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Desulfobacterales are an order of sulfate-reducing bacteria within the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria. The order contains three families; Desulfobacteraceae, Desulfobulbaceae, and Nitrospinaceae. The bacterium in this order are strict anaerobic respirators, using sulfate or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor instead of oxygen. Desulfobacterales can degrade ethanol, molecular hydrogen, organic acids, and small hydrocarbons. The bacterium of this order have a wide ecological range and play important environmental roles in symbiotic relationships and nutrient cycling.
Desulfovibrionales are a taxonomic order of bacteria belonging to the phylum Thermodesulfobacteriota, with four families. They are Gram-negative. The majority are sulfate-reducing, with the exception of Lawsonia and Bilophila. All members of this order are obligately anaerobic. Most species are mesophilic, but some are moderate thermophiles.
The Syntrophobacterales are an order of Thermodesulfobacteriota. All genera are strictly anaerobic. Many of the family Syntrophobacteraceae are sulfate-reducing. Some species are motile by using one polar flagellum.
The Desulfobulbaceae are a family of Thermodesulfobacteriota. They reduce sulphates to sulphides to obtain energy and are anaerobic.
Archaeoglobaceae are a family of the Archaeoglobales. All known genera within the Archaeoglobaceae are hyperthermophilic and can be found near undersea hydrothermal vents. Archaeoglobaceae are the only family in the order Archaeoglobales, which is the only order in the class Archaeoglobi.
Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called halophiles, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available. Large blooms appear reddish, from the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create ATP. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps in chloride ions in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport; however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide.
Chlorobium is a genus of green sulfur bacteria. They are photolithotrophic oxidizers of sulfur and most notably utilise a noncyclic electron transport chain to reduce NAD+. Photosynthesis is achieved using a Type 1 Reaction Centre using bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) a. Two photosynthetic antenna complexes aid in light absorption: the Fenna-Matthews-Olson complex, and the chlorosomes which employ mostly BChl c, d, or e. Hydrogen sulfide is used as an electron source and carbon dioxide its carbon source.
Campylobacterota are a phylum of bacteria. All species of this phylum are Gram-negative.
Ignicoccus is a genus of hyperthermophillic Archaea living in marine hydrothermal vents. They were discovered in samples taken at the Kolbeinsey Ridge north of Iceland, as well as at the East Pacific Rise in 2000.
The Desulfurococcales are an order of the Thermoprotei, part of the kingdom Archaea. The order encompasses some genera which are all thermophilic, autotrophs which utilise chemical energy, typically by reducing sulfur compounds using hydrogen.
Halopiger is a genus of archaeans in the family Natrialbaceae that have high tolerance to salinity.
Chloracidobacterium is a genus of the Acidobacteriota. It is currently assigned to the family Acidobacteriaceae, but phylogenetic evidence suggests that it belongs in Blastocatellia.
Deferribacter is a genus in the phylum Deferribacterota (Bacteria).
Dehalogenimonas is a genus in the phylum Chloroflexota (Bacteria). Members of the genus Dehalogenimonas can be referred to as dehalogenimonads.
Sulfurimonas is a bacterial genus within the class of Campylobacterota, known for reducing nitrate, oxidizing both sulfur and hydrogen, and containing Group IV hydrogenases. This genus consists of four species: Sulfurimonas autorophica, Sulfurimonas denitrificans, Sulfurimonas gotlandica, and Sulfurimonas paralvinellae. The genus' name is derived from "sulfur" in Latin and "monas" from Greek, together meaning a “sulfur-oxidizing rod”. The size of the bacteria varies between about 1.5-2.5 μm in length and 0.5-1.0 μm in width. Members of the genus Sulfurimonas are found in a variety of different environments which include deep sea-vents, marine sediments, and terrestrial habitats. Their ability to survive in extreme conditions is attributed to multiple copies of one enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that members of the genus Sulfurimonas have limited dispersal ability and its speciation was affected by geographical isolation rather than hydrothermal composition. Deep ocean currents affect the dispersal of Sulfurimonas spp., influencing its speciation. As shown in the MLSA report of deep-sea hydrothermal vents Campylobacterota, Sulfurimonas has a higher dispersal capability compared with deep sea hydrothermal vent thermophiles, indicating allopatric speciation.
Sulfurovum is a genus within the Campylobacterota which was first described in 2004 with the isolation and description of the type species Sulfurovum lithotrophicum from Okinawa trough hydrothermal sediments. Named for their ability to oxidize sulfur and their egg-like shape, cells are gram-negative, coccoid to short rods. Mesophilic chemolithoautotrophic growth occurs by oxidation of sulfur compounds coupled to the reduction of nitrate or molecular oxygen.
Desulfurella is a lithoautotrophic bacteria genus from the family of Desulfobacteraceae.
Hippea is an obligate anaerobic and moderately thermophilic bacteria genus from the family of Desulfobacteraceae. Hippea is named after the German microbiologist Hans Hippe.
Nitratiruptor sp. is a genus of deep sea gram-negative Campylobacterota isolated from Iheya North Hydrothermal field in Okinawa Trough (Japan). This rod-shaped microorganism grows chemolithoautotrophically in a wide variety of electron donors and acceptors in absence of light and oxygen. It is also a thermophilic group capable of growing within the range of 37–65 °C with the optimal at 55 °C.
The Thermodesulfobacteriaceae are a family of sulfate-reducing bacteria.
References
- Notes
- ↑ "Web of Science [v.5.19] - All Databases Full Record". apps.webofknowledge.com. Retrieved 2015-10-16.
- ↑ Ahn, Young-Beom; Kerkhof, Lee J.; Häggblom, Max M. (2009-09-01). "Desulfoluna spongiiphila sp. nov., a dehalogenating bacterium in the Desulfobacteraceae from the marine sponge Aplysina aerophoba". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (Pt 9): 2133–2139. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.005884-0 . ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 19605712.
- ↑ A.C. Parte; et al. "Desulfobacteraceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ↑ Sayers; et al. "Desulfobacteraceae". National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ↑ "The LTP" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ↑ "LTP_all tree in newick format" . Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ↑ "LTP_08_2023 Release Notes" (PDF). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
- ↑ "GTDB release 08-RS214". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ↑ "bac120_r214.sp_label". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ↑ "Taxon History". Genome Taxonomy Database . Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- Sources
- Foti, M., D. Y. Sorokin, B. Lomans, M. Mussman, E. E. Zacharova, N. V. Pimenov, J. G. Kuenen, and G. Muyzer. "Diversity, Activity, and Abundance of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Saline and Hypersaline Soda Lakes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73.7 (2007): 2093–100.
- Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-24145-6.
- Purcell, Alicia M. et al. “Microbial Sulfur Transformations in Sediments from Subglacial Lake Whillans.” Frontiers in Microbiology 5 (2014): 594. PMC. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.
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