Carolina, Rhode Island

Last updated

Carolina Village Historic District
The Albert S. Potter Octagon House.jpg
USA Rhode Island location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Usa edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location Charlestown and Richmond, Rhode Island
Coordinates 41°27′31″N71°39′51″W / 41.45861°N 71.66417°W / 41.45861; -71.66417
Architectural style Greek Revival, Italianate, Queen Anne
NRHP reference No. 74000009 [1]
Added to NRHPMay 2, 1974

Carolina is a village that straddles the border of the towns of Charlestown and Richmond on the Pawcatuck River in Washington County, Rhode Island. [2] [3] Rhode Island Route 112 passes through the village. [3] Carolina is identified as a census-designated place, with a population of 970 at the 2010 census. [4] [5] [6]

Contents

Overview

The Carolina Village Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It includes examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne style. [1] It comprises 71 properties over an area of 115 acres (0.47 km2), including a former mill complex and nearby residences. It encompasses properties along Carolina Main Street and Carolina Back Road and their vicinity between Pine Hill Road and Alton-Carolina Road (Route 91), including houses along Butter Lane, Tall Pines Drive, Schoolhouse Lane, Carolina Mill Lane, and Downs Court.

History

In 1802, the first wooden dam and a gristmill were built on the river at the site of the village, which was then known as Nichols Bridge. [2] [3] A few years later, a cotton mill was established, with production buildings mostly located in Richmond and some employee housing located across the river in Charlestown. Rowland G. Hazard bought the mill in 1843 and renamed it the Carolina Mills Company in honor of his wife Caroline Newbold Hazard of South Kingstown. The village around the mill was also given the same name. [7] The Rhode Island Historic Preservation Commission described 19th-century Carolina as a "center for the surrounding area, including a school, a church, a post office, a bank, several stores, a blacksmith shop, and halls for meetings, lectures, and 'entertainments'." [3] The local post office was named "Carolina Mills" from 1850 until 1879, when it was renamed "Carolina." [8]

In 1862, the complex switched from cotton textile production to production of woolens. The Hazard family operated the mill complex until 1863, when they leased it to T.R. Hyde & Co., which was a partnership between Thomas R. Hyde and Rowland Hazard II that operated the mill until 1868. The mill was sold to new owners in 1869, but Rowland Hazard II operated it as a lessee until at least 1877. [7] The mill complex operated until 1930 [9] or 1935. [2]

Raceways for trout and a fish hatchery house at the American Fish Culture Company, Carolina, Rhode Island in 1994 American Fish Culture 1994.jpg
Raceways for trout and a fish hatchery house at the American Fish Culture Company, Carolina, Rhode Island in 1994

The mill complex deteriorated after its closure, and Carolina became a residential community. [3] However, other components of the village remained intact and it was listed on the National Register in 1974. The portion of Carolina village which is located in the town of Richmond includes a corridor of about two dozen 1-story and 1½-story cottages and other domestic buildings built between about 1840 and 1870. Other buildings of historic interest include the remains of the mill; the Carolina School, built in 1845; the Carolina Free Will Baptist Church, built in 1845 and relocated in 1865; the octagonal Albert Potter House, built in 1867; and a 2½-story Queen Anne style house built by Ellison Tinkham, who was one of the owners of the mills from 1868 until 1907. [2] [3]

Carolina was also the site of one of the first trout farms in America. John W. Hoxie established the Clearwater Trout Farm in 1877 on White Brook on land leased from Rowland G. Hazard, north of the village center. Two years later, Hoxie's brother Charles established his own White Brook Trout Hatchery on an adjacent plot of land along the brook. By 1892, the White Brook Trout Hatchery was incorporated as the American Fish Culture Company with Rowland Hazard II as a minority shareholder. The Hazard family gained controlling interest in the corporation in 1899. Upon the death of John W. Hoxie in 1903, the R. Hazard Estate acquired full interest in Clearwater Trout Farm, and both farms were eventually merged and operated as American Fish Culture Company by the Hazard Family until its sale to the State of Rhode Island in 1995. [10] By the early 1920s, American Fish Culture Company was considered to be the largest fish farm in America. [11]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Carolina CDP has a total area of 2.48 square miles (6.43 km2), of which 2.46 square miles (6.37 km2) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) (0.85%) is water. [12] Carolina has its own zip code, 02812, but only the Richmond side is serviced by the Carolina post office despite the post office building being located in Charlestown.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Otselic, New York</span> Town in New York, United States

