Mayoral elections in Chicago

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Chicago has held regularly-scheduled popular elections to select the city's mayor ever since it was incorporated as a city in 1837.

Contents

Chicago currently holds regularly-scheduled mayoral elections once every four years, in years prior to a presidential election.

Beginning with its 1999 mayoral election, Chicago has used a nonpartisan two-round system. Under this system, if no candidate secures an outright majority of the first-round vote a runoff will be held between the top-two finishers. No runoff is held if a candidate has secured an outright majority in the first round. Thus far, three elections (2015, 2019, 2023) have necessitated a runoff.

Up through its 1995 mayoral election, Chicago had formerly utilized partisan plurality voting.

History

Chicago was incorporated as a town in 1833. At that point it was governed by a board of trustees who were elected annually at large and elected a president from among themselves. Chicago's incorporation as a city in 1837 eliminated such a model in favor of a common council elected from wards and a separate office of mayor who was elected at large. [1]

From 1838 through 1860, mayoral elections were held on the first Tuesday of March. [2] From 1861 through 1867 they were held on the first Monday in April. [2] From 1869 through 1875 they were held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. [3] After 1876, they were held on the first Tuesday of April. [4]

An act passed on March 4, 1837, had required that voters in municipal elections would need to be residents of the wards in which they voted and must be freeholders. An act passed on March 1, 1841, removed the requirement that voters be freeholders. [3] Under the law of 1849-50 requirements were added, mandating (at the time) that voters reside in the town where they voted and must have lived in the state of Illinois for at least a year. [3]

In 1875, the election guidelines outlined in the original city charter were abandoned in favor of those outlined in the Cities and Villages Act of 1872, which changed the date of mayoral elections (mandating that they be scheduled for the last Tuesday in April of odd-numbered years). [4] Ambiguity concerning the effect this would have on the scheduling of the next election led to the April 1876 election that was later considered by the courts to be null and void. [4] [3] In addition, the mayoral term length (which up to this point had been one year) was extended by the 1872 Act to two years. Term length was subsequently further extended to four years in 1907. [5]

In time for the 1911 election the Illinois legislature passed a law which scheduled Chicago mayoral party primaries for the last Tuesday of February. [6]

On June 26, 1913, Illinois became the first state east of the Mississippi River to grant women's suffrage. [7] 1915 was the first Chicago mayoral election to be held following this change. [8]

Since 1935, elections to the Chicago City Council (which were extended to four years) have coincided with all regularly-scheduled mayoral elections. [1]

The 1995 election was the final mayoral election to be partisan. Beginning in 1999, elections have taken place on a non-partisan basis, with a system requiring that a candidate obtain a majority of the vote (if no candidate achieves this in the initial vote, a runoff is held between the top-two finishers). [6] Under this new system, the initial round of voting is held on the last Tuesday of February (when party primaries were formerly scheduled), [6] with any runoff taking place in April. [6]

Additionally, the change in election laws that took effect for the 1999 election raised the number of signatures required for candidates to be included on the ballot from 3,000 to 25,000. [9] This requirement, however, was halved to 12,500 before the 2007 election. [9]

Term length

There is not currently, nor has there ever been, a term limit on the mayoralty of Chicago. Terms were originally one year in length before being extended to two years in 1875 by the Cities and Villages Act of 1872. [4] [3] Term length was subsequently further extended to four years in 1907. [5]

YearsTerm length
1837−18751 year
1875−19072 years
1907−present4 years

Current election laws

There are no term limits for Chicago's mayoral office.

Chicago's mayoral elections are currently nonpartisan. A candidate receiving a majority of votes cast will be declared elected. If no candidate receives a majority of the vote, a runoff election will be held between the two candidates who received the highest and second highest number of votes in the first round. [10] The initial round of voting takes place on the last Tuesday of February, and any runoff takes place in April. [6]

Mayoral candidates must be a registered voter who has resided in the City of Chicago for at least one year before the date of the election. [10]

Individuals will be barred from taking office if, at the time required for them to take the oath of office, they are in arrears in the payment of tax or other indebtedness due to the City of Chicago. [10] They will also be unable to take office if they have been convicted in any United States court of any infamous crime, bribery, perjury, or other felony. [10]

A term of office lasts four years, from the third Monday in May until a successor is elected and qualified to assume office. [10]

In order to be included on the ballot candidates must submit 12,500 valid signatures. [10] Signatures cannot be collected more than four months in advance of the submission of a candidate's petition. [10] Individuals are not permitted to sign multiple candidates' petitions, they may sign only a single mayoral candidate's petition. [10] [11]

