Plebs' League

Last updated

The Plebs' League was a British educational and political organisation which originated around a Marxist way of thinking in 1908 and was active until 1926.

Contents

History

Central to the formation of the League was Noah Ablett, a miner from the Rhondda who was at the core of a group at Ruskin College, Oxford who challenged the lecturers' opposition to Marxism. In the 1907–8 academic year, Ablett began leading unofficial classes in Marxist political economy which were attended by Ebby Edwards, among others. Ablett returned to South Wales in 1908, where he began promoting Marxist education through local branches of the Independent Labour Party. [1]

A mixture of students and former students at Ruskin founded the Plebs' League in November 1908, also launching the Plebs' Magazine. [2] In the first issue of the Plebs, dated February 1909, Ablett contributed an article on the need for Independent Working Class Education. [3] The League ran classes teaching Marxist principles and later syndicalist ideas. [4]

During 1909, student agitation for Marxism continued at Ruskin. The students were supported by the Principal, Dennis Hird, and when he was dismissed the students went on strike, refusing to attend classes. The rebels formed the Central Labour College, which worked closely with the Plebs' League. [4]

By 1910, the Plebs' League was active in South Wales, Lancashire and Scotland. Activists included A. J. Cook, William Mainwaring, Mark Starr and John Maclean. [1] [5]

The League had sympathies with De Leonism, primarily represented in Britain by the Socialist Labour Party. It later had a relationship with the Communist Party of Great Britain. [6]

The League was absorbed by the National Council of Labour Colleges the year after the 1926 United Kingdom general strike, although the Plebs' Magazine continued to appear for many years. [6]

The Plebs Textbook Committee

The Plebs' League established the Plebs Textbook Committee, which was responsible for the collective publishing of several of their books after 1921. These were attributed to "communal production" rather than individual authors. [7]

  1. Outline of psychology. London: Plebs League, 1921. Plebs Textbooks, No. 1. Drafted by Henry Lyster Jameson.
  2. Outline of modern imperialism. London: Plebs League, 1922. Plebs Textbooks No. 2. Drafted by Thomas Ashcroft. A Japanese translation by Uchida Sakur appeared in 1929. [8]
  3. Outline of economics. London: Plebs League, 1923. Plebs Textbooks No. 3. Based on a series of articles by William McLaine, entitled "Economics without Headaches."
  4. Outline of economic geography. London: Plebs League, 1924. Plebs Textbooks No. 4. Drafted by J. F. Horrabin.
  5. Outline of European history from the decay of feudalism to the present day. London: Plebs League, 1925. Plebs Textbooks No. 5. Drafted by Maurice Herbert Dobb.
  6. Outline of finance. London: N.C.L.C. Pub. Society, 1931. Plebs Textbooks No. 6. Drafted by Arthur Woodburn.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ruskin College</span> Educational institution in Oxford, England

Ruskin College, originally known as Ruskin Hall, Oxford, is a higher education institution and part of the University of West London, in Oxford, England. It is not a college of Oxford University. Named after the essayist, art and social critic John Ruskin, it specialises in providing educational opportunities for adults with few or no qualifications. Degrees taught at Ruskin were formerly awarded by the Open University. The college joined the University of West London in 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walton Newbold</span>

John Turner Walton Newbold, generally known as Walton Newbold, was the first of the four Communist Party of Great Britain members to be elected as MPs in the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">J. F. Horrabin</span>

James Francis "Frank" Horrabin was an English socialist and for some time Communist radical writer and cartoonist. For two years he was Labour Member of Parliament for Peterborough. He attempted to construct a socialist geography and was an associate of David Low and George Orwell.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thomas A. Jackson</span> British communist activist (1879–1955)

Thomas Alfred Jackson was a founding member of the Socialist Party of Great Britain and later the Communist Party of Great Britain. He was a leading communist activist and newspaper editor and worked variously as a party functionary and a freelance lecturer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dave Hill (politician)</span> British Marxist politician and academic (born 1945)

David Stanley Hill is a British Marxist politician, academic and educational activist. He is Research Professor (Emeritus) in Education at Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, England, and also visiting professor at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, and in the Social Policy Research Centre at Middlesex University, London. He was an elected Labour Party councillor for East Sussex County Council and Brighton Borough Council in the 1970s and 1980s and has been a candidate in thirteen local, national and European elections since 1972, most recently as Parliamentary Candidate in Hove and Portslade in the 2015 general election for the Trade Unionist and Socialist Coalition (TUSC). In Britain, he is currently a member of the Labour Left Alliance, the Socialist Labour Network, and the Campaign for a New Workers Party.

