Breakdown (Mariah Carey song)

Last updated

Krayzie Bone - Bone Thugs-n-Harmony (21365737206).jpg
Wish Bone - Bone Thugs-n-Harmony (21381125942).jpg
"Breakdown" features rapping by two members of the group Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony, Krayzie Bone (left) and Wish Bone.
Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg
"Breakdown"
A sample of the last chorus, featuring the song's instrumentation and vocal arrangement
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Situated among ballads (e.g. "Butterfly") and uptempo songs ("Honey"), "Breakdown" occupies a musical middle ground on Butterfly. [17] It is an R&B, [17] hip hop, [18] and hip hop soul song [19] driven by a slow groove. [20] The album version lasts four minutes and forty-four seconds [21] and the single is four minutes and fifteen seconds long. [22] Carey wrote her lyrics after the composing with Stevie J, who played keyboards and programmed additional keyboard and drum sounds electronically. [13] [23] She recorded her vocals before Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony members Krayzie Bone and Wish Bone did: [13] "I wanted to do a song in their style, so that when they came into the studio to hear it, they would know immediately that I had been totally influenced by them." [24] After Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony's manager informed them that Carey was interested in collaborating, the group was reluctant as they did not comprehend her level of fame. [25]

Columbia chartered a plane to Cleveland, Ohio, to bring the group members to record in New York City. [26] Upon their arrival, Krayzie Bone and Wish Bone were given cannabis which they passed out from after becoming intoxicated. [27] Awakened by their manager, the group members were receptive to "Breakdown" because it sounded similar to their previous work. [13] According to Wish Bone, "She had a blueprint laid out for us, and then me and Krayzie started coming up with little things to add to the hook. It really wasn't nothing for us to do our verses because that's what we do." [26] Layzie Bone initially stayed back, but joined the session at Carey's request after the record label sent a second plane. [27] Carey, Stevie J, and Combs produced "Breakdown"; Dana Jon Chappelle and Ian Dalsemer conducted engineering at The Hit Factory and Daddy's House [lower-alpha 3] studios. [23] Tony Maserati managed the mixing at The Hit Factory and Herb Powers Jr. mastered it at Powers House of Sound in New York. [23] She was initially apprehensive about the outcome: "After I did it, I was like 'Wow, this sounds really different for me. What did I just do?' And I was like, 'Did I do wrong?'" [29]

"Breakdown" concerns concealing heartbreak after a romantic relationship ended due to rejection. [30] [31] [32] Some of Carey's lyrics, such as "Well I guess I'm trying to be nonchalant about it / And I'm going to extremes to prove I'm fine without you", are directed at the former partner. [33] Others posit questions about how to move on: "So what do you do when / Somebody you're so devoted to / Suddenly just stops loving you?" [34] The lyrics have a dark tone, [35] and chirping birds in the background elicit an optimistic aura. [31] Some critics thought the song detailed the end of Carey's marriage with Mottola. [lower-alpha 4] Others felt the perceived references were not as clear. [38] [39] Carey told The Boston Globe it is a representation of her admiration for Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony's rapping style. [24]

The song structure of "Breakdown" contains two verses and a chorus sung by Carey, two raps by Wish Bone, and two raps by Krayzie Bone. [23] Bone Thugs-n-Harmony harmonize their rapping in staccato-saturated couplets. [40] [41] Influenced by reggae and doo-wop, [35] [42] they rap in a fast-paced aggressive manner. [19] [40] Carey speeds up her vocals to match them, [43] singing in double-time. [44] New York Times writer Jon Pareles perceived this delivery as showcasing she is torn between feeling despair and detachment. [43] Carey incorporates melisma in her vocals and produces vamps. [22] [45] At times half-whispering, [46] she adopts a restrained delivery until belting near the end of the song to express her true emotional state. [47] [48] Departing from her practice of having a male singer like Trey Lorenz add background vocals in a low register that complement the lead, Carey provides them herself on "Breakdown". [49] They are featured prominently throughout the track and, according to Grey Cavitt of the Waco Tribune-Herald , "threaten to bring about the psychological break promised by the title". [50]

Release

"Breakdown" is the sixth track on Butterfly, which Sony Music issued on September 10, 1997. [51] Upon the album's release, American newspaper critics deemed "Breakdown" a potentially successful single. [lower-alpha 5] R&B radio stations in the country began playing it in late 1997 amid a lukewarm response to the album's second single, "Butterfly". [lower-alpha 6] After "Breakdown" received over 600 spins without promotion, [59] Columbia released the song to American rhythmic contemporary radio stations in January 1998. [22] [57] It was the third single from Butterfly, following "Honey" and "Butterfly". [55]

After "Breakdown" failed to garner crossover success on contemporary hit radio, Columbia did not release it for sale in the United States. [57] At the time, Billboard Hot 100 chart rules stipulated that songs required retail releases to appear and that airplay from R&B radio stations was not a factor. [60] During an interview in late 1998, Carey said Columbia had a peculiar pattern of not releasing her heavily R&B material as commercial singles since her 1990 debut: "I'll always be upset 'Breakdown' never got its shot." [61]

Columbia released "Breakdown" in the United States as a double A-side with the album's fifth single, "My All", on April 21, 1998. [55] [57] [62] The songs were issued together in many formats: 7-inch vinyl, 12-inch vinyl, cassette, maxi cassette, CD, and maxi CD. [63] [lower-alpha 7] In Japan, "Breakdown" is the B-side to the "My All" mini CD single released on May 30, 1998. [64] It was released independently of "My All" in Oceania. [65] [66] Some formats include a remix of "Breakdown" with additional rapping by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. [67] This version, with contributions from Layzie Bone, also appears on the group's 1998 compilation album, The Collection . [68] "Breakdown" is present on Carey's 2003 remix album, The Remixes , in its original form. [69] Columbia and Legacy Recordings released a digital extended play with the three versions of the song as part of the MC30 campaign marking three decades of Carey's career on August 28, 2020. [70] [71]

