Secoviridae

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Secoviridae
CowpeaMosaicVirus3D.png
Structure of the Cowpea mosaic virus based on PDB 2BFU
Virus classification Red Pencil Icon.png
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Pisuviricota
Class: Pisoniviricetes
Order: Picornavirales
Family:Secoviridae
Genera

See text

Secoviridae is a family of viruses in the order Picornavirales . Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 8 genera and 86 species in this family, one of which is unassigned to a genus. [1] [2] [3] [4] The family was created in 2009 with the grouping of families Sequiviridae, now dissolved, and Comoviridae, now subfamily Comovirinae, along with the then unassigned genera Cheravirus, Sadwavirus, and Torradovirus. [4]

Contents

Taxonomy

The family includes the following genera (-virinae denotes subfamily and -virus denotes genus): [4]

Lastly, one species is unassigned to a genus: Strawberry latent ringspot virus .

Structure

Viruses in Secoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=pseudo3 symmetry. The diameter is around 25-30 nm. Genomes are linear and segmented, bipartite, around 24-7kb in length. [1] [2] [3]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
SequivirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite
SadwavirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented
NepovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented
FabavirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented
ComovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented
CheravirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented
TorradovirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearSegmented
WaikavirusIcosahedralPseudo T=3Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical. [1] [2] [3]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
SequivirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: aphids; Mechanical inoculation: Cavariella aegopodii; Mechanical inoculation: Cavariella pastinacae
SadwavirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmNematodes; mites; thrips
NepovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmNematodes; mites; thrips
FabavirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: aphids
ComovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: beetles
CheravirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmNematodes; mites; thrips
TorradovirusPlantsNoneViral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmUnknown
WaikavirusGramineaePhloem; phloem parenchyma; bundle sheathViral movementViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical innocuation: aphids; mechanical innocuation: leafhoppers

Evolution

The subfamily Comovirinae evolved ~1,000 years ago with extant species diversifying between 50 and 250 years ago. [5] This time period coincides with the intensification of agricultural practices in industrial societies.[ citation needed ]

The mutation rate has been estimated to be 9.29×10−3 to 2.74×10−3 subs/site/year.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">RNA virus</span> Subclass of viruses

An RNA virus is a virus—other than a retrovirus—that has ribonucleic acid (RNA) as its genetic material. The nucleic acid is usually single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) but it may be double-stranded (dsRNA). Notable human diseases caused by RNA viruses include the common cold, influenza, SARS, MERS, Covid-19, Dengue Virus, hepatitis C, hepatitis E, West Nile fever, Ebola virus disease, rabies, polio, mumps, and measles.

<i>Rhabdoviridae</i> Family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales

Rhabdoviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, fungi and protozoans serve as natural hosts. Diseases associated with member viruses include rabies encephalitis caused by the rabies virus, and flu-like symptoms in humans caused by vesiculoviruses. The name is derived from Ancient Greek rhabdos, meaning rod, referring to the shape of the viral particles. The family has 40 genera, most assigned to three subfamilies.

<i>Podoviridae</i> Family of viruses

Podoviridae is a family of bacteriophage in the order Caudovirales often associated with T-7 like phages. There are 130 species in this family, assigned to 3 subfamilies and 52 genera. This family is characterized by having very short, noncontractile tails. Podoviradae are largely understudied and most new isolates are of the phicbkviruses genus, a group of giant viruses that appear to be Caulobacter specific.

<i>Closteroviridae</i> Family of viruses

Closteroviridae is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are four genera and 59 species in this family, seven of which are unassigned to a genus. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.

<i>Comovirinae</i> Subfamily of viruses

Comovirinae is a subfamily of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae; its genera were formerly classified in the family Comoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 62 species in this subfamily, assigned to 3 genera.

<i>Potyviridae</i> Family of viruses

Potyviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses that encompasses more than 30% of known plant viruses, many of which are of great agricultural significance. The family has 12 genera and 235 species, three of which are unassigned to a genus.

Sequivirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: PYFV: vein-yellowing, yellow flecks and yellow/green mosaic symptoms in parsnip, and ‘yellow net', followed by yellow spots and leaf distortion in celery.

<i>Tombusviridae</i> Family of viruses

Tombusviridae is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA plant viruses. There are three subfamilies, 17 genera, and 95 species in this family. The name is derived from Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV).

<i>Tymoviridae</i> Family of viruses

Tymoviridae is a family of single-stranded positive sense RNA viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 42 species in this family, assigned to three genera, with two species unassigned to a genus.

<i>Nepovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Nepovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae, in the subfamily Comovirinae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 40 species in this genus. Nepoviruses, unlike the other two genera in the subfamily Comovirinae, are transmitted by nematodes.

<i>Partitiviridae</i> Family of viruses

Partitiviridae is a family of double-stranded RNA viruses. Plants, fungi, and protozoa serve as natural hosts. It has been suggested that they can also infect bacteria. The name comes from the Latin partitius, which means divided, and refers to the segmented genome of partitiviruses. There are five genera and 60 species in the family, 15 of which are unassigned to a genus.

Cheravirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus.

Sadwavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are three subgenera and five species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: satsuma dwarf virus disease which causes spoon-shaped leaves on citrus tree. Symptoms are enations, multiple flushing, stunting or dwarfing, reduction in number and size of leaves and fruits. The name of this genus comes from one of its species: Satsuma dwarf virus.

<i>Alphaflexiviridae</i> Family of viruses in the order Tymovirales affecting plants and fungi

Alphaflexiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants and fungi serve as natural hosts. There are 65 species in this family, assigned to six genera. Diseases associated with this family include: mosaic and ringspot symptoms.

<i>Betaflexiviridae</i> Family of viruses

Betaflexiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Tymovirales. Plants and fungi serve as natural hosts. There are 108 species in this family, assigned to 13 genera in two subfamilies. Diseases associated with this family include mosaic and ringspot symptoms.

<i>Virgaviridae</i> Family of viruses

Virgaviridae is a family of positive-strand RNA viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. The name of the family is derived from the Latin word virga (rod), as all viruses in this family are rod-shaped. There are currently 59 species in this family, divided among seven genera.

Fabavirus is a genus of plant viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae, in the subfamily Comovirinae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are seven species in this genus.

<i>Comovirus</i> Genus of viruses

Comovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae, in the subfamily Comovirinae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are 15 species in this genus.

Torradovirus is a genus of viruses in the order Picornavirales, in the family Secoviridae. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are six species in this genus. Diseases associated with this genus include: torrado disease: severe necrosis of leaves and fruits.

<i>Nyamiviridae</i> Family of viruses

Nyamiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Ecdysozoa and birds serve as natural hosts. The name is a portmanteau of Nyamanini Pan and Midway Atoll and the suffix -viridae used to denote a virus family. There are seven genera in this family.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Thompson, JR; Dasgupta, I; Fuchs, M; Iwanami, T; Karasev, AV; Petrzik, K; Sanfaçon, H; Tzanetakis, I; van der Vlugt, R; Wetzel, T; Yoshikawa, N; ICTV Report Consortium (April 2017). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Secoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 98 (4): 529–531. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000779. PMC   5657025 . PMID   28452295.
  2. 1 2 3 "Secoviridae". ICTV Online (10th) Report.
  3. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  5. ↑ Thompson, JR; Kamath, N; Perry, KL (2014). "An evolutionary analysis of the secoviridae family of viruses". PLOS ONE. 9 (9): e106305. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9j6305T. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106305 . PMC   4152289 . PMID   25180860.
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