Ferrari V12 F1 engine

Last updated
Ferrari V12 F1 engine
Ferrari V12 Formula One racing engine.jpg
1995 F1
Overview
Manufacturer Flag of Italy.svg Ferrari
Designer Gioacchino Colombo (1950)
Aurelio Lampredi (1950-1951)
Mauro Forghieri (1964-1980)
Claudio Lombardi (1989-1995)
Osamu Goto (1994-1995)
Production1950–1951, 1964–1980, 1989–1995
Layout
Configuration 60° V12 (1950–1951)
flat-12 (1964–1980)
65°-75° V12 (1989–1995)
Displacement 1.5–4.5  L (92–275  cu in)
Cylinder bore 55 mm (2.2 in) (1.5L)
56 mm (2.2 in) (1.5L)
68 mm (2.7 in) (2.6L)
72 mm (2.8 in) (3.3L)
77 mm (3.0 in) (3.0L)
78.5 mm (3.09 in) (3.0L)
80 mm (3.1 in) (4.1L/4.5L/3.0L)
84 mm (3.3 in) (3.5L)
86 mm (3.4 in) (3.5L/3.0L)
88 mm (3.5 in) (3.5L)
90 mm (3.5 in) (3.5L)
Piston stroke 52.5 mm (2.07 in) (1.5L)
50.4 mm (1.98 in) (1.5L)
58.8 mm (2.31 in) (2.6L)
68 mm (2.7 in) (3.3L/4.1L)
74.5 mm (2.93 in) (4.5L)
53.5 mm (2.11 in) (3.0L)
51.5 mm (2.03 in) (3.0L)
49.6 mm (1.95 in) (3.0L)
52.6 mm (2.07 in) (3.5L)
50.2 mm (1.98 in) (3.5L)
47.9 mm (1.89 in) (3.5L)
45.8 mm (1.80 in) (3.5L)
43 mm (1.7 in) (3.0L)
Valvetrain 24-valve to 60-valve, SOHC/DOHC, two-valves per cylinder to five-valves per cylinder [1]
Compression ratio 9.5:1 - 13.3:1 [2]
Combustion
Supercharger Yes (1950–1951)
Naturally aspirated (1964–1995)
Fuel system Carburetor/Indirect fuel injection [3]
Fuel type Gasoline
Oil system Dry sump
Output
Power output 220–860  hp (164–641  kW)
Torque output 160–370  lb⋅ft (217–502  N⋅m) [4]
Dimensions
Dry weight 120–160  kg (265–353  lb)
Chronology
Predecessor Tipo 033/033A (1988)
Successor Ferrari V10 engine
Tipo 021/1 (1981)
1951 375 Lampredi engine; as used in the Ferrari 375 F1. 1951 Ferrari 375 F1 V12 engine.jpg
1951 375 Lampredi engine; as used in the Ferrari 375 F1.
1950 Ferrari 4.5 litre V12 375 F1. 1950 Ferrari 4.5 litre V12 375 F1.jpg
1950 Ferrari 4.5 litre V12 375 F1.
1989 Ferrari 035-5 engine side Museo Ferrari. Ferrari 035-5 engine side Museo Ferrari.jpg
1989 Ferrari 035-5 engine side Museo Ferrari.
1990 Ferrari 036-2 engine side Museo Ferrari. Ferrari 036-2 engine side Museo Ferrari.jpg
1990 Ferrari 036-2 engine side Museo Ferrari.
1993 Ferrari 041 engine side Museo Ferrari. Ferrari 041 engine side Museo Ferrari.jpg
1993 Ferrari 041 engine side Museo Ferrari.

Ferrari has made a number of V12 racing engines designed for Formula One; made between 1950 and 1995. Some derived engines were also used in various Ferrari sports prototype race cars and production road cars.

Contents

1.5 L engine (1950–1951)

Ferrari's first V12 Formula One engine was the supercharged 125 Colombo engine; with the 1.5 L engine configuration imposed by the FIA for forced induction engines, in 1950. After finding only modest success with the supercharged 1.5-litre engine, Ferrari decided to switch in 1950 to a naturally-aspirated engine formula for the series.

3.3 L/4.1 L/4.5 L engine (1950–1951)

Calling in Aurelio Lampredi to replace Gioacchino Colombo as technical director, Enzo Ferrari directed that the company work in stages to grow and develop an entirely new large-displacement V12 engine for racing.