Critical reception

Critics evaluated the effectiveness of "Breakdown" as a departure from Carey's previous work. Billy Tyus described it as innovative in the Herald & Review , [72] and Daily Herald writer Mark Guarino considered the lyrics surprisingly serious. [73] Paul Willistein of The Morning Call and author Chris Nickson believed "Breakdown" demonstrated artistic freedom successfully. [74] [75] Carey's restrained vocals made the song as high-quality as her traditional ballads according to Vulture 's Lindsey Weber. [76] In contrast, several critics thought the composition lacked cohesiveness. [lower-alpha 8] Writing in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , Dave Tianen said Carey's "vocals get smothered beneath a rancid glop of synths, samples, raps and choruses". [80] Nicole M. Campbell of The Santa Clarita Valley Signal credited these sentiments to the number of producers, which she considered excessive. [81]

The song received comparisons to others in its genre. According to Billboard , "Breakdown" eclipses them because "the rhymes are tightly sewn into the track's primary vocal arrangement and are crucial to the evolution of the song's lyric". [22] Conversely, Dave Ferman of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram felt it contributed to a pattern of nondescript R&B collaborations in the mid-1990s. [82] [lower-alpha 9] Critics contrasted "Breakdown" with "Tha Crossroads". [lower-alpha 10] According to Eric Henderson of Slant Magazine , the hi-hats and bassline are repetitive to the point of laziness. [83] For Philadelphia Daily News writer Jonathan Takiff, its hip hop aspects acted as "freshening the soul-diva formula". [32] Others likened "Breakdown" to the music of En Vogue, [38] Mary J. Blige, [19] and Janet Jackson. [84]

Critics praised the pairing of Carey and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. [lower-alpha 11] Slant Magazine's Sal Cinquemani thought Carey wholly embraced her collaborators' appearance on the track. [48] According to Sonia Murray of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution , she adopted their cadence without losing authenticity. [90] For New York Daily News writer Jim Farber, "instead of just co-opting their sound, her sweet tones give Bone Thugs' sound a new fluidity." [41] In contrast, The Scotsman 's Sarah Dempster considered the collaboration confounding. [91] Richard Harrington of The Washington Post thought Bone Thugs-n-Harmony overshadowed Carey; [39] J. D. Considine of The Baltimore Sun said she adopted their style so effectively that the group's presence was almost unnecessary. [36]

Commercial performance

"Breakdown" experienced success on American urban contemporary radio stations. [92] It reached number nine on the airplay chart for that format published by Radio & Records in March 1998. [93] On the comparative Billboard Hot R&B Airplay chart, "Breakdown" peaked at number thirteen. It surpassed "One Sweet Day" (1995) to become Carey's longest-running song on the list (thirty weeks), a position it held until "We Belong Together" in 2005. [56] "Breakdown" reached number eighteen on Rhythmic Top 40, her lowest peak on that chart at the time. [94] Billboard originally listed Bone Thugs-n-Harmony as a featured artist, but credits Krayzie Bone and Wish Bone individually on their website. [56] [95]

After the double A-side release with "My All", "Breakdown" debuted and peaked at number four on the Hot R&B Singles chart dated May 9, 1998. [96] Sales of 25,000 units at R&B music stores accounted for over ninety percent of its ranking and R&B airplay contributed less than ten percent. As the song's radio audience (6.5 million) was higher than that of "My All" (5.2 million), the single charted as "Breakdown"/"My All". [97] [lower-alpha 12] "Breakdown" did not appear alongside "My All" on the Hot 100 because it was not within the top seventy-five of Hot 100 Airplay at the time, [62] having peaked at number fifty-three in March 1998. [99] In 2022, the Recording Industry Association of America awarded "Breakdown" a gold certification, which denotes 500,000 units based on digital downloads and on-demand streams. [100] [101]

The song's performance varied in other countries. "Breakdown" peaked at number four on the New Zealand singles chart, outperforming "Butterfly". [66] [lower-alpha 13] It continued a pattern of success for Bone Thugs-n-Harmony in the country; four of their last five singles had reached the top five. [66] The Recording Industry Association of New Zealand certified it gold, indicating shipments of 5,000 units. [102] In Australia, "Breakdown" reached number thirty-eight. [65] Although it was not officially released there, [lower-alpha 14] the double A-side single "My All"/"Breakdown" appeared for one week on the UK Singles Chart at number ninety-eight. [104]

Music video

Carey and Diane Martel directed the music video for "Breakdown". Martel had previously directed videos for Carey's singles "Dreamlover" (1993) and "All I Want for Christmas Is You" (1994). [105] "Breakdown" showcases Carey in various roles at a Las Vegas casino. [106] [107] Members of Bone Thugs-n-Harmony appear, [107] as do producer Jermaine Dupri and rapper Redman as a magician. [108] Visuals include Carey's butterfly tattoo and her jumping into poker chips that cover a bed. [107] In a cabaret scene, Carey wears a black sequin halter top on a bentwood chair. [109] [107] Writers for The New York Times and Ottawa Citizen felt this paid homage to Liza Minnelli as Sally Bowles in Cabaret (1972). [109] [110] In the academic journal Gender & Society , Rana A. Emerson cited the camera's focus on Carey's showgirl outfit in arguing that social standards regarding the attractiveness of female R&B singers are implied. [106]

The "Breakdown" music video was issued in late 1997. [105] It peaked within the top five on weekly airplay charts for MTV and BET television channels as measured by Broadcast Data Systems. [111] [112] Columbia Music Video released "Breakdown" as a video single on VHS with "My All" on April 21, 1998. [113] [114] It was later included on Carey's 1999 video album Around the World . [115] The video was shown during Carey's live performances of "Breakdown" on the Butterfly World Tour so Bone Thugs-n-Harmony could appear by proxy. [116] Carey again performed with a chair while singing the song on the first date of her 2006 concert tour The Adventures of Mimi. [117]

