Watch Hill, Rhode Island

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Watch Hill is an affluent coastal neighborhood and census-designated place in the town of Westerly, Rhode Island. The population was 154 at the 2010 census. [1] It sits at the most-southwestern point in Rhode Island. It came to prominence in the late 19th and early 20th century as an exclusive summer resort, with wealthy families building sprawling Victorian-style "cottages" along the peninsula. Watch Hill is characterized by The New York Times as a community "with a strong sense of privacy and of discreetly used wealth," in contrast with "the overpowering castles of the very rich" in nearby Newport. [2]

Contents

Panorama view of Watch Hill Watch Hill, RI panorama.jpg
Panorama view of Watch Hill

History

Watch Hill Lighthouse Watchhilllighthouse.JPG
Watch Hill Lighthouse

The Watch Hill area was occupied by Niantic Indians in the 17th century, led by Harman Garrett. Colonists used the hill as an important lookout point during the French and Indian War and the Revolutionary War, hence the community's name. [3] Some landmarks in the village include the Watch Hill Lighthouse, the first of which was built in 1745; The Flying Horse Carousel, the oldest operating suspended-horse carousel in the United States and a National Historic Landmark; the Ocean House hotel; and the 1916 Olympia Tea Room. [4]

The remains of Fort Mansfield on Napatree Point Fort Mansfield.jpg
The remains of Fort Mansfield on Napatree Point

One point of interest in Watch Hill is the ruins of Fort Mansfield, an old coastal artillery post situated at the end of Napatree Point. It was one of a series of such forts constructed to guard the eastern entrance to Long Island Sound as part of the coastal defense network for New York City during the Spanish–American War. It was in operation between 1901 and 1909, then was closed down over the course of several years. The land was sold in 1926, and all the government buildings were demolished during the winter of 1928–29. The three concrete gun emplacements were left behind and remain there today.

Fort Road connected Watch Hill to Fort Mansfield, but the hurricane of 1938 wiped it out and destroyed 39 houses, the Yacht and Beach Clubs, and a bathing pavilion. Fifteen people were killed and others survived by clinging to wreckage, as they were swept across the bay to Connecticut. [5] Several breachways were created in Napatree Point after the hurricane passed. Sandy Point remains an island, rather than the northern extension of Napatree. The shortened Napatree Point is now a barrier beach without any roads or houses. It is open to the public, and offers bird watching and surf casting.

Geography

Watch Hill sits at the most southwestern point of Rhode Island on a stubby peninsula jutting into Block Island Sound. [6] It includes a smaller peninsula known as Napatree Point, a 1.5-mile (2.4 km)-long sandy spit that extends west from the Watch Hill business district, and Sandy Point, which was once attached to Napatree Point. Both Napatree and Sandy Point shelter Little Narragansett Bay and have made Watch Hill a popular harbor around which the business district has grown.

Watch Hill is a two-hour drive from Boston and a three-hour drive from New York City. [6] On clear days, there are views of Montauk, New York [6] to the south and Block Island, Rhode Island to the southeast.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.82 square miles (2.11 km2), of which 0.80 square miles (2.08 km2) is land and 0.014 square miles (0.036 km2) (1.72%) is water. The Watch Hill Historic District has area of 629 acres (0.983 sq mi).

Culture

The barrier beach of Napatree Point Napatree Point.JPG
The barrier beach of Napatree Point

According to The New York Times , Watch Hill was historically home to "a select group of wealthy families" whose lives revolved around "golf and tennis at the Misquamicut Club, bathing and yachting at the Watch Hill Yacht Club, and tea and cocktails at Ocean House and Watch Hill's other grand hotels." [4] Wealthy families built sprawling Victorian-style "cottages" along the peninsula. [7] The village was known as "a somewhat staid and family-oriented community compared to glittering Newport, Rhode Island's other, more famous summer colony." [4] Famous guests to the seaside resort included Albert Einstein, Douglas Fairbanks, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., Groucho Marx, David Niven and Jean Harlow. [8] [9] [10] Stephen Birmingham described Watch Hill as "an Andorra of Victoriana on the New England shore." [2]

For several generations, the community has maintained its "old-money summer colony" [2] atmosphere, even as traditional summer communities have developed, namely Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and the Hamptons. New England traditions are evident in the popular hobbies of its residents, such as golf, sailing, and tennis, as well as the "privacy-loving, multigenerational families tucked into century-old shingled houses", with the majority being passed down in families for several generations. [2] The New York Times notes that "Watch Hill impresses visitors with a strong sense of privacy and of discreetly used wealth—the rambling, old-fashioned, turreted and gingerbreaded Victorian summer houses with piazzas and softly rolling lawns have little in common with the overpowering castles of the very rich in Newport, a place rarely mentioned in Watch Hill even though it is barely 30 miles distant." [2]

