other anti-war contexts since, around the world. [1] [2] The "Make love" part of the slogan often referred to the practice of free love that was growing among the American youth who denounced marriage as a tool for those who supported war and favored the traditional capitalist culture. [3]

Contents

Several people claimed to be the inventor of the phrase, including Gershon Legman, [4] [5] Rod McKuen, [6] radical activists Penelope and Franklin Rosemont and Tor Faegre, [7] [8] and Diane Newell Meyer, a senior at the University of Oregon in 1965, [8] but the earliest uses in print appear to have been in anti-war protests in Berkeley, California earlier in 1965 than the April and May uses cited by Penelope Rosemont and Diane Newell Meyer. Articles mentioning signs and bumper stickers with the phrase were reported in the Daily Californian in February [9] and the Oakland Tribune in March. [10] Barbara Smoker claimed to have financed the manufacture of the first "Make Love, Not War" badges. [11] This quote is also attributed to Herbert Marcuse, a German philosopher who emigrated to the United States in the thirties and was an outspoken war critic (cit. quote.org).

See also

Related Research Articles

Californication is a portmanteau of California and fornication, appearing in Time on May 6, 1966 and written about on August 21, 1972, additionally seen on bumper stickers in the U.S. states of Idaho, Washington, Colorado, Oregon, Oklahoma, and Texas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bumper sticker</span> Sticker placed on the back of a car

A bumper sticker is an adhesive label or sticker designed to be attached to the rear of a car or truck, often on the bumper. They are commonly sized at around 25.4 cm by 7.6 cm and are typically made of PVC.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Living Tribunal</span> Marvel Comics fictional character

The Living Tribunal is a cosmic entity appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Strange Tales #157 and was created by Stan Lee, Marie Severin, and Herb Trimpe.

"Question authority" is a popular slogan often used on bumper stickers, T-shirts and as graffiti. The slogan was popularized by controversial psychologist Timothy Leary, although some people have suggested that the idea behind the slogan can be traced back to the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. Benjamin Franklin is often quoted saying “It is the first responsibility of every citizen to question authority,” although the quote cannot be positively attributed to him.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gershon Legman</span> American author, forklorist and cultural critic (1917–1999)

Gershon Legman was an American cultural critic, folklorist, and author of The Rationale of the Dirty Joke (1968) and The Horn Book: Studies in Erotic Folklore and Bibliography (1964).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frigga (character)</span> Marvel Comics character

Frigga is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character appears in particular in those featuring the superhero Thor, who is Frigga's son. Based on both Frigg and Freyja of Norse mythology, she was created by writers Stan Lee and Robert Bernstein and artist Joe Sinnott, and first appeared in Journey into Mystery #92.

"It's Been a Long, Long Time" is a big band-era song that was a hit at the end of World War II, with music by Jule Styne and lyrics by Sammy Cahn.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabe Jones</span> Fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics

Gabriel "Gabe" Jones is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer-editor Stan Lee and artist and co-plotter Jack Kirby, he made his first appearance in World War II war comics series Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sebastian Stan</span> Romanian and American actor (born 1982)

Sebastian Stan is a Romanian and American actor. He gained recognition for his role as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier in the Marvel Cinematic Universe media franchise beginning with the film Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), and including the Disney+ miniseries The Falcon and the Winter Soldier (2021).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Keep Portland Weird</span> Popular slogan throughout Portland, Oregon and surrounding areas

"Keep Portland Weird" is a popular slogan that appears on bumper stickers, signs, and public buildings throughout Portland, Oregon and its surrounding metro area. It originated from the "Keep Austin Weird" slogan and was originally intended to promote local businesses, though it has since evolved into an all-encompassing slogan that secondarily promotes individuality, expressionism, local art, as well as atypical lifestyle choices and leisure activities. The slogan frequently inspires articles and debate that attempt to quantify the exact level to which Portland is considered weird, unusual or eccentric. It has been called the unofficial motto of Portland, as well as the informal mantra of the city's residents.