Any candidate may have their petition challenged. [10] Those candidates with properly-filed challenges against their petitions will have their candidature subjected to hearings and procedures which will to assess the validity of their petitions. [10]

If any candidate fails to file a statement of economic interests within five days of having their petition certified, then their certification will be revoked. [10]

Write-in candidates must file a notarized declaration of intent to be a write-in candidate by a deadline. [10] [12] An extended deadline to do this is allotted to candidates whose petitions were rejected after this deadline due to the outcome of a challenge. [10]

The order in which the candidates are listed on ballots is determined by the order in which their petitions were received (with those received earlier listed first and those received later being listed last). [10] Lotteries are held to resolve instances in which petitions which were received simultaneously. [10] The ballots of all candidates who were waiting in line to submit their petitions at 9:00 a.m. on the first day for petition filing will be deemed as having simultaneously filed at 9:00 a.m. They will be the first candidates listed, with a lottery being held to determine their order. [10] Similarly, all candidates that filed within the last hour of the filing deadline will be deemed to have filed simultaneously. They will be the last candidates listed, and a lottery will be held to determine their order. [10]

Candidates

Demographics

All but three of the individuals that have been elected mayor of Chicago have been Caucasian (the exceptions being African-American mayors Harold Washington, Lori Lightfoot and Brandon Johnson). Additionally, all but two of the individuals that have been elected mayor of Chicago have been male (the exceptions being Jane Byrne and Lori Lightfoot).

African American/Black candidates

Harold Washington, Lori Lightfoot, and Brandon Johnson are the only African Americans to be elected mayor, and are three of only four to have served as mayor (joined by Eugene Sawyer, who was appointed mayor following Washington's death in office)

African Americans who had unsuccessfully sought election as mayor prior to Washington's first successful campaign in 1983 include Washington himself in 1977; Dick Gregory in 1967; [13] Richard H. Newhouse Jr. and Willie Mae Reid in 1975; Andrew Pulley in 1979 and Sheila A. Jones in 1983. [14]

The 2019 election made history not just by electing Chicago's first Black woman as mayor, but by having two African American women candidates, Lori Lightfoot and Toni Preckwinkle, be the ones to advance to the runoff. Additionally, a record eleven African American candidates filed to run in the 2019 election (Conrien Hykes Clark, Dorothy Brown, Amara Enyia, La Shawn Ford, Ja'Mal Green, Neal Sales-Griffin, Lori Lightfoot, Sandra Mallory, Toni Preckwinkle, Roger L. Washington, Willie Wilson). [15] William "Dock" Walls and Troy LaRaviere had also been candidates in that election, but dropped out without officially filing petitions.

African Americans who had unsuccessfully sought election as mayor after Washington died in office and before the 2019 election include Timothy C. Evans, Sheila A. Jones [14] Eugene Sawyer, and James C. Taylor [16] [17] in 1989; James Warren in 1991: Danny K. Davis in both 1991 and 2011; Joseph E. Garner and Lawrence C. Redmond in 1995; Roland Burris in both 1995 and 2011; Bobby Rush in 1999; Paul Jakes, [18] [19] Joseph McAfee [18] [20] and Patricia McAllister [18] [21] in 2003; Dorothy Brown in 2007; William "Dock" Walls III in 2007, 2015, and 2019; Carol Moseley Braun, Patricia Van Pelt Watkins, and James Meeks in 2011; Amara Enyia and Willie Wilson in 2015.

In the 2023 Chicago mayoral election, seven of the nine candidates on the ballot are Black (with one remaining candidate being Latino and the other being White). [22]

Asian Pacific American candidates

No Asian Pacific American has either been elected or otherwise served as mayor of Chicago [23] One Asian Pacific American candidate ran in the 2019 mayoral election, (Neal Sales-Griffin [24] )

Catholic candidates

John Patrick Hopkins was the first Catholic to be elected mayor. [25] Subsequent Catholics to be elected mayor include Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne, William Emmett Dever, [26] Edward Joseph Kelly, Martin H. Kennelly, Richard J. Daley, Michael Anthony Bilandic, Jane Byrne, Richard M. Daley. Additionally, Frank J. Corr served as mayor after being elected by City Council.

Hispanic candidates

No Hispanic individual has either been elected or otherwise served as mayor of Chicago The first "hispanic" (Mexican/Native American) to run for mayor was former 25th Ward Alderman and Illinois State Representative, Attorney Juan M. Soliz. [23] [27] Several Hispanic candidates have unsuccessfully sought election as mayor in the past including William E. Rodriguez in 1911; Gery Chico and Miguel del Valle in 2011; Jesús "Chuy" García in 2015; Gery Chico, Neal Sales-Griffin, [24] [28] and Susana Mendoza in 2019.

