Yualikevirus

Yualikevirus
Virus classification
Group:	Group I (dsDNA)
Order:	Caudovirales
Family:	Siphoviridae
Subfamily:	Unassigned
Genus:	Yualikevirus
Type species
	Pseudomonas phage Yua ;

Last updated March 01, 2019

Yualikevirus is a genus of viruses in the family Siphoviridae , unassigned to a sub-family. Bacteria serve as the natural host, with transmission achieved through passive diffusion. There are currently three species in this genus, including the type species Pseudomonas phage Yua . ^[1]^[2]^[3]

A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.

Siphoviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses in the order Caudovirales. Bacteria and archaea serve as natural hosts. There are currently 313 species in this family, divided among 47 genera. The characteristic structural features of this family are a nonenveloped head and noncontractile tail.

Taxonomy

Species:

Phage phiJl001
Pseudomonas phage M6
Pseudomonas phage Yua (type species)

Structure

Yualikeviruses are nonenveloped, with a head and tail. The head is a prolate spheroid about 72 nm by 51 nm. The tail is about 145 nm long.^[1]

Viral envelope lipid bilayer of a virion that surrounds the protein capsid, and may also contain glycoproteins

Some viruses have viral envelopes covering their protective protein capsids. The envelopes are typically derived from portions of the host cell membranes, but include some viral glycoproteins. They may help viruses avoid the host immune system. Glycoproteins on the surface of the envelope serve to identify and bind to receptor sites on the host's membrane. The viral envelope then fuses with the host's membrane, allowing the capsid and viral genome to enter and infect the host.

Taxonomy	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic arrangement	Genomic segmentation
Group I > Caudovirales > Siphoviridae > Yualikevirus	Head-Tail	T=7	Non-enveloped	Linear	Monopartite

Genome

All three species have been fully sequenced. They range between 58-64k nucleotides, with 77-90 proteins. The complete genomes are available here.^[3]

Life cycle

The virus attaches to the host cell using its terminal fibers, and ejects the viral DNA into the host periplasm. The DNA genome is circularized or integrate into the host's chromosome before transcription and translation. Once the viral genes have been replicated, the new virions are assembled in the cytoplasm. Finally, the mature virions are released via lysis.^[1]

Taxonomy	Host details	Tissue tropism	Entry details	Release details	Replication site	Assembly site	Transmission
Group I > Caudovirales > Siphoviridae > Yualikevirus	Bacteria	None	Injection	Lysis	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Passive diffusion

History

According to ICTV's 2012 report, the genus was accepted under the name Yualikevirus, assigned to family Siphoviridae , order Caudovirales .^[2]

The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) authorizes and organizes the taxonomic classification of and the nomenclatures for viruses. The ICTV have developed a universal taxonomic-scheme for viruses, and means to describe, name, and classify every virus that affects living organisms. The members of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses are considered expert virologists. The ICTV was formed from and is governed by the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies. Detailed work, such as delimiting the boundaries of species within a family, typically is performed by study groups of experts in the families.

The Caudovirales are an order of viruses also known as the tailed bacteriophages. Under the Baltimore classification scheme, the Caudovirales are group I viruses as they have double stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes, which can be anywhere from 18,000 base pairs to 500,000 base pairs in length. The virus particles have a distinct shape; each virion has an icosahedral head that contains the viral genome, and is attached to a flexible tail by a connector protein. The order encompasses a wide range of viruses, many of which containing genes of similar nucleotide sequence and function. Some tailed bacteriophage genomes can vary quite significantly in nucleotide sequence, however, even among the same genus. Due to their characteristic structure and possession of potentially homologous genes, it is believed these bacteriophages possess a common origin.

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References

1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release" . Retrieved 11 March 2015.
1 2 NCBI. "Yualikevirus Complete Genomes" . Retrieved 11 March 2015.

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[ViralZone-1] 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved June 22, 2018.

[ICTV-2] 1 2 ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release" . Retrieved 11 March 2015.

[NCBI-3] 1 2 NCBI. "Yualikevirus Complete Genomes" . Retrieved 11 March 2015.