A Ferrari V12 1.5 litre supercharged F1 engine Ferrari 125 F1 engine.jpg
A Ferrari V12 1.5 litre supercharged F1 engine

The 3.3-litre (3322 cc/202 in3) 275 Lampredi engine made its debut at the Grand Prix of Belgium on June 18. With three Weber 42DCF carburetors, a single overhead camshaft for each bank of cylinders, and two valves per cylinder, the engine produced a capable 300 hp (224 kW) at 7200 rpm. Alberto Ascari drove the car to fifth place, marking the end of the 3.3-litre engine. The 275 was replaced at the Grand Prix of Nations at Geneva on July 30, 1950, by the 340 F1 engine. As the name suggests, the car sported a larger 4.1-litre (4101.66 cc/250 in3) version of Lampredi's V12. With 335 hp (250 kW), Ascari was able to keep up with the Alfa Romeo 158 of Juan Manuel Fangio but retired with engine trouble. Although the 340 proved itself capable, it was only the middle step in Ferrari's 1950 car development. Ferrari achieved the 4.5-litre goal of the formula with the 375 Lampredi engine, two of which debuted at Monza on September 3, 1950. This 4.5-litre (4493.73 cc/274 in3) engine produced roughly the same power as its 4.1-litre predecessor, but its tractability earned Ascari second place in that debut race. A series of modifications through the 1951 season allowed Ferrari to finally put Alfa Romeo behind it in a Formula One race, with José Froilán González' victory at Silverstone on July 14 becoming the constructor's first World Championship win. Ascari's wins at the Nürburgring and Monza and strong finishes throughout the season cemented the company's position as a Formula One contender.

2.6 L engine (1951)

The 1951 Ferrari 212 F1 was powered by a naturally aspirated, 2562 cc Colombo V12 engine. [5] Rudi Fischer also entered the car in Formula Two races using a Ferrari 166 1995cc V12 engine. [6] He won the Formula Two races at Aix-les-Bains and Angoulême in 1951. [7]

3.0 L engine (1966–1980)

For the 1966 Formula One season, there was a change in the technical regulations, now allowing 3-litre engines. Ferrari's first 1966 car consisted of a 3.3-litre V12 engine that was taken from the Ferrari 275P2 sportscar prototypes, modified to 3 litres, and mounted in the back of an F1 chassis. The designation 312, which would be used for a number of later cars, indicated a 3-litre, 12-cylinder engine. The engine was rather heavy, and due to the reduced capacity, lower on power and especially torque. John Surtees drove this contraption unsuccessfully in Monaco while Lorenzo Bandini drove a Ferrari Dino 2.4-litre V6. Surtees won the second race, the 1966 Belgian Grand Prix, a track that favoured power with its long straights, but the 1964 champion departed after a row with manager Eugenio Dragoni. The issue was about priorities in racing, as Ferrari was under pressure from Ford in sports car racing, and the F1 effort was somewhat neglected. Mike Parkes replaced Surtees, who went to Cooper which used Maserati engines, to finish second in the driver championship with a further win. For Ferrari, Ludovico Scarfiotti also won a race, the 1966 Italian Grand Prix at Monza which helped Ferrari finish second in the Constructors' Championship. [8]

3.5 L engine (1989–1994)

The 3.5-litre Tipo 035/5 V12 engine , introduced in 1989, was designed in accordance with the new regulations imposed by the FIA, after the ban on turbocharged engines. [9] [10] [11] The 640 was powered by Ferrari's Tipo 035/5, a 3.5 litre 65° V12 engine which initially produced 600 bhp (447 kW; 608 PS), but eventually outputted up to 660 bhp (492 kW; 669 PS) by the season end, roughly the same amount of power as the engine it replaced, the Tipo 033A V6 turbo, though without the turbo's fuel consumption worries. [12] The engine was unreliable, but it won on its debut race. [13]

Ferrari 3.5 Tipo 043 V12 F1 engine (1994). Ferrari 043 engine side Museo Ferrari.jpg
Ferrari 3.5 Tipo 043 V12 F1 engine (1994).
1994 Ferrari Tipo 043 3.5 V12 engine; the most powerful in F1 history Ferrari 412 T1 engine.jpg
1994 Ferrari Tipo 043 3.5 V12 engine; the most powerful in F1 history

The Ferrari 641 was powered by the 3.5-litre Tipo 036 V12 engine, and later in San Marino by the updated 710 bhp (529 kW; 720 PS)Tipo 037. [3] The Tipo 036 V12 was rated at 680 bhp (507 kW; 689 PS), only slightly down on the 690 bhp (515 kW; 700 PS) Honda V10 engines used by McLaren, but not as flexible or as good at delivering power out of slow corners as the Honda, the Renault V10 engine used by Williams or the Ford-Cosworth HB V8 used by Benetton.

