Hydrolysis is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds. The term is used broadly for substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile.
Maltose, also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules are joined with an α(1→6) bond. Maltose is the two-unit member of the amylose homologous series, the key structural motif of starch. When beta-amylase breaks down starch, it removes two glucose units at a time, producing maltose. An example of this reaction is found in germinating seeds, which is why it was named after malt. Unlike sucrose, it is a reducing sugar.
Maltase is one type of alpha-glucosidase enzymes located in the brush border of the small intestine. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharide maltose into two simple sugars of glucose. Maltase is found in plants, bacteria, yeast, humans, and other vertebrates. It is thought to be synthesized by cells of the mucous membrane lining the intestinal wall.
β-Amylase is an enzyme with the systematic name 4-α-D-glucan maltohydrolase. It catalyses the following reaction:
Translocase is a general term for a protein that assists in moving another molecule, usually across a cell membrane. These enzymes catalyze the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes. The reaction is designated as a transfer from “side 1” to “side 2” because the designations “in” and “out”, which had previously been used, can be ambiguous. Translocases are the most common secretion system in Gram positive bacteria.
The enzyme maltose-6′-phosphate glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.122) catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
In enzymology, a maltose O-acetyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (GDP-forming) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an alpha,alpha-trehalose phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a cellobiose phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a kojibiose phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a laminaribiose phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a maltose phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a poly(glycerol-phosphate) alpha-glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a trehalose 6-phosphate phosphorylase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an UDP-glucose—hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
Bisphosphate may refer to:
Starch synthase (maltosyl-transferring) is an enzyme with systematic name alpha-maltose 1-phosphate:(1->4)-alpha-D-glucan 4-alpha-D-maltosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
