Milan has an extensive internal transport network and is also an important transportation node in Italy, being one of the country's biggest hubs for air, rail and road networks. Internal public transport network includes the Metro, the Suburban Railway, the tram and bus network, as well as taxi, car and bike sharing services.
Early public transport service in Milan dates back to 1801, operated with horse-drawn carriages. [1] After the relocation of the capital of the Italian Kingdom to Milan in 1805, national and international transport services were inaugurated, all operated with carriages, to Vienna, Marseille and several Italian cities. [1] Transport via the Navigli canals was also an important transport mode in that period. [1]
The first bus line was opened in 1827, connecting Milan to Lodi. The first railway, to Monza, was inaugurated in 1840. [2] It is currently part of the Milan-Chiasso international railway.
The Milan Metro is a rapid transit system, running mainly underground, serving Milan and other surrounding cities. The network consists of 5 lines, identified by different colors and numbers:
| Line | Length (km) | Length (mi) | Stations |
|---|---|---|---|
 | 26.9 | 16.7 | 38 |
 | 39.4 | 24.5 | 35 |
 | 16.7 | 10.4 | 21 |
 | 15.2 | 9.4 | 21 |
 | 12.9 | 8.0 | 19 |
Milan Metro has a total length of 112 km (70 mi), serving 135 stations, making it the longest metro network in Italy. The system carries about 1.15 million passengers per day.
The suburban railway service consists of 12 lines connecting Milan to the greater metropolitan area:
 | Saronno – Milano (Passante) – Lodi |
 | Milano (Rogoredo) – Milano (Passante) – Mariano Comense |
 | Milano (Cadorna) – Saronno |
 | Milano (Cadorna) – Camnago |
 | Varese – Milano (Passante) – Treviglio |
 | Novara – Milano (Passante) – Pioltello ( – Treviglio) |
 | Milano (Garibaldi) – Monza – Molteno – Lecco |
 | Milano (Garibaldi) – Monza – Carnate – Lecco |
 | Saronno – Monza – Milano (Lambrate) – Albairate |
 | Rho – Milano (Garibaldi) – Monza – Chiasso |
 | Cormano - Cusano Milanino – Milano (Bovisa) – Melegnano |
 | Garbagnate Milanese – Milano (Passante) – Pavia |
The system was brought together from existing lines and the construction of the new Passante, an underground railway line passing through the city. The service began operation in 2004 and now comprises 124 stations. Several extensions are planned.
The Tram network comprises 17 urban lines. [3] The system is more than 170 km long and is the biggest network in Italy.
The Milan tram network dates back to 1876, when the first horse driven tram line began operation. In 1878 the first steam powered tram was launched and by 1901 all the lines were electric powered. In 1910 line numbers were first introduced. At that time the network was already consisting of 30 lines. Until 1917 the tram system was operated by several different companies, however, since that year the municipality took control over the whole network. [4]
In the 1920s the famous Class 1500 streetcars were introduced. Many of them, restored, are still in use today.
Beginning from the late 1950s and until the end of the 1970s the tram network was reduced, being replaced in some areas by the new Metro lines or by bus lines.
There are 64 bus and 4 trolleybus lines in Milan. [3] Most of the routes do not run during the night, however, bus services on demand are available in the weekend at night. [3] [5]
New night bus lines during weekends have been introduced since 24 September 2011, running from 2 am to 6 am on Fridays and Saturdays. [6] The new network was considered a success, with more than 8,000 people using the lines every weekend. [7]
| List of urban bus lines in Milan |
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| List of interurban bus lines in Milan operated by ATM Milan |
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| List of interurban bus lines in Milan operated by Autoguidovie |
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| List of interurban bus lines in Milan operated by LINE Lodi |
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| List of interurban bus lines in Milan operated by PMT Pavia Milano Trasporti |
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| List of interurban and seasonal long-distance bus lines in Milan operated by Autostradale |
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Airport Services:
Milan to Turin interurban route:
Long-distance seasonal buses:
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| List of interurban bus lines in Milan operated by STAR and STIE Lodi |
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Services by STAR Lodi:
Services by STIE:
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| List of airport bus routes in Milan operated by Locatelli - Orioshuttle |
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| List of interurban bus routes in Milan operated by Nord Est Trasporti |
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The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Milan on a weekday is 64 min. 14% of public transit riders ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 11 min, while 12% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 7.7 km, while 14% travel for over 12 km in a single direction. [10]
Milan is one of the most important hubs for the national and international rail network in Italy. Milan Central station is the second station in Italy both for size and passengers after Rome. [11] It is also the main node for high-speed rail lines in northern Italy. Milano Cadorna and Milano Porta Garibaldi stations are respectively the seventh and the eleventh busiest stations in Italy. [11] [12] Because of its position, Milan is also the main gateway for international passenger traffic to Europe. Daily international destinations include Bern, Lugano, Geneva, Zürich, Paris, Nice, Marseille, Vienna, Barcelona and Munich. [13]
Milan is also the core of Lombardy's regional train network. Regional trains were operated on two different systems by LeNord (departing from Milano Cadorna) and Trenitalia (departing from Milan Centrale and Milano Porta Garibaldi). Beginning in 2011, a new company, Trenord, operates both Trenitalia and LeNord regional trains in Lombardy.
