| Paraclostridium | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Bacillota |
| Class: | Clostridia |
| Order: | Eubacteriales |
| Family: | Peptostreptococcaceae |
| Genus: | Paraclostridium Sasi Jyothsna et al. 2016 [1] |
| Type species | |
| Paraclostridium bifermentans (Weinberg and Séguin 1918) Sasi Jyothsna et al. 2016 | |
| Species | |
| Synonyms | |
Paeniclostridium | |
Paraclostridium is a genus of Gram-positive obligately anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria.
The genus contains several species originally placed in Clostridium , which the genus name still refers to. Paeniclostridium was separately described as an independent genus in 2016 moving P. ghonii and P. sordellii from Clostridium. Based on additional research of the genomes of Peptostreptococcaceae species, Paeniclostridium was brought into synonymy with Paraclostridium. [2]
Clostridium is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive bacteria. Species of Clostridium inhabit soils and the intestinal tract of animals, including humans. This genus includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agents of botulism and tetanus. It also formerly included an important cause of diarrhea, Clostridioides difficile, which was reclassified into the Clostridioides genus in 2016.
The Clostridia are a highly polyphyletic class of Bacillota, including Clostridium and other similar genera. They are distinguished from the Bacilli by lacking aerobic respiration. They are obligate anaerobes and oxygen is toxic to them. Species of the class Clostridia are often but not always Gram-positive and have the ability to form spores. Studies show they are not a monophyletic group, and their relationships are not entirely certain. Currently, most are placed in a single order called Clostridiales, but this is not a natural group and is likely to be redefined in the future.
The Clostridiaceae are a family of the bacterial class Clostridia, and contain the genus Clostridium.
The Peptostreptococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria in the class Clostridia.
Paraclostridium bifermentans, formerly known as Clostridium bifermentans and abbreviated CLOBI, is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium.
Acetoanaerobium sticklandii is an anaerobic, motile, gram-positive bacterium. It was first isolated in 1954 from the black mud of the San Francisco Bay Area by T.C. Stadtman, who also named the species. A. sticklandii is not pathogenic in humans.
Clostridioides difficile is a bacterium known for causing serious diarrheal infections, and may also cause colon cancer. It is known also as C. difficile, or C. diff, and is a Gram-positive species of spore-forming bacteria. Clostridioides spp. are anaerobic, motile bacteria, ubiquitous in nature and especially prevalent in soil. Its vegetative cells are rod-shaped, pleomorphic, and occur in pairs or short chains. Under the microscope, they appear as long, irregular cells with a bulge at their terminal ends. Under Gram staining, C. difficile cells are Gram-positive and show optimum growth on blood agar at human body temperatures in the absence of oxygen. C. difficile is catalase- and superoxide dismutase-negative, and produces up to three types of toxins: enterotoxin A, cytotoxin B and Clostridioides difficile transferase. Under stress conditions, the bacteria produce spores that are able to tolerate extreme conditions that the active bacteria cannot tolerate.
Acetivibrio alkalicellulosi is an obligately alkaliphilic and anaerobic bacterium from the genus Acetivibrio which has been isolated from sediments of the Beloe soda lake from Buryatiya in Russia.
Enterocloster bolteae, formerly Clostridium bolteae, is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Enterocloster. E. bolteae is obligately anaerobic and capable of forming spores. The type species was isolated from a human stool sample.
Lacrimispora celerecrescens is a bacterium from the genus Lacrimispora.
Enterocloster citroniae, formerly Clostridium citroniae is a bacterium from the genus Enterocloster. The type species was isolated from a human infection in California in the United States.
Peptacetobacter hiranonis is a Gram-positive, cellulolytic and motile bacterium from the family Peptostreptococcaceae which has been isolated from human faeces in Okinawa in Japan.
Clostridioides is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes Clostridioides difficile, a human pathogen causing an infectious diarrhea.
Clostridium aceticum is a species of bacterium in the genus Clostridium. Its name comes from the acetic acid it produces. It was first described in 1981.
Paramaledivibacter is a strictly anaerobic, slightly halophilic, non-spore-forming and moderately thermophilic genus of bacteria from the family of Peptostreptococcaceae with one known species.
Wukongibacter is a Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, anaerobic and non-motile genus of bacteria from the family of Peptostreptococcaceae with one known species.
Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis is a species of bacteria in the family Peptostreptococcaceae. Clostridium caminithermale has been reclassified to Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis. Paramaledivibacter caminithermalis has been isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent from the Atlantic Ocean Ridge.
Peptoclostridium litorale, previously known as Clostridium litorale, is a bacterium belonging to the family Peptostreptococcaceae.
Terrisporobacter is a genus of Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria in the family Peptostreptococcaceae. Members of this genus were once classified as Clostridium until phylogenetic data revealed it should be a distinct genus.
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