L'Osservatore Romano criticized recent remarks by Father Charles Coughlin's that called President Roosevelt a liar. "The Holy See wishes to respect all liberties and all conveniences", the editorial said. "It is extremely notable that an orator offends when he inveighs against persons who represent supreme social authority, with the evident danger of disturbing the respect due the authorities themselves by the people."[2]
Francisco Largo Caballero became the 66th Prime Minister of Spain. An announcement explained that "because of the length of the civil war, the government believed it advisable to resign to make way for a government embracing all parties comprising the Popular Front."[5]
The Battle of Irún ended with the Nationalist capture of the city.[5]
In Paris, 100,000 pro-Republican demonstrators held a march calling on the French government to lift its arms embargo against Spain.[6]
Beryl Markham completed the first east-to-west transatlantic solo flight by a woman. Due to bad weather eating up her fuel supply she had to make a forced landing at Baleine Cove, Nova Scotia short of her goal of New York. The plane landed in the mud and took significant damage but Markham only sustained a cut to the forehead.[8]
8 spectators were killed in the ninth annual Tourist Trophy Race in Northern Ireland when driver Jack Chambers lost control of his Riley on the wet track and crashed into the crowd. The race was never held again.[9]
This is the purported date that the famous photograph The Falling Soldier was taken by Robert Capa during the Spanish Civil War, although the authenticity of the photo has been called into question.
15 Jews were injured in anti-Jewish and anti-Socialist rioting in Warsaw, Poland. Socialists paraded in the streets demanding help for the government of Spain until they were attacked by congregation members getting out of church where special prayers had been held for Spanish Catholics.[10][11]
A revolt within the Portuguese Navy was put down. Two mutinous ships tried to steam out of Lisbon for an unknown destination until they were disabled by an artillery bombardment. 6 crew were killed and the rest were taken into custody.[15]
The 8th Nazi Party Congress opened in Nuremberg. Hitler opened the proceedings with a three-minute address proclaiming that he had "restored full arms sovereignty to the nation."[16]
Hitler gave an 8,500-word address before 800,000 Nazis on the subject of authority, which he called "the foundation of all harmony". Unlimited individual liberty, Hitler asserted, led to anarchy. Following the speech, a proclamation outlined Nazi Germany's next goal as the restoration of its pre-war colonies and rebuilding its economy through a four-year plan.[18]
Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence: The French and Syrian governments signed a treaty of alliance and friendship. The pact provided for the French mandate over Syria to end within three years and for Syria to join the League of Nations.[19]
Belgian Prime Minister Paul van Zeeland gave a radio address explaining that the world was splitting up between left-wing and right-wing extremists, and the only way to prevent a split within Belgium was to pursue a policy of complete neutrality. This speech signalled a shift in Belgian foreign policy to avoid any kind of alliances that could draw the country into a war.[22]
The excursion steamship Romance collided with the steamer New York in a fog near Boston Harbor. The Romance sank in less than twenty minutes but the New York was able to rescue all passengers and crew aboard and return to Boston Harbor despite a 12-foot hole in the bow.[24]
A massive landslide in the Himalayas wiped out seven villages and left hundreds reported dead.[20]
Nationalist artillery resumed pounding San Sebastián after a 48-hour unofficial truce.[25]
The British Trades Union Congress voted in favour of a policy of neutrality in the Spanish Civil War, due to fear that intervention in the conflict would spark a larger war in Europe.[26]
Germany launched a propaganda campaign against Czechoslovakia, accusing the country of harbouring Soviet aircraft and providing airfields to the Soviet air force.[19]
As part of ceremonies at the World Power Conference, President Roosevelt pressed a golden key in Washington, D.C. to put a small 3,500 horsepower generator into service for Boulder Dam and Boulder City, Nevada.[27]
On the final day of the Nuremberg Rally, Hitler watched a flypast of 371 aircraft and gave a final speech assailing democracy as a "channel through which bolshevism spreads poison."[31]
George McMahon, the man who aimed a revolver at King Edward VIII in July, was sentenced to 12 months hard labour for "intent to alarm the king".[20]
The German news agency published a message from Spanish Nationalist leader Miguel Cabanellas which stated: "The Spanish nation never will forget the friendship and moral support extended by Germany. Your leader and nation keep watch against bolshevism in the east. We will do the same in the west, where it is no less important in this decisive hour in European history."[32]
A dynamite blast in Havana, Cuba demolished a newspaper press and a Catholic church and killed 4 people. 20 Socialists were arrested by police that day. It was believed that the newspaper was targeted because it ran editorials supporting the Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War.[37]
The Nationalists took Maqueda after a three-day battle.[38]
The German military began its largest maneuvers since 1914.[20]
The 17th session of the League of Nations Assembly opened in Geneva.[19] The Council wrestled with the question of whether Ethiopia should be allowed to keep its seat.[39]
The League of Nations Assembly voted 39-4 to allow Ethiopia to keep its seat, meaning that Haile Selassie's government continued to be recognized by the League as the legitimate authority of the country and not Italy. The dissenting votes were cast by Hungary, Austria, Albania and Ecuador.[42]
The Republicans opened the Alberche Dam to thwart a Nationalist advance.[44]
Father Charles Coughlin increased his rhetoric against the Roosevelt Administration. Coughlin called the President "anti-God" and said he would advocate the use of bullets if an "upstart dictator" voided the ballot.[45]
The French government decided to devalue the franc by one-quarter to one-third in order to stabilize the currency.[47]
At the League of Nations, Spanish delegate Julio Álvarez del Vayo said the European non-intervention agreement amounted to "a blockade of the lawful Spanish government" and said the war would have virtually been won already if the rebels had not received foreign aid. Álvarez del Vayo said "the bloodstained soil of Spain already is the battlefield of world war", and warned that future wars would not be fought between states but between two groups of ideas, those of "democracy and oppression."[48]
Italy delivered a contingent of 13 tankettes to the Nationalists.[55]
During a speech in Syracuse, New York, President Roosevelt called communism "a false issue" in the presidential campaign and asked that "here and now we bury this red herring." Roosevelt maintained that his record showed "consistent adherence" to American democracy.[56]
1 2 3 4 5 Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p.472. ISBN978-0-582-03919-3.
↑ Cortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p.502. ISBN0-313-22054-9.
↑ Epstein, Jonathan A. (2014). Belgium's Dilemma: The Formation of the Belgian Defense Policy, 1932–1940. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV. p.177. ISBN978-90-04-26973-6.
↑ "Yankees Clinch Pennant; Whip Cleveland Twice". Chicago Daily Tribune. September 10, 1936. p.29.
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