During the early part of the 1994 season, the Tipo 041 engine, used in the Ferrari 412 T1, initially produced 750 bhp @ 15,300 rpm. [14] [15] [16] This quickly and heavily evolved, when a new engine, named Tipo 043 debuted at the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix qualifying sessions, and was first raced in Hockenheim. [17] It was designed from scratch by Claudio Lombardi and former Honda F1 chief engine designer Osamu Goto with a wider vee-angle of 75 degrees (up from 65 degrees) and a shorter stroke, replacing the old Tipo 041; Ferrari had brought on a number of engineers from the successful Honda F1 engine program. The 043 became famous for its great amount of power (over 830 bhp) and for its characteristic noise. [18] [19]

By the end of the 1994 season, Ferrari's Tipo 043 V12 was putting out around 850 hp (634 kW) [16] @ 15,800 rpm, which is to date the most-powerful naturally-aspirated V12 engine ever used in Formula One. [20]

3.0 L engine (1995)

Ferrari's last V12 engine, the Tipo 044/1 , was used in 1995, before a switch to V10 engines for 1996. The engine's design was largely influenced by major regulation changes imposed by the FIA after the dreadful events during the year before: the 75° V12 engine was reduced from 3.5 to 3.0 litres. The 3.0-litre engine produced around 700 hp (522 kW) 17,000 rpm in race trim; but was reportedly capable of producing up to 760 hp in its highest state of tune for qualifying. [21] They eventually switched to a more conventional V10 engine for 1996, which offered the best compromise between power and fuel efficiency; the V12 was powerful but thirsty, and vice versa for a V8.

Ferrari V12 F1 engine. Ferrari F1 V12 engine (22383293983).jpg
Ferrari V12 F1 engine.

Other applications

The engine used in the Ferrari F333 SP sports prototype was a modified version of the 65-degree V12 engine used in the 1990 Ferrari 641 Formula One car, enlarged from 3.5 L to 4.0 L, for longevity, durability, and reliability, and producing 641 hp (650 PS; 478 kW) @ 11,000 rpm; detuned on power and revs from the original engine by about 40 hp (41 PS; 30 kW), for longevity and reliability purposes. [22] [23] Southgate later described it as "one of the most reliable race engines I have ever worked with." [24]

The 4.7 L naturally aspirated Tipo F130B 60-valve V12 engine used in the Ferrari F50 was developed from the 3.5 L V12 used in the 1990 Ferrari 641 Formula One car. It made 382 kW (519 PS; 512 bhp) at 8,500 rpm, and 491 N⋅m (50 kg⋅m; 362 lb⋅ft) at 6,500 rpm.

The 4.7-litre V12 engine used in the Ferrari F50 GT was highly tuned and developed to generate around 750 PS (552 kW; 740 hp) at 10,500 rpm and 529 N⋅m (390 lb⋅ft) of torque at 7,500 rpm.

Applications

Formula 1 cars

Sports cars/Sports Prototype race cars

Road cars

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari F50</span> Italian flagship sports car produced by Ferrari from 1995–1997

The Ferrari F50 is a mid-engine sports car manufactured by Italian automobile manufacturer Ferrari from 1995 until 1997. Introduced in 1995, the car is a two-door, two seat targa top. The F50 is powered by a 4.7 L naturally aspirated Tipo F130B 60-valve V12 engine that was developed from the 3.5 L V12 used in the 1990 Ferrari 641 Formula One car. The car's design is an evolution of the 1989 Ferrari Mythos concept car.

The Ferrari Dino engine is a line of mechanically similar V6 and V8 engines produced by Ferrari for about 40 years from the late 1950s into the early 2000s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari Colombo engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Ferrari Colombo Engine was a petrol fueled, water cooled, carburetted 60° V12 engine designed by Gioacchino Colombo and produced in numerous iterations by Italian automaker Ferrari between 1947 and 1988. The maker's first homegrown engine, its linear successor is the Lampredi V12, which it far outlived, the last Lampredi being made in 1959.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari Lampredi engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

The Ferrari Lampredi engine was a naturally aspirated all aluminum 60° V12 engine produced between 1950 and 1959. Inline-4 and Inline-6 variants for racing were derived from it.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari F50 GT</span> Italian race car

