Penile raphe

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Penile raphe
Raphe int.JPG
The course of the raphe from the scrotum to the tip of the penis
Details
Precursor Urogenital folds
Part of Penis
Identifiers
Latin raphe penis
Anatomical terminology

The penile raphe is a visible line or ridge of tissue that runs on the ventral (urethral) side of the human penis beginning from the base of the shaft and ending in the prepuce between the penile frenulum. [1] [2] The line is typically darker than the rest of the shaft skin, even though its shape and pigmentation may vary greatly among males. [1] The penile raphe is part of a broader line in the male reproductive organs, that runs from the anus through the perineum (perineal raphe) and continues to the scrotum and penis, collectively referred to as median raphe. [3] [4] The penile raphe along with the skin between it are homologous to the female labia minora. [5] [6]

The line consists of a subcutaneous fibrous plate, which may vary in prominence and thickness in various areas of the genitals. [7] In the scrotum, the line is located over the internal scrotal septum that divides the two sides of the sac and is densely occupied by nerve fibers. [8] The raphe may become more prominent and darker when the scrotal sac tightens due to contractions. Behind the scrotum, it continues as the perineal raphe. The raphe results as a manifestation of the fusion of the labioscrotal, urogenital and preputial folds during the embryonic development of the male fetus. [7]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Fahmy, Mohamed (2017). "Median Genital Raphe Anomalies". Congenital Anomalies of the Penis. pp. 103–114. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43310-3_16. ISBN   978-3-319-43309-7 via ResearchGate.
  2. Edington, G. H. (1907). "Some Malformations Of The Penis". The British Medical Journal. 2 (2438): 725–729. ISSN   0007-1447. JSTOR   20295897.
  3. Mohan, Arvind; Ashton, Laura; Dalal, Milind (2014). "Deviation of the penoscrotal median raphe: Is it a normal finding or within the spectrum of hypospadias?". Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 47 (1): 92–94. doi: 10.4103/0970-0358.129630 . ISSN   0970-0358. PMC   4075225 . PMID   24987211.
  4. Syed, M. M. Aarif; Amatya, Bibush; Sitaula, Seema (2019). "Median raphe cyst of the penis: a case report and review of the literature". Journal of Medical Case Reports. 13 (1): 214. doi: 10.1186/s13256-019-2133-5 . ISSN   1752-1947. PMC   6626626 . PMID   31301740.
  5. Hodges, Frederick Mansfield S.; Denniston, George C.; Milos, Marilyn Fayre (2007). Male and Female Circumcision: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice. Springer US. p. 10. ISBN   978-0-58539-937-9 . Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  6. Martin, Richard J.; Fanaroff, Avory A.; Walsh, Michele C. (2014). Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine E-Book: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1522. ISBN   978-0-32329-537-6 . Retrieved November 24, 2023.
  7. 1 2 Jin, Zhe Wu; Jin, Yu; Li, Xiang Wu; Murakami, Gen; Rodríguez-Vázquez, José Francisco; Wilting, Joerg (2016). "Perineal raphe with special reference to its extension to the anus: a histological study using human fetuses". Anatomy & Cell Biology. 49 (2): 116–124. doi:10.5115/acb.2016.49.2.116. ISSN   2093-3665. PMC   4927426 . PMID   27382513.
  8. Yucel, S.; Baskin, L. S. (2003). "The neuroanatomy of the human scrotum: surgical ramifications". BJU International. 91 (4): 393–397. doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.2003.04087.x. ISSN   1464-4096. PMID   12603421. S2CID   29105511.