<i>Avengers: Endgame</i> 2019 Marvel Studios film

Avengers: Endgame is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers. Produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, it is the direct sequel to Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and the 22nd film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Directed by Anthony and Joe Russo and written by Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, the film features an ensemble cast which includes Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth, Scarlett Johansson, Jeremy Renner, Don Cheadle, Paul Rudd, Brie Larson, Karen Gillan, Danai Gurira, Benedict Wong, Jon Favreau, Bradley Cooper, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Josh Brolin. In the film, the surviving members of the Avengers and their allies attempt to reverse Thanos's actions in Infinity War which erased half of all life in the universe.

Production of <i>Avengers: Infinity War</i> and <i>Avengers: Endgame</i>

Avengers: Infinity War and Avengers: Endgame are American superhero films based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. They are the sequels to The Avengers (2012) and Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), and respectively serve as the 19th and 22nd films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Both films were directed by Anthony and Joe Russo from screenplays by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely. They feature an ensemble cast composed of many previous MCU actors, headlined by Robert Downey Jr., Chris Hemsworth, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson, Don Cheadle, Karen Gillan, Bradley Cooper, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Josh Brolin. In Infinity War, the Avengers and the Guardians of the Galaxy fail to prevent Thanos from collecting the six all-powerful Infinity Stones and he uses them to kill half of all life in the universe. In Endgame, the surviving Avengers and their allies attempt to reverse Thanos's actions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tony Stark (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</span> Character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe

Anthony Edward Stark is a fictional character primarily portrayed by Robert Downey Jr. in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise —based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name— commonly known by his alias, Iron Man. Stark is initially depicted as an industrialist, genius inventor, and former playboy who is CEO of Stark Industries. Initially the chief weapons manufacturer for the U.S. military, he has a change of heart and redirects his technical knowledge into creating mechanized suits of armor, which he uses to defend Earth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clint Barton (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</span> Character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe

Clinton Francis Barton is a fictional character portrayed by Jeremy Renner in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise—based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name—more commonly known by his alias, Hawkeye. Barton is depicted as an expert marksman, archer, and hand-to-hand combatant, with his preferred weapon being a recurve bow. Barton, an agent of S.H.I.E.L.D., is sent to kill Natasha Romanoff but decides to recruit and befriend her instead.

<i>Avengers: Endgame</i> (soundtrack) 2019 film score by Alan Silvestri

Avengers: Endgame is the film score for the Marvel Studios film Avengers: Endgame composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri. Hollywood Records released the soundtrack album digitally on April 26, 2019, with the physical formats being released on May 24, 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thanos (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</span> Character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe

Thanos is a fictional character portrayed primarily by Josh Brolin in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise, based on the Marvel Comics supervillain of the same name. He is depicted as an alien warlord from the doomed planet Titan with a universe-spanning agenda to wipe out half of all life to stabilize overpopulation and prevent what he views as life's inevitable extinction. To do this, he sets out to obtain the six Infinity Stones, cosmic gems with the power to achieve his goal. With the help of his adopted children, Thanos fights against the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, and their allies, in the Infinity War, succeeds in assembling the Stones, and disintegrates half of all life in the universe in an event that is known as the Blip. After escaping to the Garden and destroying the Stones, he is eventually killed by Thor. Five years later, an alternate version of Thanos from 2014 time travels to 2023 to battle the Avengers once again, but is killed by Tony Stark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stucky (fandom)</span> Depictions of a relationship between Captain America and the Winter Soldier

In fandom, Stucky is the pairing of Steve Rogers and James Buchanan "Bucky" Barnes, fictional characters who appear in comic books and related media produced by Marvel Comics. The pairing is a manifestation of shipping, a phenomenon in fandom wherein individuals create fan works that depict a romantic or sexual relationship between two characters whose relationship in the source material is typically neither romantic nor sexual; Stucky is an example of slash, a genre of fan works that focus on same-sex characters. In accordance with shipping naming conventions, Stucky is a portmanteau of "Steve" and "Bucky".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avengers (Marvel Cinematic Universe)</span> Superhero team in media franchise