Legacy

Critics judge "Breakdown" as a turning point in Carey's musical direction toward hip hop. [lower-alpha 15] "Breakdown" marked the first time she collaborated with rap artists on a song in its original form; she had previously employed them on remixes to her songs "Fantasy" (1995), "Always Be My Baby" (1996), and "Honey" (1997). [120] Bianca Betancourt gauged it as a "game-changing collaboration" in Harper's Bazaar , [121] and Vibe 's Julianne Shepherd said Carey "transcend[ed] genre" with the song. [122] According to journalist Elaine Welteroth, "Breakdown" compelled African Americans to begin thinking of Carey as Black. [123] Scholar Alexander Ghedi Weheliye viewed its fusion of singing and rapping as a precursor to the popularity of this practice in hip hop music after 2010. [124] In his 2023 book Why Mariah Carey Matters, Andrew Chan argued that Carey advanced the style of R&B vocalists by adopting the flow of rappers. [125]

Retrospectively, Carey and her fans consider "Breakdown" one of the best songs in her catalog. [121] It has received a similar reception from critics. [lower-alpha 16] Rich Juzwiak of Slant Magazine hailed "Breakdown" as Carey's best track in 2003, [34] and Alex Macpherson of The Guardian described it as "perhaps Carey's finest song" in 2020. [46] Writers for BET, Gold Derby, and the Honolulu Star-Advertiser considered "Breakdown" one of her best tracks that did not reach number one on the Hot 100. [18] [126] [127] In 2007, Carey and Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony collaborated again for the group's song "Lil' L.O.V.E.". [128]

"Breakdown"
Breakdown Mariah Carey.png
Single by Mariah Carey featuring Bone Thugs-n-Harmony
from the album Butterfly
A-side "My All"
ReleasedJanuary 1998
Recorded1997
Studio
Genre
Length
  • 4:44 (album)
  • 4:15 (single)
Label Columbia
Composer(s)
Lyricist(s)
Producer(s)
Mariah Carey singles chronology
"Butterfly"
(1997)		"Breakdown"
(1998)		"The Roof (Back in Time)"
(1998)
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony singles chronology
"If I Could Teach the World"
(1997)		"Breakdown"
(1998)		"Ghetto Cowboy"
(1999)
Retrospective rankings of "Breakdown"
PublicationListYearRankRef.
Billboard 100 Greatest Mariah Carey Songs202018 [47]
Butterfly Tracklist Ranked20225 [19]
Mariah Carey's 56 Best Collaborations with Rappers20196 [129]
Cleveland.com All 76 Mariah Carey Singles Ranked202011 [88]
Complex Stevie J's 10 Greatest Music Contributions2014Placed [130]
Dazed Mariah Carey's 10 Greatest Hip Hop Collaborations2015Placed [131]
Revolt Stevie J's 11 Most Classic Beats20193 [132]
Vibe Butterfly Tracklist Ranked20172 [40]
Vulture Mariah Carey's 25 Best Singles201411 [76]

Credits and personnel

Charts and certifications

Notes

  1. ↑ According to Norman Abjorensen, "middle of the road" is a radio format focusing on songs that are "generally strongly melodic and often features vocal harmony technique and light orchestral arrangements". [1]
  2. ↑ Their separation occurred in late 1996, [5] and was disclosed publicly on May 30, 1997. [6]
  3. ↑ Daddy's House was a recording studio owned by Sean Combs [28]
  4. ↑ Such as J. D. Considine of The Baltimore Sun , [36] Michael Corcoran of the Austin American-Statesman , [35] and David Thigpen of Time [37]
  5. ↑ Such as those from USA Today , [52] The Philadelphia Inquirer , [53] and the Springfield News-Leader [54]
  6. ↑ "Butterfly" was released as the second single from Butterfly in 1997. [55] "Breakdown" debuted on the Billboard Hot R&B Airplay chart dated October 18, 1997, the same week as "Butterfly". The latter peaked at number twenty-seven and became Carey's third-lowest charting song on the chart at the time. [56] According to the New York Daily News, "Butterfly" received poor audience feedback. [57] A radio programmer told Billboard that they added "Breakdown" to their playlist instead of "Butterfly" to avoid playing multiple slow songs in a row. [58]
  7. ↑ For comparison, when "Breakdown" debuted on the Hot R&B Singles chart dated May 9, 1998, none of the other ninety-nine songs on the chart had as many formats available. [63]
  8. ↑ Such as Gary Graff of the San Francisco Chronicle , [77] Chuck Campbell of the Knoxville News Sentinel , [78] and Dave Ferman of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram [79]
  9. ↑ Ferman felt that unlike R&B collaborations before the 1990s, in which "individual styles and good material blended to produce something that neither artist could have managed alone," the new "sound is an often unsatisfying fusion of slow to medium beats, with traces of '70s funk and a more streetwise sensibility than much ultra-successful '80s urban music had". [82]
  10. ↑ Such as Jon O'Brien and Christine Werthman of Billboard [19] [47]
  11. ↑ Such as David Browne of Entertainment Weekly , [85] Thor Christensen of The Dallas Morning News , [42] Owen Myers of Pitchfork , [86] Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times , [87] Troy L. Smith of Cleveland.com, [88] and Vincent Stephens in Popular Music and Society [89]
  12. ↑ The release was credited to "My All"/"Breakdown" by the next week [98]
  13. ↑ "Butterfly" peaked at number fifteen [66]
  14. ↑ "The Roof (Back in Time)" was chosen as the third single from Butterfly in the United Kingdom in lieu of "Breakdown", but its release was ultimately cancelled. "My All" was issued independently of "Breakdown". [103]
  15. ↑ Such as writers for NPR, [118] Slant Magazine , [119] and Vibe [40]
  16. ↑ Such as those from Billboard, [47] Cleveland.com, [88] and Vulture [76]