Irish American candidates

Twelve of Chicago's mayors have been Irish Americans. [29] [30] [31] These include John Patrick Hopkins (the first to serve as mayor) [25] [30] Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne, William Emmett Dever, [26] Edward Joseph Kelly, [25] Martin H. Kennelly, [32] Richard J. Daley, and Richard M. Daley. It also includes Frank J. Corr, who was appointed acting mayor by City Council.

Jewish candidates

Rahm Emanuel is the only Jew to have been elected mayor. No Jews have otherwise served as mayor [33] Jews who had unsuccessfully sought election as mayor prior to Emanuel's first successful campaign in 2011 include William Singer in 1975 and Bernard Epton [34] in 1983.

LGBT candidates

No openly LGBT individual had previously been elected or otherwise served as mayor of Chicago before 2019. In 2019, Lori Lightfoot became the first openly lesbian mayor in Chicago history [35]

Women candidates

Jane Byrne and Lori Lightfoot are the only women to have been elected mayor of Chicago. No woman has otherwise served as Mayor of Chicago

Women who had unsuccessfully sought election as mayor prior to Byrne's successful campaign in 1979 include Grace Gray in 1935 (the first woman ever to file to run for mayor of Chicago) [36] and Willie Mae Reid in 1975

Women who have unsuccessfully sought election as mayor since Byrne won election include Byrne herself (she unsuccessfully ran in 1983, 1987, and 1991); Sheila A. Jones in 1983 and 1989; Patricia McAllister in 2003; [18] [21] Dorothy Brown in 2007; Carol Moseley Braun and Patricia Van Pelt Watkins in 2011; and Amara Enyia in 2015

Seven women had filed to be candidates in the upcoming 2019 election: Dorothy A. Brown Cook, Catherine Brown D'Tycoon, Amara Enyia, Lori Lightfoot, Sandra L. Mallory, Susana Mendoza, and Toni Preckwinkle.

Foreign-born candidates

Only two foreign-born individuals have been elected or otherwise served as mayor, Joseph Medill and Anton Cermak.[ citation needed ]

Among the notable unsuccessful mayoral contenders who were foreign born was 2015 runner-up Jesús "Chuy" García and 1899 independent candidate (and unsuccessful 1901 contender for the Democratic nomination) John Peter Altgeld.

Familial relations

Over the years there have been a number of familial relations between elected mayors, as well as between mayoral candidates.

The Daley family has had a strong presence in Chicago mayoral politics. Richard J. Daley and his son Richard M. Daley both served as mayor. Richard J. Daley's son (and Richard M. Daley's brother) William Daley unsuccessfully ran in the 2019 mayoral election, finishing third in the first round of voting.

Another father-son duo who had both occupied the mayor's office was Carter Harrison Sr. and Carter Harrison Jr.

1955 Republican nominee Robert E. Merriam was the son of 1911 Republican nominee (and unsuccessful 1919 Republican primary candidate) Charles E. Merriam. [37] [38] Both Merriams lost their elections.

1919 candidate Maclay Hoyne was the grandson of Thomas Hoyne, victor of the voided 1876 election [39]

The 1891 Chicago mayoral election saw two relatives run against each other. Republican candidate Hempstead Washburne and Citizens candidate Elmer Washburn (former Director of the United States Secret Service and former Chicago Police Chief) were both members of the Washburn family. Elmer Washburn was cousins with Hempstead Washburne's father Elihu B. Washburne. [40] Hempstead Washburne ultimately won the election, with Elmer Washburn coming in fourth-place.

Write-in candidates

While write-in candidates have been permitted, none have achieved much success in general elections. The only arguable exception to this is Thomas Hoyne, who ran a write in campaign in the disputed April 1876 election that courts ruled invalid.

Under Chicago's previous partisan election system, write-in candidates were allowed in party primaries as well as the general election. Ed Vrdolyak won the 1989 Republican primary as a write-in candidate.

Number of candidates on ballot

The following graph and table provide information regarding the number of candidates who participated in each election. The graph and table only consider candidates that were listed on the ballot/ticket (thus, write-in candidates are not counted). It also excludes any candidates for which all votes were counted as "invalid".

For partisan elections (those held up through 1995), the number of candidates represented are those on the general election ballot. For elections held under Chicago's current (nonpartisan) system (first implemented in 1999), the following graph and table represents the number of candidates in the initial round (February election).

The 2019 election saw a record 14 candidates on the ballot.

