Tymoviridae

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Tymoviridae
Virus classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Alsuviricetes
Order: Tymovirales
Family:Tymoviridae
Genera
Turnip yellow mosaic virus on cabbage Turnip yellow mosaic virus 2.jpg
Turnip yellow mosaic virus on cabbage

Tymoviridae is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses in the order Tymovirales . Plants serve as natural hosts. The feamily has three genera. [1] [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

The family includes the following three genera: [2]

Proposed viruses

Virology

The virions are non-enveloped and isometric with a diameter of around 30 nm, with an icosahedral structure and a triangulation number T=3. [1]

The linear genome is between of 6–7.5 kilobases in length [1] and encodes one large open reading frame. It is capped at the 5’ terminus. The 3’ terminus may have a tRNA-like structure or a polyA tract, depending upon the species. The genome is relatively cytosine rich.[ citation needed ]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
MaculavirusIcosahedralT=3Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite
MarafivirusIcosahedralT=3Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite
TymovirusIcosahedralT=3Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning. The virus exits the host cell by monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. The virus is transmitted via a vector (insects). Transmission routes are vector and mechanical. [1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
MaculavirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: pseudococcid mealybugs; Mechanical inoculation: aphids
MarafivirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: pseudococcid mealybugs; Mechanical inoculation: aphids
TymovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical: beetles; sap

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Virus Taxonomy: 2024 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 11 March 2025.
  3. Wang L, Lv X, Zhai Y, Fu S, Wang D, Rayner S, Tang Q, Liang G (2012) Genomic characterization of a novel virus of the family tymoviridae isolated from mosquitoes. PLoS One 7(7):e39845.

Further reading