Related Research Articles

<i>Butterfly</i> (Mariah Carey album) 1997 studio album by Mariah Carey

Butterfly is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey, released on September 10, 1997, by Columbia Records. The album contains both hip-hop and urban adult contemporary sounds, as well as some softer and more contemporary melodies. Throughout the project, Carey worked with Walter Afanasieff, with whom she had written and produced most of the material from her previous albums. She also worked with many famed hip-hop producers and rappers, such as Sean "Puffy" Combs, Q-Tip, Missy Elliott and the Trackmasters. With the latter acts producing most of the album, Butterfly deviated from the adult contemporary sound of Carey's previous albums.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Crybaby (Mariah Carey song)</span> 2000 single by Mariah Carey

"Crybaby" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey featuring American rapper Snoop Dogg. It was released on April 17, 2000 by Columbia Records as a double A-side with "Can't Take That Away ". It was written by Carey and Snoop Dogg, and produced by the former and Damizza for Carey's seventh studio album, Rainbow (1999). It serves as the album's fourth single. It features Snoop Dogg throughout the song's bridge and is built around a sample of the 1988 song "Piece of My Love," originally performed by Guy and written by Teddy Riley, Aaron Hall, Timmy Gatling and Gene Griffin. Throughout the song, the protagonist reveals the struggles of dealing with insomnia and thoughts of a past relationship during the night, as she spirals out of control and declares "I gotta get me some sleep."

"Sweetheart" is a song originally recorded by American singer Rainy Davis. It was written by Davis and Pete Warner, and produced with Dorothy Kessler. The track was released in 1986 by independent record label SuperTronics as a single from Davis's 1987 studio album Sweetheart. A freestyle, hip hop pop, and synth-funk song, "Sweetheart" appeared on R&B and dance music-based record charts in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Butterfly (Mariah Carey song)</span> 1997 single by Mariah Carey

"Butterfly" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter, and record producer Mariah Carey for her sixth studio album of the same name (1997). It was released on September 29, 1997, by Columbia Records as the second single from the album. The song was written and produced by Carey and Walter Afanasieff. "Butterfly" is a pop and R&B ballad combining elements of gospel. Carey had originally conceived it as a house record with David Morales titled "Fly Away". After realizing how personal the lyrics were and how they could be applied to Butterfly, she wrote the album's title track with Afanasieff. On the song's lyrics, Carey sings to someone, telling them to spread their wings and release into the world on their own, like a butterfly.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Can't Let Go (Mariah Carey song)</span> 1991 single by Mariah Carey

"Can't Let Go" is a song recorded by American singer Mariah Carey for her second studio album, Emotions (1991). Columbia Records released it as the album's second single in November 1991. Featuring synthesizers and drum programming, "Can't Let Go" is a breakup song in the form of an R&B and pop slow jam. The lyrics, written by Carey, are about post-breakup sadness. She composed the music and produced the song with Walter Afanasieff, who had previously worked on her 1990 single "Love Takes Time". Carey's vocal range spans more than three octaves; her delivery is predominately breathy and in a low register, with whistle notes featured in the song's introduction and ending.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Emotions (Mariah Carey song)</span> 1991 single by Mariah Carey

"Emotions" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey for her second studio album of the same name (1991). It was written and produced by Carey, Robert Clivillés, and David Cole of C+C Music Factory and released as the album's lead single on August 13, 1991 by Columbia Records. The song's lyrics has its protagonist going through a variety of emotions from high to low, up to the point where she declares, "You got me feeling emotions." Musically, it is a gospel and R&B song heavily influenced by 1970s disco music and showcases Carey's upper range and extensive use of the whistle register. Jeff Preiss directed the song's music video.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I Don't Wanna Cry</span> 1991 single by Mariah Carey

"I Don't Wanna Cry" is a song recorded by American singer Mariah Carey for her first album Mariah Carey (1990). Written by Carey and producer Narada Michael Walden, Columbia Records released it as the album's fourth single in March 1991. A Latin soul–influenced pop ballad, the torch song describes the end of romance. It features drums, guitars, digital synthesizers, and a classic song structure with highly delineated section roles. Modulations occur between these segments that emphasize the singer's emotions. Varying from whispering to belting, Carey's vocal range spans more than two octaves.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Love Takes Time</span> 1990 single by Mariah Carey

"Love Takes Time" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey for her eponymous debut studio album (1990). Written by Carey and Ben Margulies, while produced by Walter Afanasieff, the song was released as the second single from the album on August 22, 1990, by Columbia Records. An adult contemporary-influenced ballad, the song follows its protagonist lamenting the loss of a lover and confesses that "love takes time" to heal and that her feelings for her ex-lover remain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">My All</span> 1998 single by Mariah Carey

"My All" is a song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey from her sixth studio album, Butterfly (1997). It was released as the album's fifth single overall and second commercial single on April 21, 1998, by Columbia Records. The song was written and produced by Carey and Walter Afanasieff. "My All" is built around Latin guitar chord melodies, and makes subtle use of Latin percussion throughout the first chorus, before taking on a more conventional R&B-style beat. Carey was inspired to write the song and use Latin inspired melodies after a trip to Puerto Rico, where she was influenced by the culture. The song's lyrics tell of a lonely woman declaring she would give "her all" to have just one more night with her estranged lover. It is the first song Carey wrote for the Butterfly album.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fantasy (Mariah Carey song)</span> 1995 dance-pop single

"Fantasy" is a song by the American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey. It was released on August 23, 1995, by Columbia Records as the lead single from her fifth album, Daydream (1995). The track was written and produced by Carey and Dave Hall. It samples Tom Tom Club's 1981 song "Genius of Love". The lyrics describe a woman who is in love with a man, and how every time she sees him she starts fantasizing about an impossible relationship with him. The remix for the song features rap verses from Ol' Dirty Bastard, something Carey arranged to assist in her crossover into the hip-hop market and credited for introducing R&B and hip hop collaboration into mainstream pop culture, and for popularizing rap as a featuring act.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">One Sweet Day</span> 1995 single by Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men