Number of candidates by election

The following graph shows the number of candidates in each election, with elections being listed chronologically.

The graph does not account for the difference in the amount of time between elections. All elections are equally spaced from the preceding and the succeeding elections regardless of the length of time that elapsed between them.

Number of candidates in Chicago mayoral elections.png
Elections by number of candidates

The following table lists the elections in which specific numbers of candidates ran.

# of
Candidates		Elections
14 2019
9 2023
8 1897
7 1901
6 1899, 1903, 1919, 2011
5 1891, 2015
4 1849, 1851, 1852, 1881, 1889, 1893 (Apr), 1905, 1907, 1915, 1977, 1991, 1995, 2003
3 1842, 1843, 1844 (Mar), 1844 (Apr), 1845, 1846, 1847, 1850, 1876 (Jul), 1879, 1885, 1887, 1895, 1911, 1923, 1927, 1935, 1939, 1975, 1979, 1983, 1987, 1989, 2007
2 1837, 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1848, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1863, 1865, 1867, 1869, 1871, 1873, 1877 1883, 1893 (Dec), 1931, 1943, 1947, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1963, 1967, 1971, 1999
0 1876 (Apr) E

Results

Nonpartisan elections (1999–present)

Starting with the 1999 election, all Chicago mayoral elections are nonpartisan. Additionally, a second-round (runoff) is held when no candidate reaches a majority in the initial vote.

Election First round Second round Sources
Winner/top finisherVotesRunner(s)-up A VotesWinnerVotesRunner-upVotes
# %# %# %# %
2023 Paul Vallas 185,74332.90 Brandon Johnson 122,09321.63 Brandon Johnson 318,00752.13 Paul Vallas 292,05547.87 [41]
Lori Lightfoot
(incumbent)		94,89016.81
Jesús "Chuy" García 77,22213.68
Willie Wilson 51,5679.13
Ja'Mal Green 12,2572.17
Kam Buckner 11,9021.96
Sophia King 7,1911.27
Roderick Sawyer 2,4400.43
2019 Lori Lightfoot 97,66717.54 Toni Preckwinkle 89,34316.04 Lori Lightfoot 386,03973.70 Toni Preckwinkle 137,76526.30 [42] [43] [44] [45]
William Daley 82,29414.78
Willie Wilson 59,07210.61
Susana Mendoza 50,3739.05
Amara Enyia 44,5898.00
Jerry Joyce40,0997.20
Gery Chico 34,5216.20
Paul Vallas 30,2365.43
2015 Rahm Emanuel
(incumbent)		218,21745.63 Jesús "Chuy" García 160,41433.55 Rahm Emanuel (incumbent)319,54355.7 Jesús "Chuy" García 253,98144.3 [46] [47]
Willie Wilson 50,96010.66
Robert Fioretti 35,3637.39
2011 Rahm Emanuel 326,33155.27 Gery Chico 141,22823.92— [48] [49]
Miguel del Valle 54,6899.26
Carol Moseley Braun 53,0628.99
2007 Richard M. Daley
(incumbent)		324,51971.05 Dorothy A. Brown 91,87820.12— [50]
William Walls40,3688.84
2003 Richard M. Daley
(incumbent)		363,55378.46Paul Jakes64,94114.02— [51]
Patricia McAllister27,3435.90
1999 Richard M. Daley
(incumbent)		428,87271.9 Bobby Rush 167,70928.1— [52]

Partisan elections (1837–1995)

Prior to the 1999 election, Chicago's mayoral elections were partisan (candidates ran on party-lines).

Parties

   Democratic    Whig    Liberty    Independent Democrat    Independent   Temperance Party   Republican    Know Nothing/American    People's    Socialist Labor/Socialist Party USA    Union   Citizens   Independent Republican   Municipal Ownership  Cook County Labor Party  People's Ownership Smash Crime Rings   Solidarity    Harold Washington