Milan is a key node for the Italian road network, being the junction between the east-west A4 highway to Turin and Venice and the north-south A1 highway to Rome and Naples. Other important highways, such as the A7 to Genova and the A8-A9 to Switzerland, also serve the city. Highways reaching Milan are linked together by a ring road formed by the 3 tangenziali (the A50, A51 and A52) and part of the A4 highway, with a total length of over 100 km around the city.
Milan road system is characterized by a high rate of traffic congestion, due to a high level of cars per capita and a high number of commuters in the metropolitan area. Congested traffic is also responsible for the high pollution rate in the Milan area. [14] Counter measures included the partial ban of private cars inside the Milan urban area for some period, usually during Sundays. In 2008, a traffic pollution charge for vehicles entering the city, Ecopass, was introduced. [15] [16] The program resulted in a lower proportion of highly polluting vehicles on the roads in the city. However, the program progressively lost effectiveness as the city's vehicle fleet got greener. Since 16 January 2012 a new program, Area C, was introduced as a congestion charge (as opposed to the previous pollution charge), thus targeting any private vehicle entering Milan city center. [17] Although high by European standards, Milan is one of the big cities with the lowest number of motor vehicles per capita in Italy, with 543 per 1000 people in 2011, [18] reduced to around 495 per 1000 as of 2021. [19]
Several car-sharing systems are active in the city. GuidaMi, the first scheme, is managed by ATM and comprises 132 vehicles and about 5,500 registered users. [20] Car2go was activated in August 2013 [21] and has a fleet of 700 cars and more than 50,000 registered users. Other services include E-vai from Trenord, DriveNow from BMW, Twist and Enjoy from Eni. In 2015 the Chinese automaker ZD introduced its Sharen'go electric car-sharing service to Milan, making it the first city outside the company's native China where the service was available. [22]
Car sharing in Milan serves about 0.5% of the total mobility of the city, [23] and with 323,000 users, as of June 2016 it is the Italian city with the largest number of car sharing customers. [24]
The city's mostly flat topography favors cycling. The cycle routes network is still limited, but is being constantly expanded. Milan was also one of the first Italian cities to activate a bike sharing system.[ citation needed ]
Milan's airport system is the second busiest in Italy, after that of Rome. The city is served by three major airports: Malpensa Airport, the biggest in northern Italy; Linate Airport, located near the city centre and mainly used for domestic traffic; and Orio al Serio Airport, located in the neighbouring city of Bergamo, used mainly by low-cost airlines. Combined, these three airports transported a total of 43 million passengers in 2017. Milano Bresso, operated by Aero Club Milano, is a minor general aviation airport.
The three major airports are connected by bus to the city center. In addition, Malpensa has a direct rail connection to central railway stations in Milan (notably Centrale, Garibaldi and Cadorna) via the Malpensa Express service. Thanks to Metro line 4, Linate airport also gained a fixed rail connection to Milan city center and will reach the city's south-western districts once the line is finished. Orio al Serio airport will instead be connected to the nearby city of Bergamo via a railway line that is projected to be finished by 2026; from Bergamo main station, trains will be able to reach the stations of Milano Centrale in less than an hour and Milano Porta Garibaldi.
Italy has a well developed transport infrastructure. The Italian rail network is extensive, especially in the north, and it includes a high-speed rail network that joins the major cities of Italy from Naples through northern cities such as Milan and Turin. The Florence–Rome high-speed railway was the first high-speed line opened in Europe when more than half of it opened in 1977. Italy has 2,507 people and 12.46 km2 per kilometer of rail track, giving Italy the world's 13th largest rail network. The Italian rail network is operated by state-owned Ferrovie dello Stato, while the rail tracks and infrastructure are managed by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana.
The Italian railway system is one of the most important parts of the infrastructure of Italy, with a total length of 24,567 km (15,265 mi) of which active lines are 16,832 km (10,459 mi). The network has recently grown with the construction of the new high-speed rail network. Italy is a member of the International Union of Railways (UIC). The UIC Country Code for Italy is 83.
The Milan Metro is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. The network consists of five lines with a total network length of 111.8 kilometres (69.5 mi), and a total of 125 stations, mostly underground. It has a daily ridership of about 1.4 million on weekdays. The Milan Metro is the largest rapid transit system in Italy in terms of length, number of stations and ridership; and the fifth longest in the European Union and the eighth in the Europe.
The Socimi Eurotram (later sold as the Bombardier Flexity Outlook (E)) was an electric tramcar designed for the tram system of Compagnie de Transports Strasbourgeois (CTS). Initially produced by Socimi, after the company became bankrupt Eurotrams were manufactured first by ABB Group's transportation division, then by Adtranz and finally by Bombardier Transportation, who marketed the tram as part of their Flexity Outlook range.