"One Sweet Day" is a song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and American vocal group Boyz II Men. The song was released on November 14, 1995, as the second single from the former's fifth studio album, Daydream (1995) by Columbia Records. The artists co-wrote the song with Walter Afanasieff, who co-produced it with Carey. Lyrically, the song speaks about the death of a loved one, how the protagonist took their presence for granted and misses them, and finally about seeing the person in heaven. The artists wrote the song about specific people in their lives, being inspired by sufferers of the AIDS epidemic, which was globally prevalent at the time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Always Be My Baby</span> 1996 single by Mariah Carey

"Always Be My Baby" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter, and record producer Mariah Carey for her fifth studio album, Daydream (1995). It was released by Columbia Records on February 20, 1996, as the third single in the United States and fourth worldwide. Written and produced by Carey, Jermaine Dupri and Manuel Seal, "Always Be My Baby" is a midtempo song, with lyrics describing the feeling of attachment and unity the singer feels towards her estranged lover, even though they are no longer together, she says he will always be a part of her and will "always be her baby" even after they move on.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Honey (Mariah Carey song)</span> 1997 single by Mariah Carey

"Honey" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her sixth studio album, Butterfly (1997). It was released as the lead single from Butterfly on July 29, 1997, by Columbia Records. The song was written and produced by Carey, Sean Combs, Kamaal "Q-Tip" Fareed and Steven "Stevie J" Jordan. The song samples "Hey DJ" by World-Famous Supreme Team and "The Body Rock" by the Treacherous Three. "Honey" was a redefining song in Carey's career, pushing her further into the hip hop scene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Never Forget You (Mariah Carey song)</span> 1994 single by Mariah Carey

"Never Forget You" is a song recorded by American singer Mariah Carey for her third studio album, Music Box (1993). Carey co-wrote the slow jam with Babyface and the pair produced it with Daryl Simmons. Columbia Records released the song on January 21, 1994, as the B-side to "Without You" and promoted it to American urban contemporary radio stations as the album's fourth single. The lyrics lament the end of a romance. Strings, synthesizers, and percussion characterize the composition; Jermaine Dupri altered them for remixes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">I Still Believe (Brenda K. Starr song)</span> 1988 single by Brenda K. Starr

"I Still Believe" is a song written and composed by Antonina Armato and Giuseppe Cantarelli, and originally recorded by pop singer Brenda K. Starr for her eponymous second studio album, Brenda K. Starr (1987). It is a ballad in which the singer is confident she and her former boyfriend will be together again one day. It is Starr's biggest hit in the United States, reaching the top-twenty on the Billboard Hot 100 and being considered her signature song. "I Still Believe" was covered by American singer Mariah Carey, a former backup singer for Starr before she achieved success, for her #1's album in 1998 and released as a single in 1999. It was also recorded by Cantopop singer Sandy Lam in 1989.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lil' L.O.V.E.</span> 2007 single by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony featuring Mariah Carey & Bow Wow

"Lil L.O.V.E." is a song by hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony for their studio album Strength & Loyalty (2007). It features American singer Mariah Carey and rapper Bow Wow and was released as the second single from the album in 2007. The artists co-wrote the song with Shante Harris, James Phillips, and Jermaine Dupri; the latter is also the producer. In the chorus, Carey expresses her need for a 'Lil L.O.V.E' and 'T.I.M.E' from her suspected lover. In the United States, "Lil’ L.O.V.E." was released as a digital download on May 8, 2007. The song was officially released as a single in the U.S. on June 5, 2007.

This is the discography of American hip hop group Bone Thugs-n-Harmony.

American rapper Krayzie Bone has released nine studio albums.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mariah Carey videography</span>

American singer Mariah Carey has had an extensive career in film and television throughout her career, in addition to "hundreds of music videos, a dozen or so feature films, and several TV guest-appearances". After topping charts, filming and directing multiple music videos for well-acclaimed songs such as "Vision of Love" and "Fantasy" throughout the 1990s, Carey made her big-screen debut in the rom-com, The Bachelor (1999). In 2001, Carey starred in Glitter which followed the story of Billie Frank, a young woman rising to fame as a pop-star, and was released on September 21, 2001. It was a major commercial failure and critical flop being ranked number 21 on IMDb's Bottom 100 Movies of All Time.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">With You (Mariah Carey song)</span> 2018 single by Mariah Carey

"With You" is a song by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey from her fifteenth studio album, Caution (2018). On October 4, 2018, Epic Records released it as the album's lead single. The song was written by Carey, Charles Hinshaw, Dijon McFarlane and Greg Lawary, with Carey and DJ Mustard also producing it. The song was announced on October 2, along with its single artwork. A "velvety" ballad with a finger-snap beat and warm piano, the song's lyrics center around a woman seeking safety and security and her partner promising his love.

