The Cladoniaceae are a family of lichenized fungi in the order Lecanorales. It is one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi, with about 560 species distributed amongst 17 genera. The reindeer moss and cup lichens (Cladonia) belong to this family. The latter genus, which comprises about 500 species, forms a major part of the diet of large mammals in taiga and tundra ecosystems. Many Cladoniaceae lichens grow on soil, but other can use decaying wood, tree trunks, and, in a few instances, rocks as their substrate. They grow in places with high humidity, and cannot tolerate aridity.
Pilophorus is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Cladoniaceae. They are commonly known as matchstick lichens. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains 11 species.
Pilophorus acicularis, commonly known as the nail lichen or the devil's matchstick lichen, is a species of matchstick lichen in the family Cladoniaceae.
Adaina perplexus is a moth of the family Pterophoridae. It is found in the United States, including the Florida Everglades. It has also been recorded from Cuba and Trinidad.
Pilophorus cinnamopterus is a species of true bug in the Miridae family that can be found everywhere in Europe. Further East across the Palearctic it is found in Asia minor and the Caspian region then to Eastern Siberia.
Pilophorus is a genus of plant bug. It is the type genus for the Pilophorini tribe.
Bombus perplexus is a species of bumblebee known by the common name confusing bumblebee. It is native to northern North America, where it occurs across Canada and into the eastern United States.
Epicephala perplexa is a moth of the family Gracillariidae. It is found on the Ryukyu Archipelago.
Pilophorus discretus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Pilophorus furvus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America.
Pilophorus minutus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America.
Pilophorus gracilis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America.
Pilophorus juniperi is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America.
Pilophorus tibialis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Pilophorus amoenus is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America.
Atholus perplexus is a species of clown beetle in the family Histeridae. It is found in North America.
Pilophorus crassipes is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in Central America and North America.
Pilophorus clavicornis is a species of plant bug in the family Miridae. It is found in North America.
Monopeltis perplexus is a species of amphisbaenian in the family Amphisbaenidae. The species is endemic to Angola.
Polistes rubiginosus is one of two species of red paper wasp found in the eastern United States and is noted for the coarser ridges on its propodeum. It is a social wasp in the family Vespidae. Until taxonomic revision by Matthias Buck in 2012, P. rubiginosus was long known under the name P. perplexus. It occurs northernmost from Maryland, Pennsylvania to northern Ohio, south to Florida, and from there west to central Illinois, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas and Arizona.