ElectionWinnerVotesRunner(s)-up A VotesSources
# %# %
1995   Richard M. Daley
(incumbent)		360,37260.12  Roland Burris 217,31536.25 [53]
1991   Richard M. Daley
(incumbent)		450,58170.64  R. Eugene Pincham 160,30225.13 [54]
1989
(special) 		  Richard M. Daley 557,14155.43  Timothy C. Evans 428,10541.11 [55]
1987   Harold Washington
(incumbent)		600,29053.77  Edward Vrdolyak 468,49341.96 [56]
1983   Harold Washington 668,17651.72  Bernard Epton 610,92647.99 [57]
1979   Jane Byrne 700,87482.05 Wallace D. Johnson137,66316.12 [58]
1977
(special) 		  Michael Bilandic
(incumbent)		490,68877.39 Dennis H. Block135,28221.34 [59]
1975   Richard J. Daley
(incumbent)		542,81777.67  John J. Hoellen Jr. 139,33519.94 [60]
1971   Richard J. Daley
(incumbent)		740,13770.08 Richard Friedman315,96929.92 [61]
1967   Richard J. Daley
(incumbent)		792,23873.04 John L. Waner272,54225.13 [62]
1963   Richard J. Daley
(incumbent)		679,49755.69  Ben Adamowski 540,70544.31 [63]
1959   Richard J. Daley
(incumbent)		778,61271.40  Timothy P. Sheehan 311,94028.60 [64]
1955   Richard J. Daley 708,66054.93  Robert E. Merriam 581,46145.07 [65]
1951   Martin H. Kennelly
(incumbent)		697,87156.14 Robert L. Hunter545,32643.86 [66]
1947   Martin H. Kennelly 919,59358.73 Russell Root646,23941.27 [66]
1943   Edward J. Kelly
(incumbent)		685,56754.54 George McKibbin571,54745.47 [67]
1939   Edward J. Kelly
(incumbent)		822,46956.12  Dwight H. Green 638,06843.54 [66]
1935   Edward J. Kelly
(incumbent)		798,15075.84 Emil C. Wetten166,57115.83 [67]
  Newton Jenkins 87,7268.34
1931   Anton Cermak 671,18958.46  William Hale Thompson
(incumbent)		476,92241.54 [68] [69]
1927   William Hale Thompson 515,71651.58  William Emmett Dever
(incumbent)		432,67843.28 [70] [71]
  John Dill Robertson 51,3475.14
1923   William E. Dever 390,41356.61  Arthur C. Lueder 258,09437.42 [72]
  William A. Cunnea 41,1865.97
1919   William Hale Thompson
(incumbent)		259,82837.61  Robert M. Sweitzer 238,20634.48 [73]
  Maclay Hoyne 110,85116.05
  John Fitzpatrick 55,9908.11
1915   William Hale Thompson 398,53858.78  Robert M. Sweitzer 251,06137.03 [74]
1911   Carter Harrison Jr. 177,99748.53  Charles Edward Merriam 160,67243.80 [75]
  William E. Rodriguez 24,8256.77
1907   Fred A. Busse 164,70249.03  Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne
(incumbent)		151,77945.18 [75]
1905   Edward Fitzsimmons Dunne 163,18949.74  John Maynard Harlan 138,54842.23 [75]
 John Collins23,0347.02
1903   Carter Harrison Jr.
(incumbent)		146,20847.22 Graeme Stewart138,64844.78 [75]
1901   Carter Harrison Jr.
(incumbent)		156,76652.69  Elbridge Hanecy 128,41343.16 [75]
1899   Carter Harrison Jr.
(incumbent)		148,49848.58  Zina R. Carter 107,43735.15 [75]
  John Peter Altgeld 47,16915.43
1897   Carter Harrison Jr. 148,85050.23  John Maynard Harlan 69,73023.53 [75]
 Nathaniel C. Sears59,54220.08
  Washington Hesing 15,4275.21
1895   George Bell Swift 143,88455.36  Frank Wenter 103,12539.68 [75]
1893
(special) 		  John Patrick Hopkins 112,95949.71  George Bell Swift (incumbent)111,66049.14 [75] [76]
1893   Carter Harrison Sr. 114,23754.03  Samuel W. Allerton 93,14844.06 [75] [77]
1891   Hempstead Washburne 46,95728.83  DeWitt Clinton Cregier
(incumbent)		46,55828.59 [75] [78]
  Carter Harrison Sr. 42,93126.36
  Elmer Washburn 24,02714.75
1889   DeWitt Clinton Cregier 57,34054.93  John A. Roche
(incumbent)		46,32844.38 [75]