References

  1. ↑ Abjorensen 2017, p. 337
  2. ↑ Nickson 1998 , p. 3
  3. ↑ Shapiro 2001 , p. 92
  4. ↑ Nickson 1998 , p. 146
  5. ↑ Shapiro 2001, p. 98
  6. ↑ Reilly, Patrick M. (June 2, 1997). "Sony Official, Mariah Carey Disclose Plans to Separate" . The Wall Street Journal . Archived from the original on November 13, 2022.
  7. ↑ Nickson 1998 , pp. 24, 26
  8. ↑ Shapiro 2001 , p. 109
  9. ↑ Frank, Alex (November 28, 2018). "Forever Mariah: An Interview with an Icon". Pitchfork . Archived from the original on November 7, 2023.
  10. ↑ Nickson 1998 , p. 164
  11. ↑ Chan 2023 , p. 78
  12. ↑ Life After Death (CD liner notes). Puff Daddy Records. Arista Records. 1997. 78612 73011 2.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Littles, Jessica (October 26, 2020). "20 Years Later: The Secret History of Mariah Carey's Butterfly Album". Essence . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  14. ↑ Nickson 1998 , p. 163
  15. ↑ Bronson 1997 , p. 841
  16. ↑ Johnson, Kevin C. (March 15, 2019). "6 Highs and 6 Lows on Mariah Carey's Roller-Coaster Career" . St. Louis Post-Dispatch . Archived from the original on December 30, 2023.
  17. 1 2 Nickson 1998 , p. 167
  18. 1 2 Goldstein, Sjarif (November 16, 2016). "Pop Queen Mariah Carey Set to Play 3 Shows in Honolulu" . Honolulu Star-Advertiser . Archived from the original on April 20, 2021.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 O'Brien, Jon (September 16, 2022). "Mariah Carey's Butterfly at 25: All the Tracks Ranked". Billboard . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  20. ↑ Hal Leonard 1997 , p. 37
  21. ↑ "Mariah Carey: Butterfly". Sony Music Store. Archived from the original on September 5, 2002.
  22. 1 2 3 4 Flick, Larry, ed. (January 24, 1998). "Singles". Billboard . p. 57. ProQuest   1505960992.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 Butterfly (CD liner notes). Columbia Records. 1997. CK 67835.
  24. 1 2 Morse, Steve (September 14, 1997). "With a New CD, Carey Goes a Little Deeper". The Boston Globe . p. F5. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ Caramanica, Jon; Coscarelli, Joe (August 6, 2023). "50 Rappers, 50 Interviews". The New York Times . p. AR31. ProQuest   2860524569.
  26. 1 2 Weiner, Natalie (April 12, 2016). "We Belong Together: Mariah Carey's Collaborators Share Untold Stories Behind 8 Classics". Billboard . Archived from the original on November 9, 2023.
  27. 1 2 Murphy, Keith (November 5, 2010). "Full Clip: Bone Thugs-n-Harmony Break Down Their Entire Catalogue". Vibe . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  28. ↑ Gilmore, Mikal (August 7, 1997). "Puff Daddy". Rolling Stone . p. 52. ProQuest   220165879.
  29. ↑ Carey, Mariah (January 24, 2017). "Mariah Carey – On the Record – Fuse" (Interview). Interviewed by Touré. Fuse. Event occurs at 8:54–9:02. Archived from the original on May 16, 2023 – via YouTube.
  30. ↑ Jones, Steve (September 16, 1997). "Carey Soars and Dips on Butterfly". USA Today . p. D8. ProQuest   408739343.
  31. 1 2 Graham, Charne (September 24, 2016). "Mariah Carey's 9 Best Break-Up Songs". Billboard . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  32. 1 2 Takiff, Jonathan (September 17, 1997). "Diva-luation". Philadelphia Daily News . p. 41. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  33. ↑ Wener, Ben (September 12, 1997). "Carey Blossoms in Butterfly". Show. The Orange County Register . p. 52. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved November 14, 2023– via NewspaperArchive.
  34. 1 2 Juzwiak, Rich (September 18, 2003). "Review: Mariah Carey, Butterfly". Slant Magazine . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  35. 1 2 3 Corcoran, Michael (September 16, 1997). "Mariah Carey Takes Flight on Butterfly". Austin American-Statesman . pp. E1, E3. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  36. 1 2 Considine, J. D. (September 16, 1997). "Butterfly Is Sweet as Honey". The Baltimore Sun . p. 8E. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  37. ↑ Thigpen, David (September 15, 1997). "Music: Butterflies Are Free". Time . Archived from the original on November 11, 2023.
  38. 1 2 Sullivan, Caroline (September 19, 1997). "This Week's Pop CD Releases". The Guardian . p. 2-20. ProQuest   188045239.
  39. 1 2 Harrington, Richard (September 14, 1997). "Divorce and the Divas" . The Washington Post . Archived from the original on November 24, 2022.
  40. 1 2 3 4 Brown, Preezy (September 16, 2017). "20 Years Later: Mariah Carey's Butterfly Tracklist, Ranked". Vibe . Archived from the original on November 25, 2022.
  41. 1 2 Farber, Jim (September 14, 1997). "Vocal About Her Breakup". Sunday Extra. Daily News . p. 17. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  42. 1 2 Christensen, Thor (October 2, 1997). "Carey's Latest Album Disappoints". The Republic . The Dallas Morning News. p. B1. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  43. 1 2 Pareles, Jon (September 21, 1997). "A New Gentleness from a Pop Diva" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  44. ↑ Weheliye 2023 , p. 189
  45. ↑ Easlea, Daryl (September 21, 2011). "Mariah Carey Butterfly Review". BBC Music. Archived from the original on September 23, 2011.
  46. 1 2 Macpherson, Alex (June 22, 2020). "Mariah Carey: Where to Start in Her Back Catalogue". The Guardian . Archived from the original on March 30, 2023.
  47. 1 2 3 4 Werthman, Christine; et al. (October 5, 2020). "The 100 Greatest Mariah Carey Songs: Staff Picks". Billboard . Archived from the original on May 19, 2022.
  48. 1 2 Cinquemani, Sal; et al. (May 15, 2020). "Every Mariah Carey Album Ranked". Slant Magazine . Archived from the original on November 8, 2023.
  49. ↑ Weheliye 2023 , p. 190