Line 1 is the first underground rapid transit line built in Milan, Italy. It is part of the Milan Metro and it is operated by ATM. Works on the line began in 1957, and the first part was opened on 1 November 1964, running from Sesto Marelli to Lotto station. The line is also called Red Line, as it is visually identified by red signs. Due to its premiership, the line gave its red color to the Milan Metro logo.
The Malpensa Express is an airport rail service linking the city of Milan with Malpensa Airport, in the region of Lombardy, Northern Italy. Trenord operates Malpensa Express services between Malpensa Airport and both Milano Cadorna and Milano Centrale stations.
Azienda Trasporti Milanesi S.p.A. is the municipal public transport company of Milan and 46 surrounding metropolitan municipalities. It operates 5 metro lines, 17 tram lines, 122 bus lines and 4 trolleybus lines, carrying about 776 million passengers in 2018.
Line 5 is an underground rapid transit line in Milan, Italy, part of the Milan Metro. The line, also known as M5 or the Lilac Line, is 12.8-kilometre (8.0 mi) long and goes through the city from the north to the north-west. It opened in stages between 2013 and 2015.
The Italian city of Milan is one of the international tourism destinations, appearing among the forty most visited cities in the world, ranking second in Italy after Rome, fifth in Europe and sixteenth in the world. One source has 56% of international visitors to Milan are from Europe, 44% of the city's tourists are Italian, and 56% are from abroad. The most important European Union markets are the United Kingdom (16%), Germany (9%) and France (6%). Most of the visitors who come from the United States to the city go on business matters, while Chinese and Japanese tourists mainly take up the leisure segment.
Cadorna FN is an underground interchange station in Milan, Italy, serving Lines 1 and 2 of the Milan Metro. The Line 1 station was opened on 1 November 1964 as part of the inaugural section of the Metro, between Sesto Marelli and Lotto. The Line 2 station was opened on 3 March 1978 as the southern terminus of the extension from Garibaldi FS. It served as the southern terminus of Line 2 until the extension of the line to Porta Genova on 30 October 1983.
Moscova is an underground station on Line 2 of the Milan Metro. The station was opened on 3 March 1978 as part of the extension from Garibaldi FS to Cadorna. The distance from the Lanza station is 550 meters.
Garibaldi FS is a station on Lines 2 and 5 of the Milan Metro, and the Milan Passante railway. The Line 2 station was opened on 21 July 1971 as part of the extension from Centrale. It served as the western terminus until 3 March 1978, when the first trains could travel the new route to Cadorna. The Passante station was opened in 1997, and the Line 5 station in 2005.
Centrale FS is a station on Lines 2 and 3 of the Milan Metro in Milan, Italy. The Line 2 station was opened on 27 April 1970 as a one-station extension from Caiazzo. On 21 July 1971, the line was extended to Garibaldi FS. The Line 3 station was opened on 1 May 1990 as part of the inaugural section of the line between Duomo and Centrale. Initially, Duomo was connected with Centrale by shuttle service, and on 16 December 1990, with the extension of the line to Porta Romana, full-scale service started. The station remained the terminus of Line 3 until 12 May 1991, when Sondrio was opened.
The Milan tramway network is part of the public transport network of Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi (ATM).
The Milan S Lines constitute the commuter rail system serving the metropolitan area of Milan, Italy. The system comprises 12 lines serving 124 stations, for a total length of 403 km. There are 415 trains per day with a daily ridership of about 230,000.
Azienda Napoletana Mobilità SpA, more commonly known simply as ANM, is a municipally controlled public company that is the primary provider of urban public transportation in the city of Naples, Italy, and also provides a portion of the surface transit service in surrounding municipalities. In addition to a network of tram, trolleybus and motorbus routes, ANM operates the Naples Metro system and four urban funiculars. The metro system and funiculars were operated by a different company from 2001 to 2013, when they again became part of ANM.
Lampugnano is an underground station on Line 1 of the Milan Metro in Milan, Italy. The station was opened on 12 April 1980 as part of the extension from Lotto to San Leonardo. It is located on Via Giulio Natta, in the Lampugnano district, from which it takes its name. It is located near the Palasharp and the main terminal for intercity bus service.
Isola is a station on Line 5 of the Milan Metro. It takes its name from the Isola (island) district of Milan in which it is located, its name derived from the neighbourhood's position cut off from the city centre by the main railway.
The Metropolitan City of Milan is a metropolitan city in the Lombardy region of Italy. It is the second most populous metropolitan city in the nation after the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital. Its capital is the city of Milan. It replaced the province of Milan and includes the city of Milan and 132 other comuni. It was first created by the reform of local authorities and then established by the Law 56/2014. It has been operative since 1 January 2015.
Domodossola FN is a station on Line 5 of the Milan Metro which opened on 29 April 2015.
Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)  Milan Metro |
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