The Avengers are a team of fictional superheroes and the protagonists of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) media franchise, based on the Marvel Comics team of the same name created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby in 1963. Founded by S.H.I.E.L.D. Director Nick Fury, the team is a United States–based organization composed primarily of superpowered and gifted individuals, described as "Earth's Mightiest Heroes", who are committed to the world's protection from a variety of threats. The Avengers are depicted as operating in the state of New York: originally from the Avengers Tower in Midtown Manhattan and subsequently in the Avengers Compound in Upstate New York. Arranged as an ensemble of core MCU characters originally consisting of Tony Stark / Iron Man, Steve Rogers / Captain America, Thor Odinson, Bruce Banner / Hulk, Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow, and Clint Barton / Hawkeye, it later expands to include 16 total members. Regarded as an important part of the franchise, they are central to the MCU's first 23 films, collectively known as the Infinity Saga. The Avengers from alternate universes were depicted in subsequent MCU properties across the Multiverse Saga, including appearances in the Disney+ animated series What If...? (2021–present) and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022). A new incarnation of the Avengers are set to return in Avengers: Doomsday (2026) and Avengers: Secret Wars (2027). Both films will be part of the MCU's Phase Six, concluding the Multiverse Saga.

References

  1. ↑ Fattig, Paul. "Make Love, Not War! coined in Ashland". Medford Mail Tribune. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
  2. ↑ Levitas, Mitchel (May 9, 1965). "Article 9 -- No Title; Vietnam Comes to Oregon U. Vietnam Comes to Oregon U." . New York Times. Archived from the original on November 29, 2021. Retrieved July 21, 2021.
  3. ↑ Emma Goldman:People & Events: Free Love Archived 2017-02-25 at the Wayback Machine PBS.org, Accessed February 3, 2014
  4. ↑ Dudar, H., "Love and death (and schmutz): G. Legman's second thoughts," Village Voice, May 1, 1984, pp. 41-43.
  5. ↑ Scott, Janny: "Gershon Legman, Anthologist of Erotic Humor, Is Dead at 81 Archived 2016-11-07 at the Wayback Machine ", The New York Times , March 14, 1999. URL last accessed May 1, 2014.
  6. ↑ McKuen, R. : Flight Plan March 14, 2005 Archived May 2, 2014, at the Wayback Machine . URL last accessed May 1, 2014.
  7. ↑ Rosemont, Penelope. Dreams and Everyday Life: A Sixties Notebook. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 2008:40-41.
  8. 1 2 "History of the Make Love Not War slogan". Creative Review. 2012-02-01. Archived from the original on 2021-02-27. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  9. ↑ "Princess Declares Official War on Pakistani Prince". Daily Californian. 16 Feb 1965. p. 6. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2023. Inspired by a sign reading 'let's make love, not war' ....
  10. ↑ Fiset, Bill (12 Mar 1965). "A Gallery of Abstracts". Oakland Tribune. p. 21. And the latest [bumper stickers] in Berkeley, protesting Viet Nam, simply say, 'Make Love--Not War.'
  11. ↑ MacKillop, I. D. (27 February 1986). The British Ethical Societies. Cambridge University Press. p. 86. ISBN   9780521266727.
  12. ↑ "We Will Rock You (London Cast Album)". www.ultimatequeen.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2021-08-19. Retrieved 2018-07-22.
  13. ↑ "'Make love, not war': Inside Stan Lee's Avengers Endgame cameo, his last in the MCU". Hindustan Times. April 27, 2019. Archived from the original on April 28, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
  14. ↑ "Avengers: Endgame Stan Lee Cameo Explained". Cosmic Book News. 6 May 2019. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.