  50. ↑ Cavitt, Grey (September 20, 1997). "Mariah's Still Underusing Her Voice". Waco Tribune-Herald . p. 8B. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved November 9, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  51. ↑ "バタフライ" [Butterfly] (in Japanese). Sony Music Japan. Archived from the original on October 6, 2022.
  52. ↑ Williams, Jeannie (November 11, 1997). "Carey's On a Roll Since Going Solo". USA Today . p. D2. ProQuest   408699285.
  53. ↑ Moon, Tom (September 21, 1997). "Mariah Carey". The Philadelphia Inquirer . p. F10. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved November 24, 2022– via Newspapers.com.
  54. ↑ Marymont, Mark (September 28, 1997). "Carey's Butterfly Will Burn Up Cash Registers". Springfield News-Leader . p. 6G. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved November 24, 2022– via Newspapers.com.
  55. 1 2 3 Shapiro 2001 , p. 156
  56. 1 2 3 4 "Mariah Carey Chart History (R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay)". Billboard . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  57. 1 2 3 4 Farber, Jim (April 20, 1998). "Mariah Risking 'All"'". Daily News . p. 34. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved November 21, 2022– via Newspapers.com.
  58. ↑ Hall, Dana; Coveney, Janine (February 7, 1998). "Slow Tempos Saturate R&B Radio". Billboard . p. 82. ProQuest   1505960625.
  59. ↑ Jones, Stephen (November 22, 1997). "Mariah Carey: Moving On from the Ballads". Music Week . p. 30.
  60. ↑ Mayfield, Geoff; Sandiford-Waller, Theda (December 5, 1998). "A New Hot 100 Reflects Changes in Music Business". Billboard . p. 129. ProQuest   1505960408.
  61. ↑ Smith, Danyel (November 1998). "Higher and Higher". Vibe . p. 96 – via Internet Archive.
  62. 1 2 Sandiford-Waller, Theda (May 9, 1998). "Hot 100 Singles Spotlight". Billboard . p. 87. ProQuest   1506009300.
  63. 1 2 "Hot R&B Singles". Billboard . May 9, 1998. p. 37. ProQuest   1506023445.
  64. ↑ "マイ・オール" [My All] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on October 25, 2023.
  65. 1 2 3 "Mariah Carey feat. Bone Thugs-n-Harmony – 'Breakdown'". Hung Medien. Archived from the original on November 25, 2022.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 "Mariah Carey feat. Bone Thugs-n-Harmony – 'Breakdown'". Hung Medien. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  67. ↑ Flick, Larry (May 2, 1998). "Columbia's Carey Reconnects with Her Dance Roots". Billboard . p. 30. ProQuest   1506038454.
  68. ↑ The Collection (12-inch vinyl liner notes). Ruthless Records. 1998. 492857 1.
  69. ↑ The Remixes (CD liner notes). Columbia Records. 2003. COL 510754 2.
  70. ↑ "'Breakdown' EP" (in Japanese). Mora. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023.
  71. ↑ Shaffer, Claire (August 19, 2020). "Mariah Carey Announces The Rarities Collection of B-Sides, Unreleased Tracks" . Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on April 16, 2023.
  72. ↑ Tyus, Billy (September 19, 1997). "Butterfly Rides Wave of Emotion". Herald & Review . p. C10. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  73. ↑ Guarino, Mark (October 31, 1997). "Carey's Butterfly Stretches Her Wings, but Not Too Far". Daily Herald . p. 6-11. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  74. ↑ Willistein, Paul (September 27, 1997). "Disc Reviews". The Morning Call . p. A62. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  75. ↑ Nickson 1998 , p. 168
  76. 1 2 3 Weber, Lindsey; Dobbins, Amanada (May 28, 2014). "These Are Mariah Carey's 25 Best Singles". Vulture . Archived from the original on November 8, 2023.
  77. ↑ Graff, Gary (September 14, 1997). "Mariah Carey's Leaden Wings". Datebook. San Francisco Chronicle . p. 54. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  78. ↑ Campbell, Chuck (September 26, 1997). "Mariah Carey's Cooldown Continues". Detours. Knoxville News Sentinel . p. 10. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  79. ↑ Ferman, Dave (September 19, 1997). "Mariah Carey: Butterfly". Star Time. Fort Worth Star-Telegram . p. 14. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  80. ↑ Tianen, Dave (September 16, 1997). "Carey's Butterfly Showy but Thin". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel . p. 8. ProQuest   260585263.
  81. ↑ Campbell, Nicole M. (September 19, 1997). "Mariah Carey Butterfly". The Santa Clarita Valley Signal . p. E12. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  82. 1 2 Ferman, Dave (September 21, 1997). "Gruesome Twosome's Are What's Ailing R&B". Fort Worth Star-Telegram . p. H3. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  83. ↑ Camp, Alexa (April 1, 2005). "Behind the Caterwaul: A Mariah Carey Retrospective". Slant Magazine . Archived from the original on February 25, 2023.
  84. ↑ Kot, Greg (September 19, 1997). "Mariah Carey – Butterfly (Columbia)". Chicago Tribune . Archived from the original on October 31, 2022.
  85. ↑ Browne, David (September 19, 1997). "Butterfly". Entertainment Weekly . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  86. ↑ Myers, Owen; et al. (September 28, 2022). "The 150 Best Albums of the 1990s". Pitchfork . Archived from the original on November 27, 2023.
  87. ↑ Sanneh, Kelefa (October 20, 2003). "Disco, Alive and Dancing" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on January 22, 2022.
  88. 1 2 3 Smith, Troy L. (August 23, 2020). "All 76 Mariah Carey Singles Ranked". Cleveland.com. Archived from the original on October 27, 2022.
  89. ↑ Stephens, Vincent (June 2003). "Rainbow". Popular Music and Society. 26 (2): 234. ProQuest   208071682.