The Ferrari F50 GT is a racing derivative of the Ferrari F50, intended to compete in the BPR Global GT Series against other series rivals, such as the McLaren F1 GTR. After the series folded, Ferrari was unhappy with homologation specials such as the Porsche 911 GT1 being allowed in the newly formed FIA GT Championship and decided to cancel the project due to lack of funding to compete. The car was co-developed with Dallara and Michelotto.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari Tipo 500</span> 1952–1953 Formula 2 racing car

The Ferrari 500 was a Formula 2 racing car designed by Aurelio Lampredi and used by Ferrari in 1952 and 1953, when the World Championship was run to F2 regulations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 125 F1</span> Ferraris first Formula One car

The 125 F1 was Ferrari's first Formula One car. It shared its engine with the 125 S sports racer which preceded it by a year, but was developed at the same time by Enzo Ferrari, Valerio Colotti and designer, Gioacchino Colombo. Initially the racer was called 125 GPC for Gran Premio Città or Grand Prix Compressore before the Formula One era.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 375 F1</span> 1950 Formula One racing car by Ferrari

After finding only modest success with the supercharged 125 F1 car in Formula One, Ferrari decided to switch for 1950 to the naturally aspirated 4.5-litre formula for the series. Calling in Aurelio Lampredi to replace Gioacchino Colombo as technical director, Enzo Ferrari directed that the company work in stages to grow and develop an entirely new large-displacement V12 engine for racing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari Monza</span> Motor vehicle

The Ferrari Monza is one of a series of cars built by Ferrari. In the early 1950s, Ferrari shifted from using the compact Gioacchino Colombo-designed V12 engine in its smallest class of sports racers to a line of four-cylinder engines designed by Aurelio Lampredi. Inspired by the success of the light and reliable 2.5 L 553 F1 car, the four-cylinder sports racers competed successfully through the late 1950s, culminating with the famed 500 Mondial and 750 Monza.

This article gives an outline of Formula One engines, also called Formula One power units since the hybrid era starting in 2014. Since its inception in 1947, Formula One has used a variety of engine regulations. Formulae limiting engine capacity had been used in Grand Prix racing on a regular basis since after World War I. The engine formulae are divided according to era.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 158</span>

The Ferrari 158 was a Formula One racing car made by Ferrari in 1964 as a successor to the V6-powered Ferrari 156 F1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 412 T1</span> 1994 Formula One racing car by Ferrari

The Ferrari 412 T1 was the Formula One racing car with which Scuderia Ferrari competed in the 1994 Formula One World Championship. It was designed by John Barnard and then developed by Gustav Brunner.

The Ferrari flat-12 engine family is a series of flat-12 DOHC petrol engines produced by Ferrari from 1964 to 1996. The first racing Ferrari flat-12, the Mauro Forghieri-designed Tipo 207, was introduced in the Ferrari 1512 F1 car in 1964. Later flat-12 racing engines were used in Ferrari Formula One and sports racing cars from 1968 until 1980, including the 212 E Montagna, 312 B series, 312 PB and 312 T series. The roadgoing flat-12 engines were introduced with the 365 GT4 BB and were produced in various versions until the end of F512M production in 1996.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 212 F1</span> Racing car model

The Ferrari 212 F1 was a Formula 1 and Formula 2 racing car designed by Aurelio Lampredi for Scuderia Ferrari in 1951.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari Jano engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

Vittorio Jano designed a new 60° V12 engine for sports car racing for Ferrari. This new engine, introduced in 1956, combined elements of both Colombo and Lampredi engines with new features. Engine architecture was more of Lampredi school but retained smaller Colombo internal measurements. Jano moved to Ferrari along with his designs for the Lancia D50 in 1955 and went on to design not only a new V12 but also a family of the Dino V6 engines soon after. Some of the technical ideas came from the Jano's Lancia V8 DOHC engine, intended for Formula One. This family of engines replaced Lampredi inline-4s known from Ferrari Monza line and went on to win many international races and titles for Ferrari. The design team comprised Jano as well as Vittorio Bellentani, Alberto Massimino, and Andrea Fraschetti.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari 275 S</span> Motor vehicle

The Ferrari 275 S was a sports racing car produced by Ferrari in 1950. It was the first Ferrari powered by a new Aurelio Lampredi-designed V12 engine, created as a large displacement alternative to the initial 1,5 L Colombo V12, used in supercharged form in Ferrari 125 F1. Formula One regulations allowed for up to 4.5 L in naturally aspirated form.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari V10 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