Otselic is a town in Chenango County, New York, United States, situated on the northern border of Chenango County, northwest of the city of Norwich. The population of the town was 1,054 at the 2010 census. The town is named after a river flowing through it, the Otselic, which is an Oneida word for "place of wild plums". The Otselic valley is the predominant geographic feature in the town, connecting it to the surrounding region north and south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charlestown, Rhode Island</span> Town in Rhode Island, United States

Charlestown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 7,997 at the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hope Valley, Rhode Island</span> CDP in Rhode Island, United States

Hope Valley is a village and census-designated place (CDP) in the town of Hopkinton in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. The population of the CDP was 1,612 at the 2010 census. Hope Valley is the largest village in Hopkinton and the town's principal commercial center. While the village of Hope Valley is located in Hopkinton, its zip code, 02832, extends into the neighboring town of Richmond.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hopkinton, Rhode Island</span> Place in Rhode Island, United States

Hopkinton is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island. The population was 8,398 at the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richmond, Rhode Island</span> Town in Rhode Island, United States

Richmond is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island. The population was 8,020 at the 2020 census. It contains the villages of Alton, Arcadia, Barberville, Carolina, Hillsdale, Kenyon, Shannock, Tug Hollow, Usquepaug, Wood River Junction, Woodville, and Wyoming. Students in Richmond are part of the Chariho Regional School District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Warwick, Rhode Island</span> Town in Rhode Island, United States

West Warwick is a town in Kent County, Rhode Island, United States. The population was 31,012 at the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pawcatuck River</span> River in the U.S. states of Rhode Island and Connecticut

The Pawcatuck River is a river in the US states of Rhode Island and Connecticut flowing approximately 34 miles (55 km). There are eight dams along the river's length. USS Pawcatuck was named after the river.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wakefield, Rhode Island</span> Village in Rhode Island, United States

Wakefield is a village in the town of South Kingstown, Rhode Island, United States, and the commercial center of South Kingstown. Together with the village of Peace Dale, it is treated by the U.S. Census as a component of the census-designated place identified as Wakefield-Peacedale, Rhode Island. West Kingston, another South Kingstown village, was the traditional county seat of Washington County. Since 1991, the Washington County Courthouse has been in Wakefield. The Sheriff's Office which handles corrections is also in Wakefield.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peace Dale, Rhode Island</span> United States historic place

Peace Dale is a village in the town of South Kingstown, Rhode Island. Together with the village of Wakefield, it is treated by the U.S. Census as a component of the census-designated place identified as Wakefield-Peacedale, Rhode Island.

Rowland Hazard may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shannock Historic District</span> Historic district in Rhode Island, United States

The Shannock Historic District is a historic mill village located along the Pawcatuck River in the towns of Richmond and Charlestown, Rhode Island. The postal code for Shannock is 02875. The village extends along Old Shannock Road, Railroad Street, and Shannock Village Road between two crossings of the Pawcatuck, which forms the border between the two towns. It lies mainly in Richmond, but extends along the road running southwest and southeast from the two crossings. Two mill complexes are the visual focal points of the village: the Carmichael plant on the west, and the Columbia Narrow Fabrics Company complex near the village center. The buildings in the village are predominantly residential worker housing set close to the road, which were built in the second half of the 19th century. There are two imposing Greek Revival houses, both built c. 1850, and one Late Victorian house, all of which belonged to mill owners. The area was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wyoming, Rhode Island</span> United States historic place

Wyoming is a village and census-designated place on the Wood River in southern Rhode Island, primarily in the town of Richmond, Rhode Island, but extending north across the river into the town of Hopkinton, Rhode Island. The population was 270 at the 2010 census. It is the site of the Wyoming Village Historic District and a post office assigned ZIP code 02898.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Fish Hatchery Historic District</span> Historic district in Wyoming, United States

