 | This article relies largely or entirely on a single source .(December 2014) |
| Belarusian Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type | alphabet |
Print basis | Belarusian alphabet |
| Languages | Belarusian |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Belarusian Braille is the braille alphabet of the Belarusian language. It is based on Russian Braille, with a couple additional letters found in the print Belarusian alphabet.
Belarusian does not use all the letters of the Russian alphabet, and it has the additional letters і and ў.
| а a | б b | в v | г g | д d | е e | ё jo | ж ž | з z | і i | й j | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Braille |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| к k | л l | м m | н n | о o | п p | р r | с s | т t | у u | ў ŭ | |
| Braille |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ф f | х ch | ц c | ч č | ш š | ы y | ь ’ | э è | ю ju | я ja | ||
| Braille |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The letters і and ў are the mirror images of й and у, and the і was once found in Russian Braille. (See obsolete letters of Russian Braille.)
Single punctuation:
| , | . | ? | ! | ; | : | - | ' | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Braille |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Paired punctuation:
| « ... » | ( ... ) | |
| Braille |  ...  |  ... |
| italics | capital | number |
|---|---|---|
 |  |  |
The Cyrillic script, Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia.
Belarusian is an East Slavic language. It is one of the two official state languages in Belarus, alongside Russian. Additionally, it is spoken in some parts of Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, and Ukraine by Belarusian minorities in those countries.
The Belarusian Latin alphabet or Łacinka for the Latin script in general is the common name for writing Belarusian using Latin script. It is similar to the Sorbian alphabet and incorporates features of the Polish and Czech alphabets. Today, Belarusian most commonly uses the Cyrillic alphabet.
The Belarusian alphabet is based on the Cyrillic script and is derived from the alphabet of Old Church Slavonic. It has existed in its modern form since 1918 and has 32 letters. See also Belarusian Latin alphabet and Belarusian Arabic alphabet.
Three alphabets are used to write the Kazakh language: the Cyrillic, Latin and Arabic scripts. The Cyrillic script is used in Kazakhstan and Mongolia. An October 2017 Presidential Decree in Kazakhstan ordered that the transition from Cyrillic to a Latin script be completed by 2025. The Arabic script is used in Arabia, Iran, Afghanistan and parts of China.
There are 4 stages in the history of Yakut writing systems:
The Ukrainian orthography is orthography for the Ukrainian language, a system of generally accepted rules that determine the ways of transmitting speech in writing.
Numerous Cyrillic alphabets are based on the Cyrillic script. The early Cyrillic alphabet was developed in the 9th century AD and replaced the earlier Glagolitic script developed by the Byzantine theologians Cyril and Methodius. It is the basis of alphabets used in various languages, past and present, Slavic origin, and non-Slavic languages influenced by Russian. As of 2011, around 252 million people in Eurasia use it as the official alphabet for their national languages. About half of them are in Russia. Cyrillic is one of the most-used writing systems in the world. The birth place of the Cyrillic alphabet is Bulgaria. The creator is Saint Clement of Ohrid from the Preslav literary school in the First Bulgarian Empire.
The Cyrillization of Chinese is the transcription of Chinese characters into the Cyrillic alphabet.
JCUKEN is the main Cyrillic keyboard layout for the Russian language in computers and typewriters. Earlier in Russia JIUKEN (ЙІУКЕН) layout was the main layout, but it was replaced by JCUKEN when the Russian alphabet reform of 1917 removed the letters Ѣ, І, Ѵ, and Ѳ. The letter Ъ had decreased in usage significantly after the reform.
Russian Braille is the braille alphabet of the Russian language. With suitable extensions, it is used for languages of neighboring countries that are written in Cyrillic in print, such as Ukrainian and Mongolian. It is based on the Latin transliteration of Cyrillic, with additional letters assigned idiosyncratically. In Russian, it is known as Шрифт Брайля.
Bulgarian Braille is a braille alphabet for writing the Bulgarian language. It is based on the unified international braille conventions, with braille letters approximating their Latin transliteration, and the same punctuation, with the French question mark. In Bulgarian, it is known as Брайлова азбука "braille alphabet".
Scandinavian Braille is a braille alphabet used, with differences in orthography and punctuation, for the languages of the mainland Nordic countries: Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, and Finnish. In a generally reduced form it is used for Greenlandic.
Portuguese Braille is the braille alphabet of the Portuguese language, both in Portugal and in Brazil. It is very close to French Braille, with slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation.
Ukrainian Braille is the braille alphabet of the Ukrainian language. It is based on Russian Braille, with a few additional letters found in the print Ukrainian alphabet.
Spanish Braille is the braille alphabet of Spanish and Galician. It is very close to French Braille, with the addition of a letter for ñ, slight modification of the accented letters and some differences in punctuation. Further conventions have been unified by the Latin American Blind Union, but differences with Spain remain.
The braille alphabet used for the Kyrgyz language is based on Russian Braille, with a few additional letters found in the print Kyrgyz alphabet.
The braille alphabet used for the Kazakh language is based on Russian Braille, with several additional letters found in the print Kazakh alphabet.
The braille alphabet used for the Tatar language is based on Russian Braille, with several additional letters found in the print Tatar alphabet.
KOI8-RU is an 8-bit character encoding, designed to cover Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian which use a Cyrillic alphabet. It is closely related to KOI8-R, which covers Russian and Bulgarian, but replaces ten box drawing characters with five Ukrainian and Belarusian letters Ґ, Є, І, Ї, and Ў in both upper case and lower case. It is even more closely related to KOI8-U, which does not include Ў but otherwise makes the same replacements. The additional letter allocations are matched by KOI8-E, except for Ґ which is added to KOI8-F.
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