1887   John A. Roche 51,24968.23 Robert S. Nelson23,49031.27 [75] [79]
1885   Carter Harrison Sr.
(incumbent)		43,35250.09 Sidney Smith42,97749.66 [75] [80]
1883   Carter Harrison Sr.
(incumbent)		41,22657.11 Eugene Cary30,96342.89 [75] [81]
1881   Carter Harrison Sr.
(incumbent)		35,66855.22 John Clark27,92543.23 [75] [82]
1879   Carter Harrison Sr. 25,68544.28  Abner Wright 20,49635.33 [75] [83] [84]
 Ernest Schmidt11,82920.39
1877   Monroe Heath
(incumbent)		30,88161.36  Perry H. Smith 19,44938.64 [75] [85]
1876
(special) 		  Monroe Heath 19,24863.90 Mark Kimball7,50924.93 [75] [86]
 J. J. McGrath3,36311.17
1876
(invalid) B 		  Thomas Hoyne 33,06497.59 [87] [88]
1873   Harvey Doolittle Colvin 28,79160.83  Lester L. Bond
(incumbent)		18,54039.17 [75] [89]
1871   Joseph Medill 16,12572.92  Charles C. P. Holden 5,98827.08 [75]
1869   Roswell B. Mason 19,82663.47  George W. Gage 11,41036.53 [90]
1867   John Blake Rice
(incumbent)		11,90459.89  Francis Cornwall Sherman 7,97140.11 [91]
1865   John Blake Rice 11,07866.42  Francis Cornwall Sherman
(incumbent)		5,60033.58 [92]
1863   Francis Cornwall Sherman 10,25250.39%  Thomas B. Bryan 10,09549.62% [93]
1862   Francis Cornwall Sherman 7,43754.32  Charles N. Holden 6,25445.68 [94]
1861   Julian S. Rumsey 8,27455.62  Thomas B. Bryan 6,60144.38 [95] [3]
1860   John Wentworth 9,99853.36  Walter S. Gurnee 8,73946.64 [96]
1859   John Charles Haines
(incumbent)		8,58752.63  Marcus D. Gilman 7,72847.37 [97]
1858   John Charles Haines 8,64253.60  Daniel Brainard 7,48146.40 [98]
1857   John Wentworth 5,93355.06 Benjamin F. Carver4,84244.94 [99]
1856   Thomas Dyer 4,71253.24  Francis Cornwall Sherman 4,13846.76 [3]
1855   Levi Boone 3,18552.87  Isaac Lawrence Milliken
(incumbent)		22,83947.13 [3]
1854   Isaac Lawrence Milliken 3,80050.79  Amos G. Throop 2,55640.21 [100]
1853   Charles McNeill Gray 3,27077.10 Josiah L. James97122.90 [101]
1852   Walter S. Gurnee
(incumbent)		1,74139.04  James Curtiss 1,29529.05 [3]
  Amos G. Throop 1,15325.85
 Peter Page2716.0
1851   Walter S. Gurnee 3,03256.66 Eli B. Williams1,09220.41 [3]
  James Curtiss
(incumbent)		1,00118.71
1850   James Curtiss 1,69745.51  Levi Boone 1,22732.90 [102]
 Lewis C. Kerchival80521.59
1849   James H. Woodworth
(incumbent)		2,66880.02 Timothy Wait39911.97 [3] [103]
 Lewis C. Kerchival2457.35
1848   James H. Woodworth 1,97159.15  James Curtiss
(incumbent)		1,36140.85 [104]
1847   James Curtiss 1,28146.77  Philo Carpenter 1,22044.54 [105]
  John H. Kinzie 2388.69
1846   John Putnam Chapin 1,10455.20 Charles Follansbee66733.35 [106]
  Philo Carpenter 22911.45
1845   Augustus Garrett 1,07250.66  John H. Kinzie 91343.15 [107]
 Henry Smith1316.19
April 1844   Alson Sherman 83750.51  Augustus Garrett
(incumbent)		69441.88 [108]
 Henry Smith1267.60
March 1844
(voided) C 		  Augustus Garrett (incumbent)80544.82 George Dole79844.43 [3]
 Henry Smith19310.75
1843   Augustus Garrett 67161.17 Thomas Church43244.31 [109]
1842   Benjamin Wright Raymond 49050.26  Augustus Garrett 43244.31 [110] [3]
 Henry Smith535.44
1841   Francis Cornwall Sherman 46052.33 Isaac R. Gavin41947.67 [111]
1840   Alexander Loyd 58257.91  Benjamin Wright Raymond
(incumbent)		42342.09 [112]
1839   Benjamin Wright Raymond 35362.48  James Curtiss 21237.52 [113] [114]
1838   Buckner Stith Morris 37754.25 William Jones31845.76 [115]
1837   William B. Ogden 47066.86  John H. Kinzie 23333.14 [116]