The waterfront was once lined with huge Victorian hotels. However, fire and hurricanes destroyed almost all during the 20th century. The two remaining hotels are the Ocean House and the Watch Hill Inn; both went through major renovations during the 2000s. The Ocean House was originally opened in 1868; it was torn down in 2005, then completely rebuilt and reopened in 2010. The Ocean House today consists of both hotel rooms and condominiums. It is the only Forbes Five-Star and AAA Five Diamond Hotel in Rhode Island and has been described by The New York Times as a place which "conjures up another age, when women wore white gloves to tea and golf was a newfangled pastime." [4] Celebrities have holidayed at the hotel, including Hugh Jackman and Regis Philbin. [8]

The village is listed as a census-designated place. [11] As a state-charted Fire District (1901), the Watch Hill area is authorized to tax residents to fund their volunteer fire department, but the bulk of property taxes go to the town to fund municipal services and schools. The most expensive private home in Rhode Island, the High Watch, is located in Watch Hill. [12]

Watch Hill Historic District

Watch Hill Historic District
Holiday House on Watch Hill.jpg
The High Watch on Watch Hill
USA Rhode Island location map.svg
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Usa edcp location map.svg
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LocationRoughly bounded by Breen, Watch Hill & E. Hill Rds., Block Island Sound, Little Narragansett Bay, & Pawtucket River, Westerly, Rhode Island
Area629 acres (2.55 km2)
ArchitectMultiple
Architectural styleLate 19th and 20th Century Revivals, Bungalow/craftsman, Late Victorian
MPS Lighthouses of Rhode Island TR (AD)
NRHP reference No. 85001948 [13]
Added to NRHPSeptember 5, 1985

The Watch Hill Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. [13] It included 176 contributing buildings and two contributing objects on 629 acres (2.55 km2). [13] The area includes most of the neck which is known as Watch Hill. If the CDP is defined as the entire point beyond (to the west of) a line running north along Browning Rd. and Oak Wood Rd., from East Beach to Colonel Willie Cove, then the historic district can be understood as that area less one portion plus another portion. It excludes a portion west of that line on the north side including properties on Watch Hill Rd. approaching the Watch Hill Fire Department, the entire block within which the Fire Department stands, and all of W. Ridge Rd., Glen Way, Breen Rd., and Pasadena Avenue. It includes a portion to the east of that line, namely the area of the Misquamicut golf club and other property north of Ocean View Highway but not including Round Hill Rd. [14] [15]

Selected contributing buildings are:

The two contributing objects are:

Notable people

Notable current and former residents of Watch Hill include:

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Summary Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Bongartza, Roy (July 5, 1981). "Watch Hill to Point Judith - 20 Miles of Summer Fun". The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  3. ↑ "Watch Hill, RI - Watch Hill, Rhode Island Information, Accommodations, Restaurants, Attractions, Events & More. VisitWatchHill.com". visitwatchhill.com. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Abbott, Elizabeth (June 22, 1997). "For Elegant Watch Hill, New Faces on the Scene". The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  5. ↑ "Watch Hill In The Hurricane of September 21st, 1938" a special pictorial issue of Seaside Topics published November 1938.
  6. 1 2 3 "Destination Wedding Guide: Plan a New England Wedding - Condé Nast Traveler". cntraveler.com. Archived from the original on July 9, 2014. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 "Author Looks at Watch Hill's Design | The Weston Easton Daily Voice". weston.dailyvoice.com. January 21, 2011. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  8. 1 2 3 Burns-Fusaro, Nancy (April 29, 2013). "Pop singer makes swift work of moving in". The Westerly Sun . Sun Publishing Company. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  9. ↑ Calta, Marialisa (November 2, 1988). "At the Nation's Table - Watch Hill, R.I." The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  10. ↑ William., Clark, Ronald (1984). Einstein : the life and times . New York: Avon Books. ISBN   038001159X. OCLC   11581780.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Watch Hill, Rhode Island
  12. ↑ Tremaine, Julie (July 28, 2020). "A Brief History of Taylor Swift's Rhode Island Feud". Vulture. Archived from the original on April 11, 2022. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
  13. 1 2 3 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Robert O. Jones, Jr. (1985). National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Watch Hill Historic District. National Park Service . Retrieved June 1, 2023. With accompanying maps and photos, 108 pages. A 127-page version is available from Rhode Island.
  15. ↑ Google Maps, which provides a delineation of Watch Hill jurisdiction which is interpreted here as the CDP area.
  16. ↑ Dickey, Jack (November 13, 2014). "The Power of Taylor Swift". Time. Retrieved February 3, 2019.
  17. ↑ McCarthy, Terrence (September 1, 2006). "COMMENTARY - Show 'n' tell, South County-style" . The Providence Journal . Newsbank . Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  18. ↑ "New York Magazine". Newyorkmetro.com. New York Media, LLC: 27. April 9, 1979. ISSN   0028-7369 . Retrieved January 31, 2015.

41°18′49″N71°50′59″W / 41.31361°N 71.84972°W / 41.31361; -71.84972

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