The Lake Fish Hatchery Historic District comprises nine buildings built between 1930 and 1932 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in the National Park Service Rustic style. The buildings exhibit a consistency of style and construction, with exposed gable trusses and oversized paired logs at the corners, all with brown paint. The district is located on the shore of Yellowstone lake near the Lake Hotel The hatchery was established to provide Yellowstone cutthroat trout eggs for state and federal hatcheries outside Yellowstone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rowland G. Hazard</span> American industrialist and businessman

Rowland Gibson Hazard was an American industrialist, politician, and social reformer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Washington County, Rhode Island</span> County in Rhode Island, United States

Washington County, known locally as South County, is a county located in the U.S. state of Rhode Island. As of the 2020 census, the population was 129,839. Rhode Island counties have no governmental functions other than as court administrative boundaries, which are part of the state government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Clifton A. Hall</span> American architect

Clifton A. Hall (1826-1913) was an American architect from Providence, Rhode Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">D.C. Booth Historic National Fish Hatchery</span> United States historic place

The D.C. Booth Historic National Fish Hatchery and Archives, also known as the Spearfish Fisheries Center or Spearfish Fisheries Complex and formerly known as the Spearfish National Fish Hatchery, is one of 70 fish hatcheries that were opened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as part of the National Fish Hatchery System. The hatchery was established near Spearfish, South Dakota in 1896, with the purpose of introducing and establishing populations of trout in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Wyoming. It is one of the oldest fish hatcheries in the United States and is the second-oldest in the American West. The hatchery spawns and releases about 20,000 to 30,000 rainbow trout each year. The hatchery doubles as a fisheries archive with the purpose of preserving records and early historical artifacts. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phillipsdale Historic District</span> Historic district in Rhode Island, United States

The Phillipsdale Historic District encompasses a historic mill village along the Seekonk River in East Providence, Rhode Island. The village grew up around the Richmond Paper Company Mill Complex, built 1883-1887, which is separately listed on the National Register. It also includes 75 units of worker housing, as well as five houses that predate the mill complex's construction. The Phillipsdale area was the largest source of employment in East Providence between 1893 and 1910. The district is centered on Roger Williams Avenue and Bourne Avenue, and includes properties on Ruth Avenue and the grid of roads between Ruth and Roger Williams. It also includes Omega Pond and the Omega Pond Railroad Bridge.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bennington Fish Hatchery</span> United States historic place

The Bennington Fish Hatchery, also known as the Bennington Fish Culture Station, is a state-operated fish hatchery at 110 Hatchery Road in Bennington, Vermont, USA. The station, the state's largest, produces a variety of trout, which are used to stock the state's water resources. Its facilities, dating to 1916, are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The station has a visitors' center that is open daily.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parmachenee Lake</span>

Parmachenee Lake is on the Magalloway River near the Canadian border on the western edge of Maine. The lake was named for the daughter of Native American chief Metalluk, and is best known for the Gilded Age Parmachenee Club. The Magalloway River headwaters enter the north end of the lake in Parmachenee township, and the lake extends south into Lynchtown township where it overflows 2 miles (3.2 km) upstream of Aziscohos Reservoir.

References

  1. 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Historic and Architectural Resources of Richmond, Rhode Island: A Preliminary Report, Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission, 1977
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Historic and Architectural Resources of Charlestown, Rhode Island: A Preliminary Report, Rhode Island Historical Preservation Commission, 1981
  4. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Carolina, Rhode Island
  5. U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Boundary and Annexation Survey Map: Washington County, RI (24400900000)
  6. "Summary Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  7. 1 2 Carolina Mills Records, Rhode Island Historical Society, Manuscripts Division
  8. Rhode Island Historical Society Postal History Collection website, accessed July 9, 2009
  9. Rhode Island Historical Society Postal History Collection website, accessed July 9, 2009
  10. Rice, M.A. 2010. A brief history of the American Fish Culture Company 1877-1997. Rhode Island History 68(1):20-35. web version
  11. "South County Boasts of Country's Largest Trout Hatchery" Providence Sunday Journal 13 March 1921, sec. 5, p1.
  12. "US Gazetteer files: 2019". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved July 19, 2020.