Party nominee vote share by election

The follow table displays the results which parties achieved for elections in which they put forth a singular nominee

Election Dem Rep Whig Liberty/
Free
Soil 		Know
Noth. 		SWP SPUSA SLP HWP Prohib./
Temper.		 SDP Winning partySources
1995 60.12%2.77%——————0.86%—— Democratic [53]
1991 67.98%3.53%———0.54%——24.18%—— [54]
1989 55.42%3.56%——————41.13%—— [55]
1987 53.76%4.29%————————— [56]
1983 51.70%48.01%————————— [57]
1979 82.05%16.12%———1.83%————— [58]
1977 77.39%21.34%———0.87%————— [59]
1975 77.69%19.93%———2.37%————— [60]
1971 70.08%29.92%————————— [61]
1967 73.04%25.13%————————— [62]
1963 55.69%44.31%————————— [64]
1959 71.40%28.60%————————— [64]
1955 54.93%45.07%————————— [65]
1951 56.14%43.87%————————— [66]
1947 58.73%41.27%————————— [66]
1943 54.54%45.47%————————— [66]
1939 56.12%43.54%————————— [66]
1935 75.84%15.83%————————— [67]
1931 58.44%41.53%————————— [68]
1927 43.28%51.58%————nil %———— Republican [70] [71]
1923 56.61%37.42%————5.97%———— Democratic [72]
1919 34.48%37.61%————3.49%0.27%——— Republican [73]
1915 37.03%58.78%————3.61%——0.59%— [74]
1911 48.53%43.81%————6.77%———— Democratic [75]
1907 45.18%49.03%————4.00%——1.79%— Republican [75]
1905 49.74%42.23%————7.02%——1.00%— Democratic [75]
1903 47.22%44.78%————3.59%0.33%—0.86%— [75]
1901 52.69%43.16%————1.78%0.23%—1.12%0.69% [75]
1899 48.58%35.15%—————0.38%—0.34%0.12% [75]
1897 50.23%20.08%—————0.42%—0.31%— [75]
1895 39.68%55.36%————————— Republican [75]
1893
(Dec) 		49.71%49.14%————————— Democratic [75] [76]
1893
(Apr) 		54.03%44.06%—————0.47%——— [75] [77]
1891 28.59%28.83%—————1.46%——— Republican [75] [78]
1889 54.93%44.38%————0.29%——0.39%— Democratic [75]
1887 —68.23%—————31.27%—0.40%— Republican [75] [79]
1885 50.09%49.66%———————0.26%— Democratic [75] [80]
1883 57.11%42.89%————————— [75] [81]
1881 55.22%43.23%—————0.37%——— [75] [82]
1879 44.28%35.33%—————20.39%——— [75] [83] [84]
1877 38.64%61.36%————————— Republican [75] [85]
1876
(Jul) 		24.93%63.90%————————— [75] [86]
1876
(Apr) B 		——————————— Independent Democrat [87]
1873 ——————————— People's Party [75] [89]
1871 27.08%—————————— Union-Fireproof [75]
1869 —36.53%————————— Citizens [90]
1867 40.11%59.89%————————— Republican [91]
1865 33.58%66.42%————————— [92]
1863 50.39%49.62%————————— Democratic [93]
1862 54.32%45.68%————————— [94]
1861 44.38%55.62%————————— Republican [95]
1860 46.64%53.36%————————— [96]
1859 47.37%52.63%————————— [97]
1858 46.40%53.60%————————— [98]
1857 44.94%55.06%————————— [99]
1856 ——————————— Pro-Nebraska Democrat [3]
1855 47.13%———52.87%—————— Know Nothing [3]
1854 59.79%————————40.21%— Democratic [100]
1853 77.10%—————————— [101]
1852 39.04%————————25.85%— [3]
1851 56.66% D —————————— [3]
1850 45.51%—————————— Democratic [102]
1849 ——————————— Independent Democrat [3] [103]
1848 40.85%—————————— [104]
1847 46.77%—8.69%44.54%——————— Democratic [105]
1846 33.35%—55.20%11.45%——————— Whig [106]
1845 50.66%—43.15%6.19%——————— Democratic [107]
1844
(Apr) 		41.88%——7.60%——————— Independent Democrat [108]
1844
(Mar) C 		44.82%—44.43%10.75%——————— Democratic [3]
1843 61.17%—34.73%4.10%———————Democratic [109]
1842 44.31%—50.26%5.43%——————— Whig [110]
1841 52.33%—47.67%———————— Democratic [111]
1840 57.91%—42.09%———————— [112]
1839 37.52%—62.48%———————— Whig [113]
1838 45.76%—54.25%———————— [115]
1837 66.86%—33.14%———————— Democratic [116]

City Council-appointed mayors

A number of individuals have been elected by a vote aldermen to fill mayoral vacancies, either as acting or interim mayor.