Ferrari manufactured a series of 3.0-litre, naturally-aspirated, V10 racing engines, exclusively for their Formula One race cars; between 1996 and 2005. They chose a V10 engine configuration, because it offered the best compromise between power and fuel efficiency; the V12 was powerful but thirsty while the V8 was weaker but economical. They switched to 2.4-litre naturally-aspirated V8 engine configuration for 2006. Over its decade-long evolution, power levels varied; from 715 hp @ 15,500 rpm in 1996, to over 900 horsepower, around 935 hp @ 19,000 rpm, toward the end of the 2005 season. The Tipo 05 series of engines, produced between 2001 and 2005, was officially stated to produce between 825 hp @ 17,800 rpm, and 865 hp @ 18,300 rpm. In qualifying mode, however, these engine were reputed to develop up to, or at times over, 900 horsepower (670 kW) at 19,000 rpm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari V8 F1 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

Ferrari has manufactured three naturally-aspirated V8 racing engines, designed for Formula One racing. First, the Tipo DS50 engine introduced in 1956; with the 2.5 L engine configuration. Second, the Tipo 205/B engine, introduced in 1964; with the 1.5 L engine configuration; and was designed by Franco Rocchi and Angelo Bellei. Then, a 42-year hiatus; until the FIA imposed a 2.4 L engine V8 configuration for all Formula One teams in 2006, with Ferrari introducing their Tipo 056; designed by Gilles Simon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ferrari turbocharged V6 F1 engine</span> Reciprocating internal combustion engine

Ferrari made a series of turbocharged, 1.5-litre, V6 racing engines designed for Formula One; between 1981 and 1988. The engine was first used in the Ferrari 126C, in 1981.

References

  1. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-11-14. Retrieved 2021-11-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  2. ↑ "Ferrari F93 A (1993) - Ferrari.com". www.ferrari.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-16. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
  3. 1 2 "Ferrari F1-90 (1990) - Ferrari.com". www.ferrari.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-14. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  4. ↑ "Spicer Horsepower and Torque Calculator". Archived from the original on 2021-11-28. Retrieved 2021-11-14.
  5. ↑ "Ferrari 212 F1". formula1.ferrari.com. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  6. ↑ "RTL GP Magazine 2009 nr 6 - Ferrari 212 F1". RTLGP Magazine. RTLGP. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  7. ↑ "Formula 2 1951 - Race Index". F2Register. Retrieved August 20, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Ferrari 312 F1-66". formula1.ferrari.com. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
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  11. ↑ "Ferrari F1-89: 1989 F1 single-seater". Ferrari.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  12. ↑ "Ferrari F1 89 - F1technical.net". Archived from the original on 2022-01-23. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  13. ↑ "A Brief Aural History Of V12 Engines In Formula 1". carthrottle.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  14. ↑ "Ferrari 412 T1 (1994) - Ferrari.com". www.ferrari.com. Archived from the original on 2022-01-14. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  15. ↑ "Get to Know Ferrari's Most Spectacular Formula 1 Engines". 29 July 2021. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
  16. 1 2 "Ferrari's Most Alluring F1 Engines". June 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-05-15. Retrieved 2021-10-10.
  17. ↑ "Blog: V12 F1 Ferrari's set to ring around Hampton Downs | Formula Challenge". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2021-11-17.
  18. ↑ Parker, James (26 August 2012). "Ferrari 043 V12 Engine". F1Plus. Tornasol Media LLC. Archived from the original on 31 January 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  19. ↑ "Ferrari F1, #6, the Last of the V12S, 1989-1995". 20 October 2019. Archived from the original on 22 November 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  20. ↑ "A Genius Named Todt". Atlasf1.autosport.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  21. ↑ "For Sale: A Ferrari 3000 (044/1) V12 Formula 1 Engine". 16 January 2021. Archived from the original on 15 June 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  22. ↑ "Ferrari F333 SP (1994) - Ferrari.com". www.ferrari.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
  23. ↑ Wouter Melissen (2015-01-25). "Ferrari 333 SP specifications". ultimatecarpage.com. Archived from the original on 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2019-12-06.
  24. ↑ Southgate, Tony (15 September 2010). From Drawing Board to Chequered Flag. Croydon, UK: MRP Publishing Ltd. pp. 184–190. ISBN   978-1-899870-82-0.
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