Virgaviridae

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Virgaviridae
OPSR.Virga.Fig16.png
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) diagram and electron micrograph of virions
Virus classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Kitrinoviricota
Class: Alsuviricetes
Order: Martellivirales
Family:Virgaviridae
Genera

Virgaviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. [1] [2] [3] [4] The name of the family is derived from the Latin word virga (rod), as all viruses in this family are rod-shaped. There are currently 59 species in this family, divided among seven genera. [2] [3] [5]

Contents

Structure

Viruses in Virgaviridae are non-enveloped, with rigid helical rod geometries, and helical symmetry. The diameter is around 20–25 nm, [2] [3] and virions have a central "canal." Genomes are linear, single-stranded, positive sense RNA [2] [3] with a 3'-tRNA like structure and no polyA tail. They may be in one, two, or three segments, depending on the genus. Coat proteins are about 19–24 kilodaltons.

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
TobamovirusRod-shapedHelicalNon-envelopedLinearNon-Segmented
FurovirusRod-shapedHelicalNon-envelopedLinearSegmented
PecluvirusRod-shapedHelicalNon-envelopedLinearSegmented
HordeivirusRod-shapedHelicalNon-envelopedLinearSegmented
TobravirusRod-shapedHelicalNon-envelopedLinearSegmented
PomovirusRod-shapedHelicalNon-envelopedLinearSegmented

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and suppression of termination. The virus exits the host cell by tripartite non-tubule guided viral movement, and monopartite non-tubule guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. [2] [3]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
TobamovirusPlantsNoneUnknownViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical
FurovirusPlantsNoneUnknownViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: fungus
PecluvirusPlantsNoneUnknownViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: fungus. Mechanical contact; seed
HordeivirusPlantsNoneUnknownViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical: contact; seed
TobravirusPlantsNoneUnknownViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: nematodes
PomovirusPlantsNoneUnknownViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: fungus

Taxonomy

Viruses include in the family Virgaviridae are characterized by unique alpha-like replication proteins.[ citation needed ]

The following genera are recognized:[ citation needed ]

Notes

The genus Benyvirus , although its members are rod shaped and infect plants, is not included in this family as its proteins appear to be only very distantly related, but is instead included in the family Benyviridae. [6] Another related genus is Charavirus. Viruses of this genus infect charophyte algae.

Related Research Articles

<i>Bromoviridae</i> Family of viruses

Bromoviridae is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are six genera in the family.

<i>Potyviridae</i> Family of viruses

Potyviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family has 12 genera and 235 species, three of which are unassigned to a genus.

<i>Tombusviridae</i> Family of viruses

Tombusviridae is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses. There are three subfamilies, 17 genera, and 95 species in this family. The name is derived from Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV).

<i>Tymoviridae</i> Family of viruses

Tymoviridae is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 42 species in this family, assigned to three genera, with two species unassigned to a genus.

<i>Tobamovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Tobamovirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Virgaviridae. Many plants, including tobacco, potato, tomato, and squash, serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with this genus include: necrotic lesions on leaves. The name Tobamovirus comes from the host and symptoms of the first virus discovered.

Furovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Virgaviridae. Graminae, winter wheat, wheat, triticale, oat, sorghum bicolor, and plants serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: (SBWMV): green and yellow mosaic.

Dianthovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Tombusviridae. Dianthoviruses are plant viruses. There are three species in this genus. The virus probably has a worldwide distribution, and can be transmitted via nematodes, by mechanical inoculation, by grafting of plants and by contact between infected hosts with previously uninfected host.

<i>Benyvirus</i> Genus of viruses

Benyvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Benyviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: BNYVV: rhizomania.

Hordeivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Virgaviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four species in this genus.

Pecluvirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Virgaviridae. Cereal crops and graminaceous weeds serve as natural hosts. There are two species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: (SBWMV): green and yellow mosaic. The name of the genus is derived from Peanut clump virus: Peanut clump virus, giving rise to Pecluvirus.

Pomovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Virgaviridae. Plants and dicotyledons serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: dwarfing of shoots (mop-top) and potato spraing disease. The name of the genus is derived from Potato mop-top virus, Potato mop-top virus, giving rise to Pomovirus.

Tobravirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Virgaviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: SBWMV: green and yellow mosaic.

<i>Carlavirus</i> Genus of viruses

Carlavirus, formerly known as the "Carnation latent virus group", is a genus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Betaflexiviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 53 species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms.

<i>Trichovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Trichovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Betaflexiviridae. Plants, specifically angiosperms such as pome fruits, citrus, and pear, serve as natural hosts for this plant pathogen. There are seven species in this genus.

<i>Alphaflexiviridae</i> Family of viruses in the order Tymovirales affecting plants and fungi

Alphaflexiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants and fungi serve as natural hosts. There are 65 species in this family, assigned to six genera. Diseases associated with this family include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms.

<i>Betaflexiviridae</i> Family of viruses

Betaflexiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants and fungi serve as natural hosts. There are 108 species in this family, assigned to 13 genera in two subfamilies. Diseases associated with this family include mosaic and ringspot symptoms.

Ipomovirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Potyviridae. Member viruses infect plants and are transmitted by whiteflies. The name of the genus is derived from Ipomoea – the generic name of sweet potato. There are seven species in this genus.

Macluravirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Potyviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are ten species in this genus.

Lolavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Tymovirales, in the family Alphaflexiviridae. Plants, specifically ryegrass, serve as natural hosts. There is only one species in this genus: Lolium latent virus.

Oryzavirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae and subfamily Spinareovirinae. Member viruses infect plants and are transmitted by planthoppers. Diseases associated with this genus include: rice stunting, enations on veins of leaves and leaf sheaths, ragged leaves, and flower suppression. There are two species in this genus.

References

  1. ↑ Adams, Michael J.; Adkins, Scott; Bragard, Claude; Gilmer, David; Li, Dawei; MacFarlane, Stuart A.; Wong, Sek-Man; Melcher, Ulrich; Ratti, Claudio; Ryu, Ki Hyun (1 August 2017). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Virgaviridae". Journal of General Virology. 98 (8): 1999–2000. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000884. PMC   5656781 . PMID   28786782.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "ICTV Report Virgaviridae".
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  4. ↑ Adams MJ, Antoniw JF, Kreuze J (2009) Virgaviridae: a new family of rod-shaped plant viruses. Arch Virol 154(12):1967–1972
  5. ↑ ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2015 Release" . Retrieved 4 June 2016.
  6. ↑ "ICTV Report Benyviridae".
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