Lester L. Bond (1873)

On August 18, 1873 Lester L. Bond was appointed as the first "acting mayor" in the city's history. [117] [26]

Incumbent mayor Joseph Medill, per city charter, informed the council that he planned to be absent from the city for an unspecified length of time "requiring the City Council to appoint an 'Acting Mayor' to serve during my absence" [26]

The same day, the City Council held a narrow vote to appoint Bond, alderman from the Tenth Ward, to this post. [26]

Bond was sworn-in as Acting Mayor on August 22. [117]

Medill ultimately did not return until after the remainder of his term had passed, leaving Bond to serve out the rest of his term. [26]

George Bell Swift (1893)

On November 6, 1893 (less than two weeks after the assassination of Carter Harrison Sr.), George Bell Swift was voted by the City Council to serve as Mayor pro tempore (acting mayor) up until after a special election held the following month. [118]

Frank Corr (1933)

On March 14, 1933, Frank J. Corr was elected mayor pro tempore by the city council following the assassination of Anton Cermak. [119] [120] [121] Corr had been chosen by Chicago Democratic boss Patrick Nash, who believed Corr to be neither charismatic nor ambitious, and thus an ideal individual to reliably serve as a placeholder. [120]

Corr was sworn in on March 16. [119] He resigned on April 13 after serving for 29 days. [119]

Edward J. Kelly (1933)

Edward J. Kelly was elected to replace Corr. [122]

Michael Bilandic (1976)

Following the death in office of Richard J. Daley the city council voted on December 28, 1976, to appoint Michael Bilandic to serve as mayor up until a special election in 1977.

The election came after a brief power dispute. City Council President Pro-Tempure Wilson Frost had declared himself to be acting mayor following Daley's death (which would have made him the first African American to serve as the city's mayor). [123] However, City Corporation Counsel William R. Quinlan disputed this, ruling that, since the city did not have a statute specifically outlining succession, the city council would need to elect the interim mayor. [123]

The result of the City Council vote, effectively a yay or nay vote on appointing Bilandic, was as follows: [124]

In support of Bilandic: 45 (93.75%)
Rejecting Bilandic: 2 (4.17%)
Abstaining: 1 (2.08%)

Eugene Sawyer (1987)

On December 2, 1987, following the death in office of mayor Harold Washington, the Chicago City Council voted to appoint Eugene Sawyer to serve as mayor up until a special election in 1989. The vote was as follows: [125]

Eugene Sawyer: 29 (59.18%)
Timothy C. Evans: 19 (38.78%)
No Preference: 1 (2.04%)

Notes

A. ^ Only listing candidates who received a vote share of at least 5%
B. ^ April 1876 election was annulled by courts
C. ^ March 1844 election was voided by the City Council
D. ^ 1859 election featured two Democratic candidates. The listed vote share is that of the top-finisher of the two (Walter S. Gurnee)
E. ^ Since the disputed April 1876 mayoral election itself was not included on the ballot/tickets, no candidates were on the ballot. [126]

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  114. ↑ Andreas, A.T. (1884), History of Chicago: From the Earliest Period to the Present Time, vol. 1, Chicago, IL: A.T. Andreas
  115. 1 2 "RaceID=486017". Our Campaigns. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
  116. 1 2 Goodspeed, Weston A. (Feb 6, 2017). History of Cook County, Illinois – Being a General Survey of Cook County History, Including a Condensed History of Chicago and Special Account of Districts Outside the City Limits; from the Earliest Settlement to the Present Time Volume I. Jazzybee Verlag. p. 132.
  117. 1 2 "Acting Mayor Lester Legrand Bond Biography".
  118. ↑ "George Bell Swift – the man | Edgewater Historical Society". www.edgewaterhistory.org.
  119. 1 2 3 "Mayor Frank J. Corr Biography".
  120. 1 2 Frank Corr chicagopolitics.wikidot.com/frank-corr
  121. ↑ "Our Campaigns – Chicago Mayor – Acting Race – Mar 06, 1933". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  122. ↑ "Our Campaigns – Chicago Mayor – Appointment Race – Apr 07, 1933". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  123. 1 2 Harold, the People's Mayor: The Biography of Harold Washington by Dempsey Travis, Agate Publishing, Dec 12, 2017
  124. ↑ "Our Campaigns – Chicago Mayor – Appointment Race – Dec 28, 1976". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  125. ↑ "Our Campaigns – Chicago Mayor – Appointment Race – Dec 02, 1987". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  126. ↑ Pierce, Bessie Louise (2007). A History of Chicago, Volume III: The Rise of a Modern City, 1871–1893. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 345–346. ISBN   978-0226668420.
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