Noah Ablett was a Welsh trade unionist and political theorist who is most noted for contributing to 'The Miners' Next Step', a Syndicalist treatise which Ablett described as 'scientific trade unionism.

The Miners' Next Step was an economic and political pamphlet produced in 1912 calling for coal miners through their lodges, to embrace syndicalism and a new 'scientific' trade unionism. The pamphlet was written by the 'Unofficial Reform Committee' a group of syndicalist and socialists involved in the Plebs' League and the Cambrian Combine strike of 1910-11. The main author is recognised as Noah Ablett.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frank Hodges (trade unionist)</span>

Frank Hodges was an English trade union leader, who became General Secretary of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. A Member of Parliament (MP) for one year, he was Civil Lord of the Admiralty in the first Labour Government.

The Central Labour College, also known as The Labour College, was a British higher education institution supported by trade unions. It functioned from 1909 to 1929. It was established on the basis of independent working class education.

Mark Starr was a British American labor historian and pedagogue. For 25 years he was educational director of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union.

Little Moscow was a term for towns and villages in capitalist societies whose population appeared to hold extreme left-wing political values or communist views. The places so named were typically in working class areas, normally with strong trade union links to a heavy industry.

Henry Paul William Lyster Jameson was a zoologist, who studied pearl-formation. He also made contributions to speleology and encouraged the study of psychology in adult education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Winifred Horrabin</span> British socialist activist and journalist

Winifred Horrabin, née Batho, was a British socialist activist and journalist.

The National Council of Labour Colleges (NCLC) was an organisation set up in the United Kingdom to foster independent working class education.

The proletariat is the social class of wage-earners, those members of a society whose possession of significant economic value is their labour power. A member of such a class is a proletarian or a proletaire. Marxist philosophy regards the proletariat under conditions of capitalism as an exploited class⁠ forced to accept meager wages in return for operating the means of production, which belong to the class of business owners, the bourgeoisie.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Far-left politics in the United Kingdom</span>

Far-left politics in the United Kingdom have existed since at least the 1840s, with the formation of various organisations following ideologies such as Marxism, revolutionary socialism, communism, anarchism and syndicalism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Outline of Marxism</span> Overview of and topical guide to Marxism

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Marxism:

Independent working class education is an approach to education, particularly adult education, developed by labour activists, whereby the education of working-class people is seen as a specifically political process linked to other aspects of class struggle. The term, abbreviated to (IWCE), is particularly linked to the Plebs' League.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Marjory Newbold</span> Scottish socialist and communist activist and school teacher

Marjory Newbold was a leading Scottish socialist and communist, prominent in the Independent Labour Party and in the 'Red Clydeside' movement demanding reforms for the working class. Newbold organised pacifist and Marxist activism in 1917–1920s across the UK, and was one of the first British people to visit Russia after the revolution when she travelled incognito into Russia with delegates including Sylvia Pankhurst, to the Second World Congress of the Comintern.

References

  1. 1 2 Syndicalism in South Wales, Bob Pitt
  2. Proletcult, Eden Paul (1921)
  3. Biographical Dictionary of European Labor Leaders, A. T. Lane (1995), p. 3
  4. 1 2 The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. John Davies, Nigel Jenkins, Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008), p. 687 ISBN   978-0-7083-1953-6
  5. The Ruskin Debate: Their college or ours?, Socialist Worker Review 93, Duncan Hallas (1986)
  6. 1 2 Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations, Peter Barberis, John McHugh and Mike Tyldesley (2000), p. 157
  7. Koureas, Gabriel (5 July 2017). "Memory, Masculinity and National Identity in British Visual Culture, 1914?930 ": A Study of 'Unconquerable Manhood'. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-351-55855-6.
  8. "Kindai teikoku shugiron". Library of Congress. Library of Congress. Retrieved 27 October 2021.

Further reading