  90. ↑ Murray, Sonia (September 18, 1997). "Carey Unfolds Her Wings with Spirited New Effort". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution . p. F4. Archived from the original on November 8, 2023. Retrieved November 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  91. ↑ Dempster, Sarah (November 3, 1998). "Duets from Hell: It Takes Two to Tangle". The Scotsman . p. 17. ProQuest   326737639.
  92. ↑ Promis, Jose F. "'My All' Review". AllMusic. Archived from the original on February 24, 2023.
  93. 1 2 3 "Records Reaching Top 15". Radio & Records . December 11, 1998. p. 60. ProQuest   1017322012.
  94. 1 2 "Mariah Carey Chart History (Rhythmic Airplay)". Billboard . Archived from the original on April 29, 2022.
  95. ↑ "Hot R&B Airplay". Billboard . March 14, 1998. p. 38. ProQuest   1506059406.
  96. 1 2 "Mariah Carey Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard . Archived from the original on November 22, 2022.
  97. ↑ Faison, Datu (May 9, 1998). "Datu Faison's Rhythm Section". Billboard . p. 34. ProQuest   1506024492.
  98. ↑ "Hot R&B Singles". Billboard . May 16, 1998. p. 31. ProQuest   1506023377.
  99. 1 2 "Mariah Carey Chart History (Radio Songs)". Billboard . Archived from the original on November 22, 2022.
  100. 1 2 "Gold & Platinum – 'Breakdown'". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022.
  101. ↑ "RIAA and GR&F Certification Audit Requirements – RIAA Digital Single Award" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of America. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 5, 2022.
  102. 1 2 Scapolo 2007
  103. ↑ Drew, Richard (May 8, 1998). "Music/Singles". The Pink Paper . p. 16. ProQuest   2092379531.
  104. 1 2 "Mariah Carey Songs and Albums – Full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Archived from the original on October 31, 2022.
  105. 1 2 Shapiro 2001 , p. 158
  106. 1 2 Emerson, Rana A. (2002). "'Where My Girls At?': Negotiating Black Womanhood in Music Videos". Gender & Society . 16 (1): 115–135 [123]. doi:10.1177/0891243202016001007. JSTOR   3081879. S2CID   35432829.
  107. 1 2 3 4 Hapsis, Emmanuel (August 12, 2015). "All 64 Mariah Carey Music Videos, Ranked from Worst to Best". KQED. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  108. ↑ Krishnamurthy, Sowmya (May 13, 2013). "10 Mariah Carey Collabos That Will Never Get Old". Vibe . Archived from the original on November 24, 2022.
  109. 1 2 DeCaro, Frank (March 15, 1998). "Ever So Lively, Even If Gone" . The New York Times . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  110. ↑ Guly, Christopher (March 25, 1998). "Deadly Divas". Ottawa Citizen . p. C12. Archived from the original on November 25, 2022. Retrieved November 26, 2022– via Newspapers.com.
  111. ↑ "Video Monitor". Billboard . February 14, 1998. p. 95. ProQuest   1505992019.
  112. ↑ "Video Monitor". Billboard . March 1, 1998. p. 133. ProQuest   1506050640.
  113. ↑ "Mariah Carey Discography". MTV. Archived from the original on October 3, 2001.
  114. ↑ "My All/Breakdown" (VHS). Columbia Music Video. 1998. 38V 78446.
  115. ↑ "Mariah Carey Around the World". MTV. Archived from the original on May 26, 2002.
  116. ↑ Aoki, Deb (February 22, 1998). "Carey Needs More Song, Less Style". The Honolulu Advertiser . p. A24. Archived from the original on December 8, 2022. Retrieved March 8, 2023– via Newspapers.com.
  117. ↑ Vineyard, Jennifer (August 7, 2006). "Mariah Carey Tour Kickoff: The Voice Outshines Costume Changes, Video Clips". MTV News. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023.
  118. ↑ Chan, Andrew (October 6, 2020). "Mariah Carey's Rarities Illuminate Pop Music's Evolution". NPR. Archived from the original on May 31, 2022.
  119. ↑ Juzwiak, Rich (September 18, 2003). "Review: Mariah Carey, Butterfly". Slant Magazine . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  120. ↑ Nostro, Lauren (August 2, 2012). "A History of Mariah Carey's Collaborations with Rappers". Complex . Archived from the original on March 4, 2022.
  121. 1 2 Betancourt, Bianca (September 15, 2022). "With Butterfly, Mariah Carey Became the Blueprint". Harper's Bazaar . Archived from the original on November 6, 2022.
  122. ↑ Shepherd, Julianne (November 2007). "The Ultimate Mariah Carey". Vibe . p. 102. ProQuest   2771598742.
  123. ↑ Welteroth 2019 , p. 200
  124. ↑ Weheliye 2023 , p. 58
  125. ↑ Chan 2023 , p. 78
  126. ↑ Reyes, Jon (n.d.). "Mariah Carey Singles That Deserved to Be No. 1 (But Didn't Get There)". BET. slide 30. Archived from the original on November 27, 2022.
  127. ↑ Montgomery, Daniel (March 27, 2023). "The 23 Best Mariah Carey Songs that Didn't Hit Number-One: Underrated Hits from the Elusive Chanteuse". Gold Derby . Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  128. ↑ Crossley, Hillary (May 12, 2007). "Bone-Thugs-n-Harmony: Strength and Loyalty". Billboard . p. 37. ProQuest   227261830.
  129. ↑ Scarano, Ross; et al. (April 25, 2019). "Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Mariah Carey, 2019 BBMA Icon". Billboard . Archived from the original on April 12, 2023.
  130. ↑ Ortiz, Edwin (November 2, 2014). "Stevie J's 10 Greatest Music Contributions". Complex . Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  131. ↑ Jones, Daisy (April 28, 2015). "Mariah Carey's Greatest Hip Hop Collabs". Dazed . Archived from the original on March 22, 2023.
  132. ↑ Thorpe, Isha (April 10, 2019). "11 of Stevie J's Most Classic Beats". Revolt. Archived from the original on November 21, 2022.
  133. ↑ "Crossover Airplay". Top 40 Airplay Monitor . March 13, 1998. p. 20.
  134. 1 2 "Records Reaching Top 15". Radio & Records . December 11, 1998. p. 44. ProQuest   1017326989.
  135. ↑ "The Year in Music 1998". Billboard . December 26, 1998. p. YE-51. ProQuest   1529171323.
  136. ↑ "Most Played Rhythmic Top 40 Songs of 1998". Airplay Monitor . December 25, 1998. p. 46.

Books

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.