Diphylleidae

Diphylleidae
Collodictyon triciliatum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	CRuMs
Class:	Diphyllatea
Order:	Diphylleida
Family:	Diphylleidae Cavalier-Smith 1993
Genera
Collodictyon Diphylleia
Synonyms
"Collodictyonidae" Brugerolle et al. 2002 [1]

Diphylleidae (also Collodictyonidae) is a group of aquatic, unicellular eukaryotic organisms with two to four terminal flagella. They feed by phagocytosis, ingesting other unicellular organisms like algae and bacteria. It is the sister group of Sulcomonadidae. ^[2]

Recent molecular analyses place collodictyonids (e.g. Collodictyon ) in a clade also containing Rigifilida and Mantamonadidae. This clade has been named CRuMs and is sister to Amorphea. ^{[3] [4]}

Phylogeny

Opimoda

Ancyromonadida Cavalier-Smith 1998 emend. Atkins 2000 Malawimonadea Cavalier-Smith 2003 Podiata Amorphea Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 Obazoa Breviatea Cavalier-Smith 2004 Apusomonadida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Opisthokonta CRuMs [4] Mantamonadida Cavalier-Smith 2004 Glissandrida Yazaki et al. 2025 [5] Rigifilida Karpov & Mylnikov 1989 Diphylleida DiphylleidaeCavalier-Smith 1993 Sulcomonadidae Cavalier-Smith 2013

Taxonomy

• Family DiphylleidaeCavalier-Smith 1993 ["Collodictyonidae" Brugerolle et al. 2002]
  • Genus Diphylleia Massart 1920 non Michaux 1803 [AulacomonasSkuja 1939]
    • Species D. rotans Massart 1920 [Aulacomonas submarinaSkuja 1939]
  • Genus Collodictyon Carter 1865
    • Species C. hongkongense Skvortzov 1968
    • Species C. indicum Iyengar 1981
    • Species C. oxycareni Franchini 1922
    • Species C. sparsevacuolatum Skuja 1956
    • Species C. triciliatum Carter 1865

References

1. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2022-05-01). "Ciliary transition zone evolution and the root of the eukaryote tree: implications for opisthokont origin and classification of kingdoms Protozoa, Plantae, and Fungi". Protoplasma. 259 (3): 487–593. doi: 10.1007/s00709-021-01665-7 . ISSN   1615-6102. PMC   9010356 . PMID   34940909.
2. Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (2013-05-01). "Early evolution of eukaryote feeding modes, cell structural diversity, and classification of the protozoan phyla Loukozoa, Sulcozoa, and Choanozoa". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (2): 115–178. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.06.001. ISSN   0932-4739.
3. Lax, Gordon; Eglit, Yana; Eme, Laura; Bertrand, Erin M.; Roger, Andrew J.; Simpson, Alastair G. B. (2018-11-14). "Hemimastigophora is a novel supra-kingdom-level lineage of eukaryotes". Nature. 564 (7736): 410–414. Bibcode:2018Natur.564..410L. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0708-8. ISSN   0028-0836. PMID   30429611. S2CID   205570993.
4. Brown, Matthew W; Heiss, Aaron A; Kamikawa, Ryoma; Inagaki, Yuji; Yabuki, Akinori; Tice, Alexander K; Shiratori, Takashi; Ishida, Ken-Ichiro; Hashimoto, Tetsuo (2018-01-19). "Phylogenomics Places Orphan Protistan Lineages in a Novel Eukaryotic Super-Group". Genome Biology and Evolution. 10 (2): 427–433. doi:10.1093/gbe/evy014. ISSN   1759-6653. PMC   5793813 . PMID   29360967.
5. Yazaki, Euki; Harada, Ryo; Isogai, Ryu; Bamba, Kohei; Ishida, Ken-ichiro; Inagaki, Yuji; Shiratori, Takashi (2025-06-04). "Glissandra oviformis n. sp.: a novel predatory flagellate illuminates the character evolution within the eukaryotic clade CRuMs". Open Biology. 15 (6) 250057. doi:10.1098/rsob.250057. PMC   12133344 . PMID   40460873.