Malacoherpesviridae

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Malacoherpesviridae
Virus classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Peploviricota
Class: Herviviricetes
Order: Herpesvirales
Family:Malacoherpesviridae
Genera

See text

Malacoherpesviridae is a family of DNA viruses in the order Herpesvirales . Molluscs serve as natural hosts, making members of this family the only known herpesviruses to infect invertebrates. There are currently only two species recognised in this family, both classified into separate genera. Disease associated with this family includes sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles. [1] [2] [3] The family name Malacoherpesviridae is derived from Greek word 'μαλακός (malacos) meaning 'soft' and from Greek word 'μαλάκιον (malakion) meaning 'mollusc'. [3]

Contents

Taxonomy

Acute viral necrosis virus, which affects scallops such as Chlamys farreri , appears to be a variant of Ostreid herpesvirus 1. [8]

Structure

Viruses in Malacoherpesviridae are enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical to pleomorphic geometries, and T=16 symmetry. The diameter is around 150-200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 134kb in length. [1]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
AurivirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartite
OstreavirusSpherical pleomorphicT=16EnvelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. DNA templated transcription is the method of transcription. Molluscs serve as the natural host. [1] Malacoherpesviridae may have the ability to infect across species, a feature not typically observed in vertebrate herpesviruses. This ability appears to be restricted to related mollusc species. [4]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
AurivirusHaliotidae molluscsB-lymphocytesGlycoprotiensBuddingNucleusNucleusSex; saliva
OstreavirusMolluscsB-lymphocytesGlycoprotiensBuddingNucleusNucleusSex; saliva

References

This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference [4]

  1. 1 2 3 "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  2. ↑ ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release" . Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Davison AJ, Eberle R, Ehlers B, Hayward GS, McGeoch DJ, Minson AC, et al. (2008). "The order Herpesvirales". Archives of Virology. 154 (1): 171–177. doi:10.1007/s00705-008-0278-4. PMC   3552636 . PMID   19066710.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Savin KW, Cocks BG, Wong F, Sawbridge T, Cogan N, Savage D, Warner S (November 2010). "A neurotropic herpesvirus infecting the gastropod, abalone, shares ancestry with oyster herpesvirus and a herpesvirus associated with the amphioxus genome". Virology Journal. 7: 308. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-7-308 . PMC   2994540 . PMID   21062506.
  5. ↑ "History of the taxon: Species: Aurivirus haliotidmalaco1 (2023 Release, MSL #39)". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  6. ↑ "History of the taxon: Species: Ostreavirus ostreidmalaco1 (2023 Release, MSL #39)". ictv.global. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
  7. ↑ Prado-Alvarez M, García-Fernández P, Faury N, Azevedo C, Morga B, Gestal C (July 2021). "First detection of OsHV-1 in the cephalopod Octopus vulgaris. Is the octopus a dead-end for OsHV-1?". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 183 107553. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107553 . hdl: 10261/239819 . PMID   33596434.
  8. ↑ ]Ren W, Chen H, Renault T, Cai Y, Bai C, Wang C, Huang J (April 2013). "Complete genome sequence of acute viral necrosis virus associated with massive mortality outbreaks in the Chinese scallop, Chlamys farreri". Virology Journal. 10: 110. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-10-110 . PMC   3623871 . PMID   23566284.

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